Subject(s)
Choledochal Cyst/complications , Hypertension, Portal/diagnostic imaging , Liver Diseases/complications , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Adult , Choledochal Cyst/embryology , Female , Fetus/physiopathology , Humans , Hypertension, Portal/embryology , Hypertension, Portal/etiology , Liver Diseases/congenital , Liver Diseases/embryology , Pregnancy , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methodsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains elusive and no definite trigger has been identified. There are no studies to date examining the potential role of closure of the ductus venosus (DV), its effect on increasing portal venous pressure (PVP) and its association to mesenteric venous ischemia in the development of NEC. Our aim was to develop an animal model to examine this physiology. METHODS: Fifteen near-term lambs were used. The DV was occluded in experimental animals by a balloon tip catheter, while the sham controls underwent catheterization without DV occlusion. Vital signs and PVP were monitored for 4h, followed by intestinal biopsy. RESULTS: The experimental group (n=5) demonstrated a significant increase in PVP following DV occlusion (11.87 mm Hg [95% CI: 11.40-12.34]), compared to controls (8.95 mm Hg [95% CI: 8.34-9.56]) (F=12.16, p=0.001). Histology of the terminal ileum showed vacuolar degeneration, indicative of reversible cellular damage in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that DV closure in the neonatal lamb leads to transient portal hypertension which is associated with cellular damage and inflammatory changes of the intestinal mucosa. Additional studies will be necessary to determine if the transient portal hypertension following DV closure leads to clinically apparent intestinal ischemia and NEC.
Subject(s)
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology , Fetal Heart , Hypertension, Portal/complications , Umbilical Veins/embryology , Vena Cava, Inferior/embryology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/embryology , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology , Hypertension, Portal/embryology , Ileum/pathology , Linear Models , Multivariate Analysis , Sheep , Umbilical Veins/physiology , Vena Cava, Inferior/physiologyABSTRACT
We speculate on the final meaning of the alterations that characterize portal hypertensive enteropathy. The similarity of these alterations with certain morphofunctional characteristics of prenatal splanchnic development makes it possible to hypothesize that the dedifferentiation with return to early stages of development could constitute a portal hypertension induced pathogenic mechanism.
