Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology , Cytomegalovirus , Ileal Diseases/pathology , Ileocecal Valve/pathology , Ulcer/pathology , Colitis/pathology , Colitis/virology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology , Humans , Ileal Diseases/virology , Ileocecal Valve/virology , Male , Medical Illustration , Middle Aged , Ulcer/virologySubject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Hemostatics/therapeutic use , Ileal Diseases/complications , Ileocecal Valve/pathology , Minerals/therapeutic use , Ulcer/complications , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cystitis/complications , Cystitis/drug therapy , Cystitis/surgery , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Fatal Outcome , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Humans , Ileal Diseases/therapy , Ileal Diseases/virology , Ileocecal Valve/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/virology , Sclerosing Solutions/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/complications , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/surgery , Ulcer/therapy , Ulcer/virology , Urinary DiversionABSTRACT
To detect and monitor the sequential changes in virus levels, a reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay using a TaqMan probe was carried out on frozen blood and tissues samples collected from calves experimentally infected with a non-cytopathic Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) genotype 1 strain. Blood samples were collected among days 1-14 post-inoculation (p.i). On day 3 p.i, viral RNA was detected in blood samples from six of the eight inoculated animals. Viral RNA was detected in all remaining inoculated animals between 5 and 12 days p.i. The levels of viral RNA increased along the experiment, with a maximal peak between 6 and 9 days p.i. Analysis of virus load in tissues collected from calves euthanized on days 3, 6, 9 and 14 p.i displayed that BVDV was detected on day 3 p.i, being especially abundant in tonsils and ileocaecal valve, highlighting the role of tonsils as the main earliest viral replication sites as well as the principal source for virus spread to other lymphoid tissues and visceral organs. Coinciding with the highest viraemia levels, the highest viral loads were recorded at 9 days p.i. in tonsils, ileal lymph nodes, distal ileum and spleen, showing the main role of these secondary lymphoid organs in the pathogenic mechanisms of BVDV. However, virus levels in the liver and lung increased only towards the end of the infection. This fact could influence in the appearance of bovine respiratory diseases because of the capacity of BVDV for enhancing susceptibility to secondary infections.
Subject(s)
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/virology , Colostrum , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral , Animals , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/blood , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/immunology , Cattle , Ileocecal Valve/virology , Ileum/virology , Liver/virology , Lung/virology , Lymph Nodes/virology , Male , Palatine Tonsil/virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Spleen/virology , Thymus Gland/virology , Tissue Distribution , Viral LoadABSTRACT
A rapid test has been developed based on the technique of latex immunoassay for the detection of Newcastle disease virus from suspected tissue suspensions. The latex particles were sensitised with globulins and were used for antigen detection. Of the 258 samples tested, 165 samples were positive by this kit which was compared for its efficacy with the standard OIE approved haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between the tests. The sensitivity and specificity of the developed test was 94.19% and 87.63% respectively.
