[The nerves of the paravasal fatty tissue of the human iliac vessels]. / Nervy paravazal'noi kletchatki podvzdoshnykh sosudov cheloveka.

The aim of the work was to concretize ideas of the anatomy of extraintramural nerve plexuses along the course of large iliac vessels. Three nerves with the diameter 0.6-2 mm were revealed running from the iliac plexus to the paravasal fat. Topographic anatomical characteristics of these formations and their interrelations with the well-known branches of the lumbar plexus are given with special reference to practical value of the results obtained. The relation of nerves of the paravasal fat to adventitia of the vessels, lymph nodes, fascial and muscular formations was studied.

Surgical anatomy of the internal oblique muscle: a practical approach.

In recent years pedicled and microvascular free muscle flaps, myocutaneous flaps, and vascularized bone grafts have become well accepted reconstructive techniques in the management of complex defects. The deep circumflex iliac artery-based internal oblique muscle pedicle flap, internal oblique free muscle pedicle flap, internal oblique free muscle flap, and the internal oblique-iliac crest microvascular free flap are the latest additions to the reconstructive surgeons' armamentarium. This report describes the surgical anatomy of the internal oblique muscle and the deep circumflex iliac artery from a practical viewpoint with particular emphasis on the vascular basis of the above mentioned flaps.

Vein to artery grafts. An experimental study of reinnervation of the graft wall.

Iliolumbar vein to iliac artery grafts were placed in 21 rats by microsurgical techniques. Graft innervation was examined at five time intervals between 1 and 32 weeks after surgery. Nerve fibers were demonstrated microscopically by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of catecholamines. The morphology and degree of graft innervation were assessed, semiquantitatively, relative to the contralateral iliac artery (control) within each animal. Nerves were seen in the graft region as early as 2 weeks, but it was not until 4 weeks that they were present along its length (5 mm). The formation of a nerve plexus in the adventitia surrounding the graft was evident at 8 weeks. By 16 weeks the degree of innervation in the graft had increased to a level that was greater than the control iliac artery in three of four animals examined. Grafts at 32 weeks were also hyperinnervated. However, the morphology of this innervation was different from the control arteries; nerve fibers were finer, not varicosed, and were located at a greater distance from the outer layer of smooth muscle cells. The origin of the nerves appeared to be collateral sprouts from nerves supplying the adjacent iliac vein and also from invading vasa vasorum. The host iliac artery nerve plexus did not contribute to graft innervation.

[Vasomotor innervation of the arteries and veins of Rana temporaria frogs]. / Sosudodvigatel'naia innervatsiia arterii i ven liagushki Rana temporaria.

Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of frog arteries and veins has been studied histochemically using glyoxilic acid and the method of Karnovsky--Roots. It was shown that the vessels studied differ in catecholamine-containing structures, the intensity of fluorescence of adrenergic nerve endings, the density of nervous plexus and the direction of nerve fibers. It was found that adrenergic innervation is present not only in the arteries, but in the veins as well. Morphometrical analysis indicates that the density of adrenergic plexus per volume unit of vascular wall in the veins investigated is higher than the density of adrenergic nerves in the arteries. This finding suggests that the nervous control of the veins appears in evolution beginning from amphibians, but not from reptiles. It was reliably demonstrated that aorta thoracica and pulmonary artery receive cholinergic innervation, the density of cholinergic plexus in the latter being twice higher than that of adrenergic one.

Vasomotor nerve control of isolated arteries and veins.

In order to compare neuro-effector function in different blood vessels, frequency-response relationships were determined for the following preparations: 1)Isolated rings of the proximal saphenous, distal saphenous and ear arteries, the parietal branch of the internal iliac vein and the small saphenous vein from the rabbit, 2) spiral strips of the rabbit pulmonary artery and 3) longitudinal preparations of the rat portal vein. In each rabbit tissue only one low (less than or equal to 4 Hz) and one high (larger than or equal to 8 Hz) transmural nerve stimulation frequency was applied until steady state responses were obtained and these were expressed as a percentage of a maximum response to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) applied in each experiment. The general shape of the frequency-response curves was similar, but differences in steepness and amplitude of the maximum neurogenic response relative to exogenous NA were found. The steepness of the frequency-response relationships of the veins tended to be greater than those of the arteries. It appears that factors such as close neuro-muscular contacts, presence of terminal nerve fibres within the media and the operation of mechanisms for myogenic propagation of activity contribute to the effectiveness of neurogenic vascular control as revealed by frequency-response curves. In vivo, geometrical factors can greatly augment the hemodynamic significance of the observed differences.