Ordenha de Leite Humano: procedimentos higiênicos sanitários / Breast Milk Expression: hygienic procedures sanitary

Esta Norma Técnica tem por objetivo estabelecer as condições higiênico sanitárias a serem observadas na realização da extração do leite humano, no domicílio, em Bancos de Leite Humano e em Postos de Coleta de Leite Humano, visando a garantia da qualidade nestes serviços e sua certificação.

Higiene e conduta: doadoras / Hygiene and conduct: donors

Esta Norma Técnica tem por objetivo estabelecer as condições de higiene das doadoras no processo de extração de leite humano no domicílio, em Bancos de Leite Humano e em Postos de Coleta de Leite Humano, visando a garantia da qualidade nestes serviços e sua certificação.

Dying at home of Covid-19: Meeting the need for home-based care.

Despite the increased burden of Covid-19 on older adults, ethical and public health frameworks lack adequate guidance for elderly patients who manage severe, even fatal, illness at home. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) recognize the heightened risks of Covid-19 for older adults; however, both organizations presuppose that most cases of Covid-19 will be mild to moderate and recoverable at home. Yet, older adults are least likely to follow this trajectory. Older patients are more susceptible to experiencing severe illness at home from which they may not recover; and if they do seek medical care, they tend to suffer worse outcomes than younger patients in intensive care settings. Given their likelihood of severe illness, worse outcomes in intensive care settings, and potential difficulty accessing resources, frail, disabled, and otherwise vulnerable older patients may face Covid-19 at home without adequate resources, information, or support for home-based care. This editorial proposes three approaches to prevent needless suffering and ensure that this vulnerable population continues to receive needed care.

Monitorización domiciliaria de sodio en niños con diabetes insípida y adipsia / Home monitoring of sodium in children with adipsic diabetes insipidus

No disponible

Development and Psychometrics Test of Home Environment Assessment Checklist for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Dementia.

BACKGROUND: Home environment is a core domain in the care of community-dwelling older adults with dementia, but there is no suitable instrument to measure it in China. OBJECTIVE: To develop and psychometrically test the home environment assessment checklist for community-dwelling older adults with dementia. METHODS: A three-step process was performed to develop and test this instrument: 1) based on the evidence-based theory, the checklist was summarized as the main points of evidence from living environment settings among older adults with dementia, 2) the draft tool was assigned to an iterative process of evaluation by a panel of examiners consisting of experts from treatment, nursing and caring, people with dementia and their caregivers, 3) inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were calculated with a sample of 348 caregivers of the older adults with dementia. RESULTS: The HEAC consisted of 71 items in domains addressing safety, stability and familiarity, visual cues, and sensory stimulation. Psychometric evaluation showed that this tool demonstrated sound reliability and validity. Content validity was 0.969 which was established by a panel of experts (n = 10). Inter-rater reliability of two researchers was 0.978, and 0.848 for researchers and caregivers. Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.757-0.877) in community-dwelling older adults with dementia 2 week apart. CONCLUSION: The HEAC is a new tool to help collect the reliable information on the barriers and facilitators of home environment for community-dwelling older adults with dementia and to precipitate the home modification process to improve the quality of care for people with dementia and their caregivers in daily life.

Como cuidar de pacientes com Covid-19 em casa

Recommendations in covid-19 times: a view for home care.

OBJECTIVE: To suggest recommendations for the practice of Home Nursing in the context of COVID-19. METHOD: Reflective study, originated from readings associated with the theme, available in current guidelines from the Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: Recommendations were developed from current scientific evidence for prevention of infections, control of epidemics and pandemics in the Brazilian home scenario. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the reflections achieved contribute to guiding actions for better assistance to the patient, family caregivers and the community in the perspective of safe home care with COVID-19, and it is characterized as an introductory discussion on the theme, encouraging new studies to be carried out from the unfolding of the current scenario.

