ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are significant causes of morbidity. The aim of the study was to determine predictive factors of mortality in newborns with CAKUT. METHODS: All 29,653 consecutive newborns hospitalized in a tertiary neonatal unit between 1996 and 2006 were evaluated. The main outcome was neonatal mortality. The variables analyzed as risk factors were maternal age, first pregnancy, low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, oligohydramnios, and CAKUT associated with other malformations (Associated CAKUT). RESULTS: CAKUT was detected in 524 newborns, with an overall prevalence of 17.7 per 1,000 live births. A total of 325 (62%) cases were classified as urinary tract dilatation, 79 (15.1%) as renal cystic disease, and 120 (22.9%) as other subgroups. In the urinary tract dilatation subgroup, independent risk factors for early mortality were Associated CAKUT [odds ratio (OR) 20.7], prematurity (OR 4.5) LBW (OR 3.8), oligohydramnios (OR 3.0), and renal involvement (OR 3.0). In the renal cystic disease subgroup, two variables remained associated with neonatal mortality: LBW (OR 12.3) and Associated CAKUT (OR 21.4). CONCLUSION: The presence of extrarenal anomalies was a strong predictor of poor outcome in a larger series of infants with CAKUT.
Subject(s)
Infant Mortality , Kidney/abnormalities , Urinary Tract/abnormalities , Urogenital Abnormalities/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Dilatation, Pathologic , Female , Humans , Hydronephrosis/mortality , Infant, Newborn , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases, Cystic/mortality , Logistic Models , Male , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Urinary Tract/diagnostic imaging , Urogenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Urogenital Abnormalities/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of infants with antenatal hydronephrosis. Between May 1999 and June 2006, all patients diagnosed with isolated fetal renal pelvic dilatation (RPD) were prospectively followed. The events of interest were: presence of uropathy, need for surgical intervention, RPD resolution, urinary tract infection (UTI), and hypertension. RPD was classified as mild (5-9.9 mm), moderate (10-14.9 mm) or severe (>or=15 mm). A total of 192 patients was included in the analysis; 114 were assigned to the group of non-significant findings (59.4%) and 78 to the group of significant uropathy (40.6%). Of 89 patients with mild dilatation, 16 (18%) presented uropathy. Median follow-up time was 24 months. Twenty-seven patients (15%) required surgical intervention. During follow-up, UTI occurred in 27 (14%) children. Of 89 patients with mild dilatation, seven (7.8%) presented UTI during follow-up. Renal function, blood pressure, and somatic growth were within normal range at last visit. The majority of patients with mild fetal RPD have no significant findings during infancy. Nevertheless, our prospective study has shown that 18% of these patients presented uropathy and 7.8% had UTI during a medium-term follow-up time. Our findings suggested that, in contrast to patients with moderate/severe RPD, infants with mild RPD do not require invasive diagnostic procedures but need strict clinical surveillance for UTI and progression of RPD.
Subject(s)
Hydronephrosis/embryology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hydronephrosis/diagnostic imaging , Hydronephrosis/mortality , Infant , Kidney Pelvis/embryology , Kidney Pelvis/physiopathology , Male , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Urinary Tract/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
With the increasing use of obstetric echography fetal hydronephrosis has been reported more frequently. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors associated with adverse outcome, such as renal failure and death, in fetal hydronephrosis. One hundred and forty-eight children with fetal hydronephrosis were admitted, submitted to a systematic protocol, and prospectively followed. Prognostic factors associated with fetal echography and clinical and laboratory findings on admission were studied. The median follow-up was 39 months. The analysis was conducted in two steps. In a univariate analysis, variables associated with adverse outcome were identified by the Kaplan-Meier method. The variables that were significantly associated with adverse outcome were then included in a multivariate analysis. This analysis, using the multivariate Cox's model, was performed to identify variables that were independently associated with a worse prognosis. Only variables that remained independently associated with adverse outcome were included in the final model. After final adjustment by Cox's multivariate model, three variables were identified as independent predictors of adverse outcome: oligohydramnios, prematurity, and glomerular filtration rate lower than 20 ml/min. Thus, in the presence of oligohydramnios, prematurity, and abnormal renal function, the medical team must plan appropriate follow-up for infants at health centers prepared to investigate and treat uropathies in newborns.
