Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 43
Filter
1.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1310376, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38720887

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is one of the malignant tumors with the worst prognosis in head and neck cancers. The transformation from normal tissue through low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to cancerous tissue in HSCC is typically viewed as a progressive pathological sequence typical of tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the alterations in diverse cell clusters within the tissue microenvironment (TME) throughout tumorigenesis and their impact on the development of HSCC are yet to be fully understood. Methods: We employed single-cell RNA sequencing and TCR/BCR sequencing to sequence 60,854 cells from nine tissue samples representing different stages during the progression of HSCC. This allowed us to construct dynamic transcriptomic maps of cells in diverse TME across various disease stages, and experimentally validated the key molecules within it. Results: We delineated the heterogeneity among tumor cells, immune cells (including T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells), and stromal cells (such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells) during the tumorigenesis of HSCC. We uncovered the alterations in function and state of distinct cell clusters at different stages of tumor development and identified specific clusters closely associated with the tumorigenesis of HSCC. Consequently, we discovered molecules like MAGEA3 and MMP3, pivotal for the diagnosis and treatment of HSCC. Discussion: Our research sheds light on the dynamic alterations within the TME during the tumorigenesis of HSCC, which will help to understand its mechanism of canceration, identify early diagnostic markers, and discover new therapeutic targets.


Subject(s)
Carcinogenesis , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms , Single-Cell Analysis , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Humans , Male , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Carcinogenesis/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics , Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/genetics , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/immunology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology , Transcriptome , Tumor Microenvironment/immunology , Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
2.
Immunotherapy ; 15(9): 641-645, 2023 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37139989

ABSTRACT

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy, have demonstrated optimal treatment efficacy in inducing durable antitumor responses in various cancers. Cytokine-release syndrome is a rare immune-related adverse event induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. In our case, a patient with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma received toripalimab combined with chemotherapy. On the fourth day post treatment, the patient developed fever and hypotension. Laboratory examination indicated myelosuppression, acute kidney injury and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Meanwhile, serum cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ß, IFN-γ and the level of hypersensitive C-reactive protein were markedly elevated. The patient was diagnosed with cytokine release syndrome, which progressed rapidly and led to the patient's demise on the fifth day post treatment.


Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown revolutionary efficacy in the treatment of multiple cancers. Cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) is a common and lethally adverse event of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy; however, this adverse effect is rare in ICI therapy. Presently, while ICI-associated CRS is reported almost exclusively in case reports, fatal outcomes are rarely observed. A patient with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma received toripalimab combined with chemotherapy. On the fourth day post treatment, the patient developed CRS, which progressed rapidly, and the patient died on the fifth day post treatment.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Cytokine Release Syndrome , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Cytokine Release Syndrome/chemically induced , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/drug therapy , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/immunology , Cytokines/blood , Immunotherapy/adverse effects
3.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 97: 107675, 2021 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33964809

ABSTRACT

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) seriously affect the life quality of patients. Nowadays, immunotherapy is widely used in the treatment of cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) play key roles in the immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, study has reported that the upregulation of PD-L1 and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclase 1 (APE1) are associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. In the present study, the number of CD3+ T lymphocytes and the expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 in LSCC and HSCC were detected in clinical samples. In addition, the expressions of PD-L1 and APE1 and their correlation were explored. The results showed that PD-1+ T lymphocytes were wildly infiltrated and PD-L1 was overexpressed in LSCC and HSCC tissues. PD-1 had a positive correlation with cancer progression, and glottic and subglottic LSCC tissues might have a more active immune microenvironment. Moreover, the results showed that upregulated co-expression of PD-L1 and APE1 was a biomarker of LSCC, and APE1 could regulate the expression of PD-L1 through NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the combine detection of the expressions of PD-1, PD-L1 and APE1 will provide predictive value for the treatment of LSCC and HSCC via immune checkpoint inhibitors, which will help us to identify the patient population more likely to benefit from the immune checkpoint inhibitors based on the tumor immune microenvironment.