Family Caregiving for Individuals With Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Many individuals living with heart failure (HF) rely on unpaid support from their partners, family members, friends, or neighbors as caregivers to help manage their chronic disease. Given the advancements in treatments and devices for patients with HF, caregiving responsibilities have expanded in recent decades to include more intensive care for increasingly precarious patients with HF-tasks that would previously have been undertaken by healthcare professionals in clinical settings. The specific tasks of caregivers of patients with HF vary widely based on the patient's symptoms and comorbidities, the relationship between patient and caregiver, and the complexity of the treatment regimen. Effects of caregiving on the caregiver and patient range from physical and psychological to financial. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the needs of caregivers to support the increasingly complex medical care they provide to patients living with HF. This scientific statement synthesizes the evidence pertaining to caregiving of adult individuals with HF in order to (1) characterize the HF caregiving role and how it changes with illness trajectory; (2) describe the financial, health, and well-being implications of caregiving in HF; (3) evaluate HF caregiving interventions to support caregiver and patient outcomes; (4) summarize existing policies and resources that support HF caregivers; and (5) identify knowledge gaps and future directions for providers, investigators, health systems, and policymakers.

Infection prevention and control challenges in Flemish homecare nursing: a pilot study.

Home nursing is evolving towards more invasive care. Nevertheless, no national data are available on the prevalence of HAI in this setting. The aim of this pilot study is to explore the Flemish home care setting as a first step toward a national surveillance program. A survey, focused on patient characteristics and HAI, was conducted between 7 May and 20 July 2018 on 711 Flemish patients. Most of the patients (74%) are 65 years or older and half of them had a form of comorbidity. Assisting with personal hygiene and wound care were the most frequent services delivered by home care nurses. A comparison of the prevalence of infections diagnosed by a physician or applying uniform criteria (ECDC), revealed a similar prevalence of skin and soft tissue infections (9% vs. 8.5%) and urinary tract infections (4% vs. 4.5%). A positive MDRO-screening was found in 6% of the patients. This pilot study is a first step towards a standardized national surveillance in home care to collect information on the prevalence of HAI and it reveals several interesting facts and study pitfalls for this setting.

'The same care providers over time who make individual adjustments and have competence' Older South Sami People in Sweden's expectations of home nursing care.

This study is part of a larger research project designed to examine the view of home nursing care from the perspective of older South Sami people in Sweden. In the present study, we present findings from the point of view of their expectations of home nursing care. The Sami are an indigenous population living in northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Kola Peninsula, and consist of different Sami people, of which the South Sami population is one. This population consists of approximately 2000 persons living in the central regions of Sweden and Norway. Fifty-six older South Sami people participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted over the telephone and were analysed using latent content analysis. The main findings show how older South Sami people's expectation for home nursing care contains the same care providers over time, individual adjustments and competent care providers and do not differ from the general Swedish population. Interpersonal interaction is a hallmark of nursing care and other healthcare disciplines. Ideally, interpersonal care is achieved when individual care providers have few care receivers, which promote continuity in care, individual adjustments based on the care receivers individual needs and care providers with professional and relational competence.

Cuidados ao final da vida no domicílio: considerações sobre o Brasil e a França / Cuidado al final de la vida a domicilio: consideraciones sobre Brasil y Francia / End-of-life care at home: considerations about Brazil and France

Ensaio teórico, oriundo de reflexões tecidas em duas pesquisas, realizadas entre 2012 e 2017. Tem-se como objetivo discutir a inserção do domicílio como um espaço de cuidado nas políticas públicas para o final da vida, no Brasil e na França. Para tal, foi realizada leitura interessada de documentos que normatizam a organização dos serviços que atendem pessoas em cuidados paliativos, de ambos os países. Os documentos que respaldaram a análise foram: no contexto brasileiro, a Portaria n° 825, de 25 de abril de 2016, que redefine a atenção domiciliar no âmbito do sistema de saúde; e, no cenário francês, o Plano Trienal de Cuidados Paliativos (2015-2018). Para nortear as análises recorreu-se a autores vinculados à Antropologia Social e aos Estudos Culturais. Vislumbra-se que a partir dos anos 2000 o domicílio passa a ser elemento central para a efetivação das políticas públicas de saúde, especialmente aquelas que visam organizar o atendimento e o cuidado às pessoas com doenças crônicas e em cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de uma forma menos onerosa em termos econômicos para o Estado e que tende a acolher as expectativas de pacientes e familiares na busca do conforto e de formas menos dolorosas de enfrentar o final da vida

