The Association between Dietary Inflammatory Patterns and the Incidence of Frailty and Its Reversal in Older Adults: A Community-Based Longitudinal Follow-Up Study in Taiwan.

Dietary patterns related to inflammation have garnered great interest in disease prevention. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether a proinflammatory diet affects the incidence of frailty and its reversal in a prospective follow-up study. Data were taken from 5663 community-dwelling individuals ≥ 55 years old in Taiwan. The energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Patterns-Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan (EDIP-HALT) at baseline were calculated using a food frequency questionnaire. Frailty was assessed with Fried's criteria in 2008-2013 and 2013-2020. Associations with changes in frailty status were assessed with multinominal logistic regressions and adjusted for major confounders. Higher EDIP-HALST scores (proinflammatory) were associated with higher odds of frailty among baseline robust participants in men (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.42-4.21, p-trend < 0.01) and broadline associated in women (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 0.96-3.98, p-trend = 0.05), but associated with lower odds of reversing back to robust among baseline prefrail participants. However, the later association was only observed in women, and the relationships were stronger in the middle tertile (second vs. first tertile, OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.25-0.65). A pro-inflammatory diet pattern was associated with higher odds of frailty onset in baseline robust participants and lower odds of reversal in baseline prefrail female participants.

Dietary Patterns and Geriatric Syndromes in Adults: Analysis of the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey.

BACKGROUND: The study of dietary patterns in older adults (OA) and their association with geriatric syndromes (GS) is scarce in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To describe the association of dietary patterns with GS in the Mexican older adult population, using data from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey. METHODS: Dietary data were collected from 3,511 adults (≥60 years of age, both sexes) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis based on the consumption of 162 foods from 24 food groups. The GS studied were: frailty, depressive symptoms (DS), low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM); additionally, we studied inflammation (serum CRP>5 mg/L). Logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Four major dietary patterns were identified: a) "Western", b) "Prudent", c) "Soups", and d) "Traditional". The middle and higher tertiles of the "Prudent" pattern were associated with lower odds of DS (OR 0.71, p = 0.04; and OR 0.61, p = 0.008), respectively. The second tertile of the "Soups" pattern was associated with lower odds of low ASMM (OR 0.68, p = 0031) and inflammation (OR 0.58, p = 0.022). The highest tertile of the "Traditional" pattern was associated with low ASMM (OR 1.55, p = 0.008) and lower odds of inflammation (OR 0.69, p = 0.044). No association was found between the "Western" dietary pattern and GS. CONCLUSIONS: Three of four major dietary patterns were associated with GS in older Mexican adults. Further studies are needed to address strategies to improve diet quality in this age group and its association with health and functional outcomes.

Association between adherence to life's simple 7 metrics and risk of obstructive sleep apnea among adults in the United States.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to explore the impact of adherence to Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metrics on risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the impact of inflammation on the association, in adults in the United States. METHODS: Data from 13,825 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 20 years recruited in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2005-2008, 2015-2018 was analyzed. The LS7 score was calculated based on the AHA definition of LS7 metrics. The diagnosis of OSA was based on self-reported symptoms of sleep disturbance using a standard questionnaire. The Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) Index score was also calculated to assess the risk of OSA. Log-binominal regression and negative binomial regression were performed to estimate the associations between LS7 and OSA and MAP index, with odds ratios (ORs) and prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. Mediation analysis was performed to estimate the mediating effects of inflammatory indicators on the associations. RESULTS: A total of 4473 participants (32.4%) had OSA, and the mean MAP index was 0.39. In fully adjusted log-binominal regression models, with total score < 6 as the reference, the ORs (95% CIs) for risk of OSA were 0.90 (0.73, 1.10), 0.76 (0.65, 0.89), 0.78 (0.64, 0.95), and 0.45 (0.38, 0.54) for total score = 6, total score = 7, total score = 8, and total score > 8, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). When LS7 score was analyzed as a continuous variable, each 1-point increase in LS7 score was associated with a 15% decrease in OSA risk (P < 0.001). In negative binominal regression models, the adjusted PRs (95% CIs) for the MAP index were 0.93 (0.90, 0.97), 0.87 (0.84, 0.91), 0.80 (0.77, 0.84), and 0.55 (0.53, 0.57) for total score = 6, total score = 7, total score = 8, and total score > 8, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). For each 1-point increase in LS7 score, the risk of OSA decreased by 13% (P < 0.001). Consistent results were observed in subgroup analysis. Mediation analysis indicated that inflammatory factors, including blood cell count, neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein, positively mediated the association of LS7 with OSA, with a mediation proportion of 0.022 (P = 0.04), 0.02 (P = 0.04), and 0.02 (P = 0.02), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a nationally representative sample of US adults, adherence to LS7 metrics was independently associated with reduced OSA risk. Inflammation plays a mediating role in the association between LS7 and OSA.

