Mechanisms of dyslipoproteinemias in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Autoimmunity and inflammation are associated with marked changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in SLE. Autoantibodies and cytokines are able to modulate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, with a consequent "lupus pattern" of dyslipoproteinemia characterized by elevated levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. This pattern favors an enhanced LDL oxidation with a subsequent deleterious foam cell formation. Autoantibodies and immunocomplexes may aggravate this oxidative injury by inducing accumulation and deposition of oxLDL in endothelial cells. Drugs and associated diseases usually magnify the close interaction of these factors and further promote the proatherogenic environment of this disease.

[The influence of a diet with including amaranth oil on antioxidant and immune status in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia].

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with amaranth oil on dynamic of antioxidant and immune status in 125 patients with ischemic heart disease and hyper-lipoproteidemia. The efficacy of diets with different contents of squalene (100, 200, 400, 600 mg per day) was compared. It was shown that antiatherosclerotic diet with inclusion 600 mg squalene has promoted the most positive changes of immune status. The consumption of 200-400 mg of squalene per day produced the more significant antioxidant effect.

[The study of influence of chitosan on clinical, metabolic and immune parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with chitosan on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diet with chitosan in patients with ishemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic, immune status, antropometric levels and lipid spectrum of blood. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes chitosan is rather perspective.

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as agents of innate immunity.

Bacterial endotoxin (i.e., lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) elicits dramatic responses in the host, including elevated plasma lipid levels due to increased synthesis and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the liver and inhibition of lipoprotein lipase. This cytokine-induced hyperlipoproteinemia, clinically termed the "lipemia of sepsis," was customarily thought to involve the mobilization of lipid stores to fuel the host response to infection. However, because lipoproteins can also bind and neutralize LPS, we have long postulated that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons) are also components of an innate, nonadaptive host immune response to infection. Recent research demonstrates the capacity of lipoproteins to bind LPS, protect against LPS-induced toxicity, and modulate the overall host response to this bacterial toxin.

[Effect of anti-atherosclerotic diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 from linseed oil on dynamics of natural antibodies to bradykinin and angiotensin II in blood serum of patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Vliianie protivoateroskleroticheskoi diety s PNZhK omega-3 l'nianogo masla na dinamiku estestvennykh antitel k bradikininu i angiotensinu II v syvorotke krovi bol'nykh serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

The dynamic of natural antibodies against bradykinin and angiotensin II in blood serum was studied in 124 patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and hypertension against a background of usage of basic and modified antiatherosclerotic diet during 4 weeks. Besides favorable influence to a clinical picture of the disease universal normalizing influence of antiatherosclerotic diet with addition of linseed oil, consisting in increase of lowered levels of natural antibodies against bradykinin and angiotensin II and decrease of their contents in blood serum under primary increased concentrations.

Dyslipoproteinemias in systemic lupus erythematosus: influence of disease, activity, and anticardiolipin antibodies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), disease activity, and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) on lipid profile, in order to identify patients with high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Fasting lipid profiles were performed in 36 consecutive female SLE patients without any therapy and 30 controls. Exclusion criteria were diabetes mellitus, CAD, liver or thyroid disease, ingestion of lipid-raising drugs, serum creatinine > or = 1.5 mg/dl, and proteinuria > or = 0.5 g/d. Disease activity was measured by SLEDAI. RESULTS: High levels of VLDL-C and TG and low levels of HDL-C, the 'lupus pattern', were observed in inactive SLE compared to controls (P < 0.05). Active disease enhanced this difference inducing a more striking increase in VLDL-C and TG levels and also a decrease in HDL-C and LDL-C levels compared to inactive SLE patients (P < 0.05), characterizing the 'active lupus pattern'. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between SLEDAI scores and all lipid fractions. Furthermore these lipid abnormalities were particularly associated with vasculitis. Lower HDL-C levels detected in IgG aCL+ patients compared to IgG aCL- patients were not confirmed by two-way analysis of variance which demonstrated that this difference was exclusively caused by disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that SLE patients have a lipid profile abnormality which is aggravated by disease activity and may reside in a defect of VLDL metabolism. This pattern of dyslipoproteinemia may increase the risk of developing coronary artery disease.

[Effect of diet including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the status of T-cell immunity in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperproteinemia]. / Vliianie diety s vkliucheniem polinenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot omega-3 na sostoianie T-kletochnogo immuniteta u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i giperlipoproteidemiiami.