Ensayo teórico, oriundo de reflexiones desarrolladas en dos investigaciones que se llevaron a cabo entre 2012 y 2017. El objetivo es discutir la inserción del domicilio como un espacio de cuidado en las políticas públicas para el final de la vida, en Brasil y en Francia. A tal fin, se hizo la lectura interesada de documentos que normalizan la organización de los servicios que atienden a personas en cuidados paliativos de ambos países. Los documentos que sustentaron el análisis fueron: en el contexto brasileño, la Ordenanza no. 825, del 25 de abril de 2016, que redefine la atención domiciliaria en el ámbito del sistema de salud; y, en el escenario francés, el Plan Trienal de Cuidados Paliativos (2015-2018). Los análisis tuvieron sustentación en autores de la Antropología Social y de los Estudios Culturales. A partir de los años 2000 el domicilio se convierte en el elemento central para el cumplimiento de las políticas públicas de salud, especialmente aquellas que apuntan a organizar la atención y el cuidado a las personas con enfermedades crónicas y en cuidados paliativos. Se trata de una forma menos costosa en términos económicos para el Estado y que tiende a acoger las expectativas de pacientes y familiares en la búsqueda del confort y de formas menos dolorosas de enfrentar el final de la vida

It is a theoretical essay derived from considerations developed in two researches carried out between 2012 and 2017. The objective is discussing the insertion of the domicile as a caring space within public policies regarding the end of life in Brazil and in France. For this purpose, reading documents that regulate the organization of services addressed to persons undergoing palliative care in both countries was performed with peculiar interest. The documents that supported the analysis were: from the Brazilian context, Ordinance no. 825/2016; and, from the French scenario, the Triennial Plan for Palliative Care (2015 -2018). To guide the analysis, the source referrals were authors linked to Social Anthropology and Cultural Studies. Since the years 2000, the home became a central element for the implementation of public health policies, especially those aimed at organizing the care towards people with chronic diseases and in palliative care. It is an approach with less economic costs for the State while it tends to meet the expectations of patients and families in the search for comfort and less painful ways to face the end of life

Recommendations in covid-19 times: a view for home care / Recomendaciones en tiempos de COVID-19: una mirada a la atención domiciliaria / Recomendações em tempos de COVID-19: um olhar para o cuidado domiciliar

ABSTRACT Objective: To suggest recommendations for the practice of Home Nursing in the context of COVID-19. Method: Reflective study, originated from readings associated with the theme, available in current guidelines from the Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health. Results: Recommendations were developed from current scientific evidence for prevention of infections, control of epidemics and pandemics in the Brazilian home scenario. Final considerations: the reflections achieved contribute to guiding actions for better assistance to the patient, family caregivers and the community in the perspective of safe home care with COVID-19, and it is characterized as an introductory discussion on the theme, encouraging new studies to be carried out from the unfolding of the current scenario.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Proponer recomendaciones para la práctica de enfermería domiciliaria en el contexto de la COVID-19. Método: Estudio reflexivo, producido a partir de lecturas relacionadas con el área temática, disponibles en directrices actuales de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Organización Mundial de la Salud y Ministerio de la Salud. Resultados: Han sido construidas recomendaciones a partir de evidencias científicas actuales para prevención de infecciones, control de epidemias y pandemias en el contexto domiciliario brasileño. Conclusiones: Las reflexiones realizadas contribuyen para orientar acciones con vistas a una mejor asistencia al paciente, familiares cuidadores y comunidad en la perspectiva de una atención domiciliaria segura en relación a la COVID-19; se caracterizan como una discusión inicial sobre el tema, estimulando que nuevos estudios sean realizados a partir de la evolución del escenario actual.