Association of the dietary inflammatory index with sarcopenic obesity and frailty in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is associated with the risk of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and frailty among Korean older adults. METHODS: A total of 950 participants aged 70-84 years, who completed the baseline nutrition survey of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, were included in the analysis. The DII, quantifying the dietary inflammatory potential, was calculated using 23 foods and nutrients as assessed by a 24-h dietary recall. SO was defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured appendicular skeletal muscle mass index of < 7.0 for males; <5.4 for females) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference of ≥ 90 cm for males; ≥85 cm for females). Frailty status was assessed using the Fried frailty index (range, 0-5), a simple tool for defining frailty that consists of three or more of five frailty items. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of SO and frailty was 9.8% and 10.8%, respectively. The DII was significantly higher in the frail group (2.7) compared to the robust and SO groups (2.0 vs. 1.8) (P < 0.001). Among nutrients and foods included in the DII, the frail group exhibited lower vitamin E, niacin, vitamin B6, energy, and protein intakes than the robust and SO groups. Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for frailty versus robust (comparing DII tertile 3 to tertile 1) was 2.3 (1.1-4.8; P-trend = 0.02). However, no significant association was observed between the DII and SO (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.1; P-trend = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: A higher DII score was associated with increased odds of frailty but not with SO in Korean older adults, suggesting that proinflammatory diets have a greater impact on frailty than that on SO in the older population.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors and their associations with inflammation among US adolescents: NHANES, 2015 to March 2020.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity and glycemic dysfunction in adolescents has increased over the past several decades but less is known on how these conditions are associated with systemic inflammation in this population. This study determined the associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and inflammation among a nationally representative sample of US. adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted among 2693 adolescents aged 12-19 years who participated in the 2015 to March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Chronic inflammation was determined using laboratory measures for high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP). Adjusted ORs (aOR, 95% CI) were calculated from logistic regression models to determine the association between CVD risk factors (obesity, overweight, dysglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia) and elevated hs-CRP (>3.0 mg/L) while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other CVD risk factors. RESULTS: Overall, 15.3% of adolescents had elevated hs-CRP. Adolescents who were older (16-19 years vs 12-15 years), obese, had A1c ≥5.7% (≥39 mmol/mol), high total cholesterol, or low high-density lipoprotein had hs-CRP distributions that were more high risk (χ2 p value <0.001). Adolescents with obesity or A1c ≥5.7% had a sixfold and a nearly twofold higher odds of elevated hs-CRP compared those without obesity and A1c <5.7% after full adjustment (aOR=6.39, 4.64 to 8.79 and aOR=1.70, 1.05 to 3.06, respectively). Adolescents with hypertension or hyperlipidemia were significantly more likely to have elevated hs-CRP compared with those without these conditions after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics (aOR=2.46, 1.08 to 5.60 and aOR=2.19, 1.36 to 3.54, respectively), but the association was not significant after further adjustment for obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Among US adolescents, obesity was strongly associated with elevated hs-CRP, a marker for future CVD risk. Given the obesity epidemic and the marked proportion with elevated CRP, concern should be given to future CVD risk in younger adults.