Subject(s)
B7-H1 Antigen/genetics , DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase/metabolism , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/immunology , B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors , B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Disease Progression , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism , Signal Transduction/genetics , Signal Transduction/immunology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/diagnosis , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/genetics , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy , Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects , Tumor Microenvironment/genetics , Tumor Microenvironment/immunology , Up-Regulation/drug effects , Up-Regulation/immunology
4.
Oral Oncol ; 111: 104945, 2020 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32769036

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the tumor genomic, immunologic expression, and risk factors of treatment outcomes for patients with double head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: We reviewed patients with double HNSCC and ESCC between 1995 and 2014. The TP53 genomic mutation, CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of paired HNSCC and ESCC were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 116 patients (57 metachronous and 59 synchronous) were included. There were 88 (75.86%) patients with HNSCC and 80 (68.97%) with ESCC harboured TP53 disruptive mutation. Nearly 106 (91.38%) patients had different clonality of TP53 mutation in paired HNSCC and ESCC. The immunologic expression of synchronous and metachronous patients was significantly different. Compared to the metachronous patients, the synchronous patients had significantly higher HNSCC CD8+ TIL (p = 0.03), ESCC CD8+ TIL (p < 0.001), HNSCC PD-L1+ tumor proportion score (TPS, p = 0.04), and ESCC PD-L1+ TPS (p = 0.04). Furthermore, among the synchronous patients, the immunologic expression between HNSCC and ESCC was significantly correlated. The CD8+ TIL and PD-L1 TPS had strongly (r = 0.63, p < 0.0001) and moderately (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) positive correlations, respectively. Finally, advanced stage (III/IV) HNSCC was a significant factor for disease-free (p = 0.03) and overall survival (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: In patients with double HNSCC and ESCC, nearly all HNSCC and ESCC were of multicentric origin. For the synchronous patients, there was more adaptive immune resistance in HNSCC and ESCC. The immunologic expression between paired HNSCC and ESCC was also significantly correlated.


Subject(s)
Esophageal Neoplasms , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma , Genes, p53/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Mutation/genetics , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , Disease-Free Survival , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Esophageal Neoplasms/immunology , Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/genetics , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/immunology , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/mortality , Female , Genotyping Techniques , Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Immunity, Cellular , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/cytology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/immunology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/mortality , Phenotype , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/genetics , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/immunology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/mortality , Tongue Neoplasms/genetics , Tongue Neoplasms/immunology , Treatment Outcome
5.
BMC Cancer ; 20(1): 731, 2020 Aug 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32758195

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cancer cells induce the infiltration of various immune cells that are located or distributed in different sites and play multiple roles, which have recently been proposed to predict clinical outcomes. We therefore studied the prognostic significance of the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the ratios between different types of immune cells in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC). METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 132 consecutive patients diagnosed with advanced HPSCC in 2013-2017. Tumoural parenchyma was immunohistochemically counted manually for the number of CD8, CD4 and Foxp3 cells. The ratios of CD8/Foxp3 and CD8/CD4 ratios were calculated for each specimen and analyzed with respect to patient clinicopathological variables and prognosis. RESULTS: HPSCC patients with high levels of TILs showed evident correlations with well differentiated tumors (P < 0.05). Moreover, Foxp3+ TIL is also associated with overall staging group and T category (P = 0.048 and P = 0.046, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high CD8 and FoxP3 infiltration correlated with favourable overall survival (OS, P = 0.019 and P = 0.001), disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.045 and P = 0.028) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, P = 0.034 and P = 0.009), respectively, but only Foxp3 displayed prognostic significance for DMFS in multivariate analysis (MVA). In the lymphocyte ratio analysis, CD8/Foxp3 appeared to play a pivotal role, and patients with a high CD8/Foxp3 ratio had a superior 3-year DFS and DMFS compared with those a low CD8/Foxp3 ratio in both univariate analysis (UVA) and MVA (P = 0.015 and P = 0.011). A high CD8/CD4 ratio was associated with better DFS and local relapse-free survival (LRFS) in UVA, and was an independent prognostic factor for improved LRFS in MVA (P = 0.040). CONCLUSION: Although high TILs levels were determined to be prognostically significant in advanced HPSCC, the ratios of these subsets may be more informative. Particularly, a higher ratio of CD8/Foxp3 accurately predicts prognosis for improved DFS and DMFS, and an increased CD8/CD4 ratio is an independent predictor for favourable LRFS.