Use of antisclerotic diet in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipidemia promoted positive changes of clinical symptoms of diseases, some parameters of lipid metabolism and T-cellular immunity. Including in diet polyunsaturated fatty acids promoted increasing of its hypolipidemic effect.

Autoimmune hyperlipidemia with inhibitory monoclonal antibodies against low density lipoprotein binding to fibroblasts in a case with multiple myeloma.

The mechanism of severe hyperlipidemia in a 54-year-old woman with multiple myeloma and monoclonal immunoglobulin A (IgA) gammopathy was investigated. Her plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were 29.7 mmol/l (1,150 mg/dl) and 11.9 mmol/l (1,060 mg/dl), respectively. Western blot analysis demonstrated that her low density lipoproteins (LDL) contained IgA. This IgA also was shown to bind to control LDL and inhibited 125I-LDL binding to fibroblasts, suggesting that by binding to the LDL, IgA interfered with LDL binding to LDL receptors. These findings indicate that an inhibitory monoclonal IgA against LDL binding may explain, at least in part, the severe hyperlipidemia observed in this case.

[Immunologically mediated induction of hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Immunooposredovannaia induktsiia giperlipoproteidemii.

The relationship of immune and metabolic processes, particularly, those of lipid metabolism, was studied in mice with diet induced hyperlipoproteinemia, leukemia-related immune deficiency and in situ formation of antigen-antibody complexes after immunostimulation. A marked immunosuppression was observed in mice on a high-cholesterol diet, but when immune complex formation was induced after antigen injection, a high level of nonesterified cholesterol and low density lipoproteins was obtained, whereas an increase in high density lipoproteins in leukemic mice was observed. It is concluded that there exists a certain mechanism of immunologically mediated induction of hyperlipoproteinemia, which leads to the inhibition of immune response by immunoregulatory lipoproteins under conditions of antigen stimulation.

Relationship between deficiency of thymus--dependent immune system factors and lipoprotein metabolism disturbances in patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Using immunological and biochemical methods, the existence was proved of a relationship between atherogenous types of hyperlipoproteinaemia and decrease of the functional activity of the T-component of the immune system in patients with ischaemic heart disease. In IHD patients without lipid metabolism disturbances the indicators of the functional activity of the thymus-dependent factor of the immune system were reduced to a much lesser extent. The results stress the role of thymus-dependent factors and lipids in the development of ischaemic heart disease.

[Research using immunogenetic markers in the basic risk factors for ischemic heart disease in a family]. / Issledovanie s ispol'zovaniem immunogeneticheskikh markerov osnovnykh faktorov riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa v sem'e.

The population-genetic analysis of 235 families of arbitrarily selected probands has been performed. These were males, aged 40-59 years, examined for the determination of CHD risk factors. The association of genetic markers with lipid content and BP level in different sex and age groups has been observed.

The association of hyperlipoproteinemia with dysimmunoglobulinemia.

In a study of the immunoglobulin concentrations in an urban population and in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia we observed significant positive correlations between serum triglycerides and IgA independent of sex, age and body weight. In men serum triglycerides also correlated with IgG and IgM, and serum cholesterol with IgA. The prevalence of hyper- and hypoimmunoglobulinemia was significantly higher in hyperlipidemic than in normolipemic subjects. We propose that the occurrence of hyperlipoproteinemia with hypoimmunoglobulinemia may be caused by different pathobiological mechanisms than the occurrence with hyperimmunoglobulinemia.

Response to fibrinolytic activity and factor VIII-related antigen to stimulation with desmopressin in hyperlipoproteinemia.

Impairment of fibrinolysis is supposed to contribute to CVD. In 38 hyperlipoproteinemic patients, known to be at risk for early CVD, fibrinolytic activity was measured before and after stimulation with DDAVP. A negative correlation was found between serum triglyceride levels and fibrinolytic activity, both before and after DDAVP. A subnormal activity was invariably found when serum triglyceride concentration was above 8 mmol/L. The defect can be attributed to low levels of extrinsic plasminogen activator. High cholesterol levels were not associated with impairment of fibrinolysis. Fibrinolytic activity and response to DDAVP were lowest in those patients with hypertriglyceridemia who also had a tendency to develop hyperchylomicronemia. (type V/IV). The low fibrinolytic activity in this type of hyperlipoproteinemia cannot be explained by obesity. Factor VIII was higher than normal in most patients with hyperlipoproteinemia; the level increased after stimulation with DDAVP in every patient. This imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis might increase the risk of CVD.