Subject(s)
Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Hydronephrosis/diagnosis , Hydronephrosis/embryology , Algorithms , Female , Fetal Diseases/mortality , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hydronephrosis/mortality , Infant, Newborn , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Pregnancy , Prognosis , Regression Analysis , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
O achado de hidronefrose é frequentemente observado no trato urinário fetal. Com a utilizaçäo crescente da ultra-sonografia obstétrica, a incidência desse diagnóstico tem se tornado ainda mais frequente. Para que os pacientes afetados por essa alteraçäo sejam abordados de forma adequada é necessário um conhecimento do curso clínico e do prognóstico da hidronefrose fetal. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar fatores prognósticos associados ao óbito e à insuficiência renal, denominados em conjunto como eventos adversos, na hidronefrose fetal. Fatores associados à presença de obstruçäo uretral, sabidamente a uropatia com pior prognóstico, também foram identificados. Em um período de 13 anos 148 crianças foram admitidas no estudo e submetidas a um protocolo previamente estabelecido. Fatores prognósticos relacionados às condiçöes maternas, ao ultra-som fetal, ao exame clínico no pós-natal e aos exames laboratoriais na admissäo foram sistematicamente obtidos. Esses fatores prognósticos foram determinados antes do diagnóstico definitivo da alteraçäo urológica associada à hidronefrose. Os pacientes foram seguidos periodicamente com uma mediana de acompanhamento de 36 meses. As variáveis associadas aos eventos adversos foram inicialmente identificadas, utilizando-se a estimativa de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier. Os fatores associados aos eventos adversos nessa análise univariada foram incluídos na análise multivariada, objetivando identificar variáveis preditivas de mau prognóstico, controlando-se outros fatores. A análise multivariada utilizada foi uma análise de sobrevida, empregando o modelo de regressäo de Cox. Após o ajustamento final pelo modelo multivariado de Cox, três variáveis demonstraram estar conjuntamente associadas aos eventos adversos no período de observaçäo: oligoidrâmnio, prematuridade e taxa de filtraçäo glomerular abaixo de 20 ml/min. Para identificaçäo dos fatores associados à presença de obstruçäo uretral, as variáveis foram, inicialmente, submetidas a uma análise univariada, utilizando-se o teste do qui-quadrado. As variáveis significativamente associadas à obstruçäo uretral na univariada análise foram incluídas na análise multivariada. Esta análise foi realizada utilizando-se o modelo de regressäo logística. Duas variáveis permaneceram associadas à obstruçäo uretral neste modelo: oligoidrâmnio e megabexiga na ecografia pré-natal...
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child , Fetus/abnormalities , Hydronephrosis/embryology , Academic Dissertation , Hydronephrosis/complications , Hydronephrosis/mortality , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Multivariate Analysis , Urethral Obstruction/etiology , Prognosis , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo: O achado de hidronefrose fetal tem sido observado cada vez com maior freqüência, e é provável que, com a melhoria dos equipamentos ecográficos, essa observaçäo seja crescente. Neste presente estudo, apresentamos uma avaliaçäo de crianças portadoras de hidronefrose fetal, com o objetivo de analisar as causas mais freqüentes de hidronefrose fetal e a evoluçäo a longo prazo. Métodos: Em um período de 13 anos, 148 crianças foram admitidas no estudo e submetidas a um protocolo previamente estabelecido: na admissäo, era iniciada a quimioprofilaxia e procedida a avaliaçäo de imagens do trato urinário, consistindo de realizaçäo de uretrocistografia miccional e ultra-som. Os estudos seqüenciais foram determinados pelos achados nessa avaliaçäo inicial...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Hydronephrosis/etiology , Hydronephrosis/mortality , Hydronephrosis/therapy , Longitudinal Studies , Survival Rate , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
Se presenta la revisión retrospectiva de 90 pacientes con hidronefrosis prenatal captados en el Hospital Universitario del Valle Evaristo García, Clínica Rafael Uribe Uribe del instituto de Seguros Sociales, Hospital Infantil Club Noel y en los consultorios particulares de tres nefrólogos pediatras de la ciudadde Cali entre el 1o. de enero de 1987 y el 30 de junio de 1995. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y los estudios imagenológicos durante el período prenatal y el seguimiento postnatal. Resultados: se estudiaron 90 pacientes con 127 unidades renales comprometidas. El promedio de edad materna es de 28 años y el 50 por ciento de ellas son primigestantes. La edad media en que se hizo el diagnóstico fue a las 30 mas o menos 5 semanas de gestación (20-40 semanas). Hubo predominio del sexo masculino en el 78 por ciento de los casos. Los diagnósticos prenatales más frecuentes fueron hidronefrosis unilateral (58 por ciento), hidronefrosis bilateral (26 por ciento) y riñón displásico multiquístico (14 por ciento). Luego de la evaluación postnatal con ecografía y cistouretrografía miccional cíclica, y estudios complementarios cuando se consideró necesario, los diagnósticos finales fueron hidronefrosis no obstructiva (43 por ciento), reflujo vesicoureteral (22 por ciento), hidronefrosis obstructiva (13 por ciento), riñón displásico multiquístico (8 por ciento), doble sistema colector (5 por ciento), otros (megauréter, secuencia de Potter, ectopia renal cruzada, ureterocele y divertículo paraureteral) (6 por ciento) y valvas de uretra posterior (3 por ciento). Los pacientes fueron discutidos en la Clínica de Nefro-Urología para definir conducta. Veintinueve pacientes (32 por ciento) requirieron corrección quirúrgica (12 pieloplastias, 11 reimplantes ureterales, tres polectomías, una fulguración de valvas, una vesicostomía y una nefrectomía). La función renal de los pacientes con hidronefrosis obstructiva se normalizó después de la cirugía. En el 23.3 por ciento de los casos (21 pacientes) se presentó infección urinaria en la fase inicial del estudio. En 70 pacientes se evaluó la función renal en el momento de entrada al estudio, siendo normal en el 96 por ciento; estaba disminuida en los dos pacientes con valvas de uretra posterior y en un paciente con reflujo vésico-ureteral grado IV bilateral.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Hydronephrosis , Hydronephrosis/classification , Hydronephrosis/congenital , Hydronephrosis/diagnosis , Hydronephrosis/drug therapy , Hydronephrosis/embryology , Hydronephrosis/mortality , Hydronephrosis/nursing , Hydronephrosis/physiopathology , Hydronephrosis/surgery , Hydronephrosis/therapyABSTRACT
Se reporta un caso de un recien nacido fallecido por insuficiencia renal aguda secundaria e hidronefrosis congenita bilateral, diagnosticado intrautero por ultrasonido como portador de enfermedad quistica renal. Se destaca la dificultad en la identificacion econografica entre hidronefrosis severa y el rinon poliquistico