Subject(s)
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Immunity, Cellular , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating , Adult , Aged , CD4-CD8 Ratio , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Female , Forkhead Transcription Factors , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/immunology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/mortality , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/surgery
6.
Oral Oncol ; 102: 104560, 2020 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31923855

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Limited information is available regarding programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC). Therefore, we investigated the expression of PD-L1 and the volume of TILs in HPSCC to determine whether these biomarkers were associated with patient clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. Furthermore, we explored p16 status and analyzed its possible correlations with clinical outcomes. METHODS: Tissues of 111 HPSCC patients were immunohistochemically analyzed for PD-L1, CD8, CD4, and Foxp3 expression to assess the microenvironment. We also assessed the p16 status. The expression of PD-L1 and TILs were analyzed with respect to patient clinicopathologic variables and prognosis. RESULTS: Twenty-four (21.6%) patients had PD-L1 expression in ≥1% of tumor cells. PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated with a high level of TILs (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher CD8+ and FoxP3+ TIL infiltration was strongly associated with superior overall survival (OS, P = 0.005 and P = 0.008) and disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.015 and P = 0.048). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that CD8+ TIL exhibited strong prognostic significance. The combination of PD-L1+ with CD8high expression was a prognostic factor and was associated with better OS (P = 0.025). Moreover, p16 positivity was detected in five patients (4.5%) and was only occasionally involved in HPSCC. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that high CD8 and FoxP3 expression in HPSCC contributes to longer patient survival. Although PD-L1 expression was not associated with outcome, PD-L1 positivity in combination with CD8high expression may have greater predictive potential.


Subject(s)
B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/immunology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , CD4 Antigens/metabolism , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , CD8 Antigens/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/mortality
7.
Cancer Lett ; 461: 144-152, 2019 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31325530

ABSTRACT

CD271, known as a neurotrophin receptor, is expressed in various cancers such as hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) and melanoma. We recently reported that CD271 is a cancer-stem-cell biomarker of HPC, and that its expression is essential for cancer-cell proliferation and is correlated with a poor prognosis in this disease. Here, to develop a therapeutic antibody to CD271, we established a humanized anti-CD271 monoclonal antibody (hCD271 mA b). hCD271 mA b bound to the cysteine-rich domain 1 (CRD1) of human CD271 with high affinity (KD = 1.697 × 10-9 M). In vitro, hCD271 mA b exerted antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against SP2/0-CD271 (human CD271-transduced mouse cell line). Treatment with hCD271 mA b also exerted anti-tumor activity in graft models of three cell lines (HPCM2 (patient-derived xenograft cell line of hypopharyngeal cancer), MeWo-Luc (melanoma cell line), and SP2/0-CD271) in mice, resulting in smaller tumors compared to controls and reduced numbers of CD271-positive cells. Collectively, these data suggest that an antibody targeting CD271 is a promising therapeutic strategy.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology , Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Melanoma/drug therapy , Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects , Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunology , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Female , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/immunology , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Melanoma/immunology , Melanoma/metabolism , Melanoma/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred NOD , Mice, SCID , Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
8.
Head Neck ; 41(7): 2380-2388, 2019 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30737970

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are currently no data predicting chemosensitivity of induction chemotherapy (ICT) for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). METHODS: Associations between immune cells and overall response (OR) to ICT and changes in immune cells during ICT were observed in 40 patients with hypopharyngeal SCC undergoing ICT. RESULTS: CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell and regulatory T-cell (Treg) frequencies reached diagnostic accuracy for OR to ICT. OR rate was significantly higher in CD4+ -high T cell, CD8+ -high T cell, and low Treg groups. A transient reduction in Tregs and increases in Tregs in the non-OR and OR groups were observed during the course of ICT. Conversely, increases in CD8+ T cells and reductions in CD8+ T cells in the non-OR and OR groups were observed. CONCLUSION: High CD4+ T-cell, high CD8+ T-cell, and low Treg frequencies can be predictors for high efficacy of ICT in patients with hypopharyngeal SCC.


