Male homosexual psychodynamics and the Rorschach test.

A review of contradictory findings regarding Wheeler's Rorschach content signs of male homosexuality suggested that negative findings may have resulted from a focus on homosexual populations characterized by minimal arousal of underlying unconscious conflicts. It was hypothesized that activating these unconscious psychodynamics would enhance the discriminative power of the Wheeler signs. Inkblot protocols obtained in an earlier study from matched groups of homosexuals and heterosexuals under two experimental conditions -- involving subliminal exposure of either an incest-related or a neutral control stimulus -- were scored for Wheeler signs. The incest condition brought about a significantly greater incidence of the signs in homosexual records only, suggesting that the intensification of unconscious incest wishes stimulates homosexual reactions, consonant with psychoanalytic formulations.

Beyond sexual freedom: clinical fallout.

This paper is a critical evaluation of the nature and meaning of various radical changes in sexual customs and behavior and their clinical consequences. The author contends that many of the revolutional changes demonstrate a complete and disastrous disregard of knowledge gained through painstaking psychodynamic and psychoanalytic investigations over the past 75 years.

[Etiopathogenesis of true male homosexuality (androgenic insufficiency?)]. / Etiopatogenia del homosexualismo masculino genuino (insuficiencia androgénica)

Clinical and experimental studies have suggested the author the possibility that an androgenic insufficiency, during embryogenesis or the perinatal period, may be a determinant factor in the pathogenesis of the anomalies of homosexual behavior. In the author's opinion, the androgenic anomalies seen in the genuine male homosexual have no pathogenic significance, but are a repetition of what occured during embryogenesis of the perinatal period, at the time when these anomalies had a pathogenic role.

Iatrogenic homosexuality: gender identity in seven 46,XX chromosomal females with hyperadrenocortical hermaphroditism born with a penis, three reared as boys, four reared as girls.

This paper describes seven chromosomal and gonadal females with the adrenogenital syndrome who were born with a penis as a result of extreme fetal androgenization. Four of them were reared as girls and differentiated a female gender identity with tomboyism. The other three were reared as boys, differentiated a male gender identity, and performed sexually as men with women partners. Even though these men are by no means homosexual in the everyday meaning of the term, the sexual relation is homosexual on the criteria of chromosomal and gonadal sex. The prenatal hormonal environment as well as the social experience of the rearing have thus demonstrated a formula for creating the perfect female homosexual.

A social episode model of human sexual behavior.

A social episode model of sexual behavior is proposed with emphasis placed on arousal as a crucial variable. This model argues against a disease or deficiency concept of homosexuality. However, the authors also hold that it may be coercive to push clients to accept their homosexuality, and that a therapist should adequately respond to a valid sexual orientation request. The social-sexual episode is divided into two relatively independent stages, preparatory and consummatory. A mathematical analysis is included, and the model is related to Freeman and Meyer (1975) wherein changes in sexual preferences were successfully made. Other validation sources for the model are presented.

The self as a transitional object: its relationship to narcissism and homosexuality.

Men with significant narcissistic and homosexual trends can show a tendency to experience a part of the self as a transitional object. Specifically, these men regard themselves as dolls. Excerpts from three psychoanalytic cases are offered to demonstrate this clinical finding. It is believed that this occurrence represents a significant arrest in the development of the self. The recognition, interpretation, and reduction of this transitional phenomenon constitutes a significant therapeutic experience in the analyses of these men.

Object choice and actual bisexuality.

Actual bisexuality is to be distinguished from homosexuality in a latent state and from conscious bisexual fantasies. Contemporary social changes have caused an increased demand for help for those men and women capable of engaging in protracted heterosexual and homosexual relations. Among such people narcissistic and borderline states are common. Clinical material is presented in some detail. The author suggests that the condition is associated with a tendency to be caught up between the anaclitic and narcissistic types of object choice. The concurrent involvement with a male and female love object against a background of pseudogenitality creates the illusory appearance of two objects being involved, covering up the fact that there is splitting of the original love object together with severe preoedipal disturbance.