RESUMO Objetivo: Propor recomendações para a prática de enfermagem domiciliar no contexto da COVID-19. Método: Estudo reflexivo, produzido com base em leituras correlacionadas com a área temática, disponíveis em diretrizes atuais da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Organização Mundial da Saúde e Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: Foram construídas recomendações segundo evidências científicas atuais para prevenção de infecções, controle de epidemias e pandemias no contexto domiciliar brasileiro. Considerações finais: As reflexões realizadas contribuem para nortear ações com vistas a uma melhor assistência ao paciente, familiares cuidadores e comunidade na perspectiva de um cuidado domiciliar seguro em relação à COVID-19; se caracterizam como uma discussão inicial sobre o tema, estimulando que novos estudos sejam realizados com base na evolução do cenário atual.

Nurses striving to provide caregiver with excellent support and care at a distance: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: In Norway, changes in life expectancy have led to increased attention to older people who are ageing at home, by means of home care services, adapted technology and informal caregivers. The caring situation has become difficult for many caregivers. The use of telecare has now offered them the possibility to receive support at home. The purpose of this study was to explore how nurses provide support and care at a distance, using a web camera and a web forum in a closed telecare network for caregivers to persons suffering from stroke and dementia. METHODS: The study had an explorative design with a qualitative approach. The data sources consisted of interviews with nurses and excerpts from posts in a closed telecare network. Content analysis was used to analyse the text from the interviews and the text from the web forum. RESULTS: The main theme, "Balancing asymmetric and symmetric relationships" described nurses' relationship with caregiver. Two categories, "Balancing personal and professional qualities" and "Balancing caregivers' dependence versus independence" were identified. The first describing the tension in their dialogue, the second describing how nurses provided the caregivers with a sense of security as well as strengthening them to master their daily lives. CONCLUSIONS: The nurses provided long distance support and care for the caregivers, by using computer-meditated communication. This communication was characterized by closeness as well as empathy. To strengthen the caregivers' competence and independence, the nurses were easy accessible and provided virtual supervision and support. This study increases the knowledge about online dialogues and relationship between nurses and caregivers. It contributes to knowledge about balancing in the relationship, as well as knowledge about bridging the gap between technologies and nursing care as potential conflicting dimensions. Maintenance of ethical principles are therefore critical to be aware of.

Lack of focus on nutrition and documentation in nursing homes, home care- and home nursing: the self-perceived views of the primary care workforce.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a comprehensive challenge for the nursing home, home care- and home nursing sector. Nutritional care and the subsequent documentation are a common and multifaceted healthcare practice that requires that the healthcare professionals possess complex combinations of competencies in order to deliver high-quality care and treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a varied group of healthcare professionals' perceive their own competencies within nutrition and documentation and how organizational structures influence their daily work and the quality of care provided. METHODS: Two focus groups consisting of 14 healthcare professionals were conducted. The transcribed focus group interviews was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis approach. RESULTS: Six categories were identified: 1) Lack of uniform and systematic communication affect nutritional care practices 2) Experience-based knowledge among the primary workforce influences daily clinical decisions, 3) Different attitudes towards nutritional care lead to differences in the quality of care 4) Differences in organizational culture affect quality of care, 5) Lack of clear nutritional care responsibilities affect how daily care is performed and 6) Lack of clinical leadership and priorities makes nutritional care invisible. CONCLUSIONS: The six categories revealed two explanatory themes: 1) Absent inter- and intra-professional collaboration and communication obstructs optimal clinical decision-making and 2) quality deterioration due to poorly-established nutritional care structure. Overall, the two themes explain that from the healthcare professionals' point of view, a visible organization that allocates resources as well as prioritizing and articulating the need for daily nutritional care and documentation is a prerequisite for high-quality care and treatment. Furthermore, optimal clinical decision making among the healthcare professionals are compromised by imprecise and unclear language and terminology in the patients' healthcare records and also a lack of clinical guidelines and standards for collaboration between different healthcare professionals working in nursing homes, home care or home nursing. The findings of this study are beneficial to support organizations within these settings with strategies focusing on increasing nutritional care and documentation competencies among the healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the results advocate for the daily involvement and support of leaders and managers in articulating and structuring the importance of nutritional care and treatment and the subsequent documentation.