Subject(s)
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Induction Chemotherapy , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Docetaxel/administration & dosage , Female , Flow Cytometry , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies
9.
Acta Otolaryngol ; 138(8): 734-740, 2018 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29607744

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to analyze the clinical characteristics and pretreatment peripheral blood cell counts of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) and determine their relationship with clinical outcomes. METHODS: One hundred ninety-seven patients were eligible for the study. The relationship between survival and pretreatment peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, t-test, and univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 30.95 months (range 1-82 months). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 40.8, 51.0, and 48.1%, respectively. The ANC, AMC, NLR, and LMR were significantly associated with tumor stage and clinical stage (p < .05). A high NLR (≥2.69) and low LMR (<2.98) were significantly associated with poor DFS, CSS, and OS. The LMR was a significant independent prognostic factor for DFS, CSS, and OS (p = .035, .047, and .045, respectively). CONCLUSION: The pretreatment LMR should be considered as an independent prognostic factor for patients with HPSCC.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , China/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Lymphocyte Count , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies
10.
Anticancer Res ; 34(7): 3365-70, 2014 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24982341

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The antitumor activity of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells immunotherapy is not always effective in all patients, especially when used alone. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antitumor activities of a combination of LAK immunotherapy and gene therapy employing an adenovirus carrying the p53 gene (Ad-p53) in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro cytotoxicity of LAK cells was tested in H891 cells infected with or without Ad-p53, and the mRNA expression levels of natural killer group 2D ligands (UL16 binding protein (ULBP) 1 to 5) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in these cells were measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Ad-p53 infection increased the cytotoxicity of LAK cells against H891 cells, and also increased the mRNA expression levels of the ULBPs in H891 cells and TNF-α in the LAK cells. CONCLUSION: The antitumor activities of LAK cells in H891 cells were enhanced by Ad-p53. CONCLUSION: The combinational therapy of LAK immunotherapy and Ad-p53 gene therapy may represent a new paradigm for the treatment of head and neck cancer.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Genes, p53 , Genetic Therapy/methods , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods , Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/immunology , Adenoviridae/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Cell Line, Tumor , Combined Modality Therapy , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , GPI-Linked Proteins/biosynthesis , GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/biosynthesis , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
11.
PLoS One ; 8(9): e71048, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24019861

ABSTRACT

To assess the expression of COX-2,CD44v6 and CD147 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and the three biomarkers correlation with tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis of Chinese people. 101 cases of surgically excised primary tumor were included in this study, and 40 tissues of epithelium adjacent to carcinoma were used as controls. We characterized the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, CD44v6, and CD147 in 141 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and measured the mean optical density (OD) of the positive area to identify the expression of the three bio-markers and relationship with tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. Our study demonstrates that the expression of the COX-2 and CD147 were significantly increased in carcinoma tissues compared to the epithelium adjacent to carcinoma. We also observed that the expression of COX-2, CD44v6, and CD147 were significantly associated with T classification, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. There was strong significant correlation among the three biomarkers as well. Additionally, we indicated that recurrence and ≥ P50 level of COX-2 expression had an independent prognostic effect on prognosis. In conclusion, the three biomarkers play important roles in tumor invasion and lymph node metastases and might be valuable indicators of tumor metastasis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Basigin/immunology , Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/enzymology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Survival Analysis
12.
Int J Oncol ; 38(5): 1219-26, 2011 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21344157

ABSTRACT

B7-H3 is a member of the B7 family thought to be a co-regulatory factor of antigen-specific T-cell immune response via co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors. We evaluated its potential expression in head and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines, and in clinical tissue samples obtained from 37 patients with human hypopharyngeal SCC. All head and neck SCC cell lines tested expressed both the B7-H3 gene and cell surface protein. The staining intensity of immunoreactivity by tumor cells was blindly evaluated by two head and neck surgeons and the results were categorized into 4 grades according to staining intensity. Eighty-seven percent of patients expressed B7-H3. B7-H3 expression was inversely correlated with the number of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T-cells (r=-0.4339, p=0.023). Patients who developed distant metastasis after tumor-free periods showed significantly higher B7-H3 expression scores compared to patients who did not develop distant metastasis during follow-up periods (p=0.048). Distant metastasis control ratio in patients with strong B7-H3 expression was significantly lower compared to that in patients with no to intermediate B7-H3 expression (p=0.040). Cause-specific survival ratio in patients with strong B7-H3 expression was significantly lower compared to that in patients with no to intermediate B7-H3 expression (p=0.028). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that strong B7-H3 expression was an independent prognostic factor in tumor-specific death in hypopharyngeal SCC (hazard ratio: 9.803, confidence interval: 0.018-0.539, p=0.0110).


Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/physiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Receptors, Immunologic/physiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antigens, CD/analysis , Antigens, CD/genetics , B7 Antigens , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Female , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prognosis , Receptors, Immunologic/analysis , Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
13.
Am J Otolaryngol ; 31(6): 410-7, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20015794

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was designed to find a reliable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin (Ig) G-based diagnostic/screening test for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) able to demarcate between the NPC-related seropositivity of EBV IgG antibodies and that of other head and neck cancer (HNCA) and control groups. The NPC-associated immunosuppression affects EBV IgA much more than IgG, leading to inconsistent detection of NPC using EBV IgA antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-two HNCA patients, 42 NPC, 66 laryngeal carcinoma, and 14 hypopharyngeal carcinoma and 3 groups of 100 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to find a specific cutoff value for the NPC-related seropositivity of EBV IgG antibodies. RESULTS: NPC group showed higher serum level of EBV IgG antibodies than control and other HNCA groups (P < .05). However, the traditional cutoff value, mean + 2 SDs of control subjects, failed to demarcate the seropositives of NPC patients from those of healthy population (P > .05). The new cutoff value, mean + 2 SDs of the seropositives group of control subjects who had already been grouped by the traditional cutoff value, proved successful. It succeeded to demarcate between the NPC-related EBV IgG seropositivity and that issued from the persistent, latent, or reactivated EBV infection in the population (P < .05). The sensitivity/specificity of NPC detection by the new cutoff-based ELISA kit, 76.19% and 86%, was close or higher than that of EBV IgA antibodies. CONCLUSION: EBV IgG-based ELISA could be used for the diagnosis of NPC using a new cutoff threshold that excludes the population baseline of EBV IgG seropositivity.


Subject(s)
Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Antibodies/analysis , Carcinoma , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity
14.
Oral Oncol ; 45(10): e167-74, 2009 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19576838

ABSTRACT

he purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic influence of various subtypes of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in head and neck cancer, in particular the potential influence of regulatory T cells (Treg) in relation to different treatment modalities was addressed. A total of 115 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oro- and hypopharynx were selected. A low-risk group of 62 patients with early disease was treated by primary surgery followed by external radiotherapy. A high-risk group of 53 inoperable patients with advanced disease was treated by primary radiochemotherapy. Two-hundred and forty biopsy samples were evaluated by use of the tissue-micro-array technique employing the following markers: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, FOXP3, Granzyme B. In the low-risk group high CD20+ infiltration was associated with a significantly better NED-survival rate (p=0.02). Contrary, among high-risk patients low CD20+ counts indicated significantly better survival (p=0.03). Additionally, in the low-risk group higher numbers of intraepithelial CD8+ TIL (>66.6 per thousand) led to improved NED-survival of 95% vs. 52% (p=0.005). The impact of TIL on prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer may be affected by type of treatment and stage of disease. This finding will influence future studies on the role of TIL in human cancers.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
15.
J Laryngol Otol Suppl ; (31): 5-10, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19460197

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of dendritic cell phenotypic antigens in the cervical lymph nodes of patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma, and to assess the significance of such antigens in the tumour immune reaction. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of cervical lymph nodes was performed using antibodies against cell surface markers such as S-100 protein and cluster of differentiation 1a and 83 glycoproteins. Two hundred and seventy-four cervical lymph nodes obtained at surgery from 37 patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma and 31 patients with laryngeal carcinoma were thus evaluated. RESULTS: The number of dendritic cells positive for each phenotypic antigen was significantly greater in non-metastatic lymph nodes than in metastatic lymph nodes. In the metastatic lymph nodes, cluster of differentiation 1a glycoprotein positive dendritic cells were predominantly detected in the cancer 'nest', whereas mature dendritic cells staining for cluster of differentiation 83 glycoprotein were prominent in the peritumour area. In the metastatic lymph nodes, in contrast to the cluster of differentiation 1a glycoprotein positive dendritic cells, the degree of infiltration of cluster of differentiation 83 glycoprotein positive dendritic cells was significantly higher in the peritumour area than in the cancer nest. There was a significant difference in survival status, comparing patients with different degrees of dendritic cell infiltration for each type of phenotypic antigen. CONCLUSIONS: Dendritic cells may play different roles in tumour immunity against hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma. The phenotypic antigens of dendritic cells may thus constitute important indices with which to predict the prognosis of patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/immunology , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Lymph Nodes/immunology , S100 Proteins/immunology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Statistics as Topic
16.
World J Surg Oncol ; 7: 25, 2009 Mar 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19261178