Home Blenderized Tube Feeding: A Practical Guide for Clinical Practice.

Although commercial enteral formulas have been available on the market for several decades, a cultural shift toward consuming unprocessed foods with minimally added sugar has sparked interest in the preparation of home blenderized tube feedings for enteral feeding-dependent patients. Recent surveys, however, indicate lack of clinical awareness or familiarity in the management of this method of nutrition support. This article aims to equip the gastroenterologist with a guide for initiation, monitoring, and evaluation of a blenderized tube feedings regimen, and provides insights into an opportunity for greater partnership between the gastrointestinal provider and registered dietitian.

Timely recognition of palliative care needs of patients with advanced chronic heart failure: a pilot study of a Dutch translation of the Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease - Heart Failure (NAT:PD-HF).

BACKGROUND: The Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease - Heart Failure (NAT:PD-HF) was developed to identify and triage palliative care needs in patients with chronic heart failure. A Dutch version is currently lacking. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a Dutch NAT:PD-HF in chronic heart failure outpatients; and to gain preliminary data regarding the effect of the NAT:PD-HF on palliative care referral, symptoms, health status, care dependency, caregiver burden and advance directives. METHODS: A mixed methods study including 23 outpatients with advanced chronic heart failure and 20 family caregivers was performed. Nurses conducted patient consultations using a Dutch translation of the NAT:PD-HF and rated acceptability. Before this visit and 4 months later, symptoms, health status, performance status, care dependency, caregiver burden and recorded advance directives were assessed. A focus group with participating nurses discussed barriers and facilitators towards palliative care needs assessment. RESULTS: Acceptability was rated as 7 (interquartile range 6-7 points) on a 10-point scale. All patients had palliative care needs. In 48% actions were taken, including two patients referred to palliative care. Symptoms, performance status, care dependency, caregiver burden and advance directives were unchanged at 4 months, while health status deteriorated in patients completing follow-up ( n=17). Barriers towards palliative care needs assessment included feeling uncomfortable to initiate discussions and concerns about the ability to address palliative care needs. CONCLUSIONS: The NAT:PD-HF identified palliative care needs in all participants, and triggered action to address these in half. However, training in palliative care communication skills as well as palliative care interventions should accompany the introduction of a palliative care needs assessment tool. NETHERLANDS NATIONAL TRIAL REGISTER (NTR): 5616. http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5616.

Evaluation of the delivery of long-term at-home nursing care: An example of good practice.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of long-term at-home nursing care (LTHNC) on patient functional status. The specific aims were as follows: (1) to analyse the influence of LTHNC on patient functional status in terms of activities of daily living; (2) to evaluate the risk of pressure sores and pressure sore prevention in patients receiving LTHNC. BACKGROUND: LTHNC is a form of care for chronically ill persons staying at home who do not need hospitalisation, but due to their health problems they require regular nursing care that can be provided at home. DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study. METHODS: A document research method was used. We collected data from the medical records of 1,058 patients receiving LTHNC at the Non-Public Health Care Centre OMNI-MED in Bialystok (Poland) for the years 2005-2012. RESULTS: Detailed analysis of scores on the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index revealed significant improvement in patient functional status as a result of LTHNC. In patients aged 65-80, the Barthel score increased by 8.83 points, and in patients aged 64 years and younger, the score increased by 6.58 points (p < 0.001). In the oldest patients (>80 years), functional status improved the least, gaining a mean of 4.97 points on the Barthel scale. Overall, the demonstrated improvement of patient functional status and reduced risk of pressure sore development provide evidence that LTHNC is an effective form of care for elderly and chronically ill persons staying at home. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study represent a positive example of the way good nursing care can benefit patients while promoting the autonomous nature of nursing. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results add to our understanding of the functioning of LTHNC by providing relevant scientific evidence which may contribute to the development of community nursing.