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent studies revealed a predictive value of lymphatic vessel invasion (L1) for the nodal metastasizing and poor prognosis in malignant tumors at different sites. The monoclonal antibody D2-40 (podoplanin) stains specifically endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels and improves the search for L1. However, the importance of this immunohistochemical staining was not investigated in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of larynx and hypopharynx. AIM: This study was performed to compare the diagnostic potential of conventional and immunohistochemical determination of L1 in SCC of larynx and hypopharynx with special respect to the predictive value for nodal metastasizing and prognosis. METHODS: 119 SCCs of the larynx (n = 70) respectively hypopharynx (n = 49) were investigated. The lymphatic vessel invasion was assessed by conventional method (HE stain) and immunohistochemical staining with an antibody against D2-40 (DAKO, Germany). Immunohistochemistry was performed in accordance with manufacturer's protocol. L1 was searched microscopically in a standardized magnification (x200) in serial sections of tumor samples (1 section per cm tumor diameter). RESULTS: The immunohistochemical investigation did not show significant advantages for the prediction of regional nodal metastases. Despite a low sensitivity (< 50%) in both methods, the specificity can reach 80%. The negative predictive value in both methods seems acceptable (up to 80%), whereas the positive predictive value is not higher than 64%. Cases with L1 detected either conventionally or immunohistochemically did not show a significant shorter survival than cases with L0. However, a non-significant shorter survival was found. Only in SCC of hypopharynx, a combination of both methods revealed patients with a significant worse prognosis. CONCLUSION: The status of lymphatic vessel invasion should be documented in standardized tumor reports. A benefit of an additional immunohistochemical investigation was not found, for the daily routine HE-stain seems sufficient.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lymphangiogenesis/immunology , Lymphatic Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Female , Germany , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Laryngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Lymphatic Diseases/immunology , Lymphatic Diseases/metabolism , Lymphatic Metastasis , Lymphatic Vessels/immunology , Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism , Lymphatic Vessels/pathology , Male , Prognosis
17.
BMC Public Health ; 8: 400, 2008 Dec 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19055849

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and other head and neck cancer (HNCA) types show a great epidemiological variation in different regions of the world. NPC has multifactorial etiology and many interacting risk factors are involved in NPC development mainly Epstein Barr virus (EBV). There is a need to scrutinize the complicated network of risk factors affecting NPC and how far they are different from that of other HNCA types. METHODS: 122 HNCA patients and 100 control subjects were studied in the region of the Middle East. Three types of HNCA were involved in our study, NPC, carcinoma of larynx (CL), and hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC). The risk factors studied were the level of EBV serum IgG and IgA antibodies measured by ELISA, age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, histology, and family history of the disease. RESULTS: EBV serum level of IgG and IgA antibodies was higher in NPC than CL, HPC, and control groups (p < 0.01). NPC was associated with lymphoepithelioma (LE) tumors, males, regular alcohol intake, and regular smoking while CL and HPC were not (p < 0.05). CL and HPC were associated with SCC tumors (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NPC, unlike CL and HPC groups, was not affected by the positive family history of HNCA (p > 0.05). The serum levels of EBV IgG and IgA antibodies were higher in LE tumors, regular smokers, younger patients, and negative family history groups of NPC patients than SCC tumors, non-regular smokers, older patients and positive family history groups respectively (p < 0.05) while this was not found in the regular alcoholics (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that risk factors of NPC deviate much from that of other HNCA. EBV, smoking, alcohol intake, LE tumors, male patient, and age > 54 years were hot risk factors of NPC while SCC and positive family history of the disease were not. Earlier incidence, smoking, LE tumors, and negative family history of the disease in NPC patients were associated much clearly with EBV. It is proposed that determining the correct risk factors of NPC is vital in assigning the correct risk groups of NPC which helps the early detection and screening of NPC.


Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/virology , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antigens, Viral, Tumor/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology , Female , Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Incidence , Iraq/epidemiology , Jordan/epidemiology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Smoking/epidemiology , Young Adult
18.
Anticancer Res ; 27(1A): 431-6, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17352264

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The mortality from squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains high and almost unchanged throughout the last decades. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. One promising approach is the application of radio-labeled antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens. EpCAM is a transmembrane protein, which is overexpressed on almost all SCCHN, making it a suitable anchor molecule for targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT). The aim of this study was to establish an animal model to investigate the biodistribution and the therapeutic effect of a radio-labeled EpCAM-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mAb C215 was labeled with 131I and tested for its antitumor effect against established SCCHN xenografts in SCID mice. Initially, the biodistribution of the mAb in the tumor and different organs was determined with a gamma counter and was calculated as % injected dose/gram tissue. For therapeutic approaches 5, 15 or 25 MBq 131I-labeled mAb was injected as a single bolus into tumor-bearing mice. Control animals received either sodium chloride or the unlabeled mAb. The tumor growth and body weight of the animals were measured at various times after administration of the antibody. RESULTS: Initially, high activity was seen in all organs after systemic administration of 13I-C215. Over time general activity decreased whereas an accumulation of activity was seen in the tumor. Tumor growth was delayed in the groups receiving either 15 MBq or 25 MBq 131I-C215 relative to control groups and the 5 MBq group. However, animals in the high-dose groups suffered from treatment-related toxicity, which led to body weight loss of more than 20%. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that the EpCAM-specific radio-labeled mAb C215 is a promising tool to target SCCHN leading to significant tumor control. Further studies are necessary to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity of this new therapeutic approach.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Immunotoxins/pharmacology , Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Radioimmunotherapy/methods , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics , Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis , Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/metabolism , Immunotoxins/immunology , Immunotoxins/pharmacokinetics , Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Mice , Mice, SCID , Neoplasm Transplantation , Tissue Distribution , Transplantation, Heterologous
19.
Ai Zheng ; 25(10): 1300-2, 2006 Oct.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17059781

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: T-lymphocyte subsets and NK cell are the major forms of cellular immunity. Study of these 2 types of cells may lead to the better understanding of the function of cellular immunity in the onset and development of carcinoma. To a certain degree, there may be cellular immunodeficiency existing in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This study was to investigate the cellular immunity function in these patients. METHODS: T-lymphocyte subsets and NK activity were determined by flow cytometry in 78 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Blood samples of 20 non-tumor patients were used as control. RESULTS: The levels of CD4 lymphocyte subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, and NK activity were lower in carcinoma group than in control group, but CD8 lymphocyte level was higher in carcinoma group. The levels of CD4 lymphocyte subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, and NK activity were lower in T3-4 group than in T1-2 group, and lower in N+ group than in N0 group. The levels of CD4 lymphocyte subsets and CD4/CD8 ratio were decreased in the carcinoma with moderate or low differentiation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T-lymphocyte subsets and NK activity are inhibited, and the cellular immunology is suppressed in the patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Analyzing T-lymphocyte subsets and NK activity would be helpful to evaluate the cellular immunologic condition of these patients.


Subject(s)
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , CD4-CD8 Ratio , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Lymphocyte Activation , Male , Middle Aged
20.
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi ; 20(3): 110-3, 2006 Feb.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16646401

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Dendritic cells express many cell phenotypic antigens, they have different special function in the process of antigen present. The purpose of this study was to determine some DC phenotypic antigen in cervical lymphnodes in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and evaluate the relationship between the DC phenotypic antigen expression in hypopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and prognosis. METHOD: Envision HIS method was performed to detect the cell surface markers S-100, CD1a and CD83. 144 cervical lymph nodes obtained from 37 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma were evaluated. Furthermore, the relationship between CD45RO+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells was observed. RESULT: The number of S-100+ DCs, CD1a+ DCs and CD83+ DCs in the cases of lymphnode metastasis were fewer than those in non-lymphnode metastasis. There is a significant metastasis difference in statistics between lymphnode metastasis groupe and non-lymphnode metastasis group. The number of CD83+ DCs located at cancerous nest area were fewer than those at peritumor area in lymphnode metastasis groupe. There is a significant difference in statistics between them. The number of CD83+ DCs in the cases of survival group were more than those in obituary group. CD45RO+ T cells mainly distribute around CD83+ DCs. CONCLUSION: The expression of dendritic cells phenotypic antigens were significant difference in different areas in lymphnodes, may play difference role in tumor immunity against hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Dendritic cells phenotypic antigens were the important markers to predict the prognosis of the patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology , Lymph Nodes/immunology , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Dendritic Cells/metabolism , Female , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Immunophenotyping , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neck
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...