Physical Activity Modifies the Risk of Incident Cardiac Conduction Disorders Upon Inflammation: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests a central role for inflammation in cardiac conduction disorder (CCD). It is unknown whether habitual physical activity could modulate the inflammation-associated risks of incident CCD in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This population-based cohort was derived from the China Kailuan study, including a total of 97 192 participants without prior CCD. The end points included incident CCD and its subcategories (atrioventricular block and bundle-branch block). Systemic inflammation was indicated by the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Over a median 10.91-year follow-up, 3747 cases of CCD occurred, with 1062 cases of atrioventricular block and 2697 cases of bundle-branch block. An overall linear dose-dependent relationship was observed between MLR and each study end point (all P-nonlinearity≥0.05). Both higher MLR and physical inactivity were significantly associated with higher risks of conduction block. The MLR-associated risks of developing study end points were higher in the physically inactive individuals than in those being physically active, with significant interactions between MLR levels and physical activity for developing CCD (P-interaction=0.07) and bundle-branch block (P-interaction<0.05) found. Compared with those in MLR quartile 2 and being physically active, those in the highest MLR quartile and being physically inactive had significantly higher risks for all study end points (1.42 [95% CI, 1.24-1.63], 1.62 [95% CI, 1.25-2.10], and 1.33 [95% CI, 1.13-1.56], respectively, for incident CCD, atrioventricular block, and bundle-branch block). CONCLUSIONS: MLR should be a biomarker for the risk assessment of incident CCD. Adherence to habitual physical activity is favorable for reducing the MLR-associated risks of CCD.

Understanding Health Care Disparities Based on Medicare Use for Inflammatory and Infectious Eye Diseases.

Purpose: Inflammatory and infectious eye diseases are an important cause of visual impairment in patients older than 65 years of age. Health care disparities for eye care are present for general eye care. However, there is lack of national data on health disparities regarding eye care use for inflammatory and infectious eye diseases. Our study examines the effect of gender and race on eye care in patients with inflammatory and infectious eye diseases who are equal or greater than 65 years of age. Methods: We have used Medicare data to examine the effect gender and race on use of eye care services in patients with inflammatory and infectious eye diseases for 2014 to 2018. Medicare is a national insurance program administered by the government of United States to insure people age 65 years or older. Owing to its high enrollment, those in Medicare are representative of the U.S. population aged 65 and older. Results: We found that females have higher use for Medicare for inflammatory and infectious eye diseases across all races from 2014 to 2018. On examining the effect of race, African Americans have lower use as compared with Whites. People of Asian descent have the highest use, followed by Hispanic people. Conclusions: Health care disparities exist for eye care use for inflammatory and infectious eye diseases for patients 65 years of age and older. Future studies are required to address these disparities to provide equitable eye care. Translational Relevance: Identification of eye care disparities is the first step to addressing these disparities.

Dietary inflammation influences the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in prediabetes and diabetes patients: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001-2018).

Prediabetes is an early phase before diabetes. Diabetes and dietary inflammation are two crucial factors that are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Dietary interventions slowed the progression of diabetes and CVD. However, the associations between CVDs and dietary inflammation in different stages of pathoglycaemia have not been investigated. To explore the effect of a proinflammatory diet on CVD incidence at different stages of diabetes, NHANES (2001-2018) data were collected and analysed. A total of 3137 CVD patients with a comparable non-CVD group (n = 3137) were enrolled after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. These patients were subsequently categorized into three subgroups: those with diabetes (n = 3043), those with prediabetes (n = 1099) and those with normoglycemia (n = 2132). The DII (Dietary inflammatory index) is a risk factor for CVD, both in overall individuals and in each subgroup of population-based information. In diabetic individuals, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) of CVD incidence for the DII were 1.10 (1.05, 1.15) and 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) according to the crude and adjusted models, respectively. For individuals with prediabetes, the ORs (95% CIs) of CVD risk for DII were 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) and 1.11 (1.01, 1.22) according to the crude and adjusted models, respectively. After adjusting for population-based information and hypertension status, the DII appeared to have the highest OR for individuals with prediabetes, and no significant association was found between the DII score and CVD risk in the normoglycemia group. Moreover, the OR of CVD for DII in the uncontrolled diabetes group was 1.06 (0.98, 1.16)*. These results suggest that the DII is more closely associated with the risk of CVDs in prediabetic and diabetic populations, and we should pay more attention to diet control before a person develops diabetes to prevent CVD progression.

The role of bDMARDs in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory-related comorbidities in Psoriatic Arthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immune-inflammatory disease that affects both joints and entheses, and with diverse extra-articular manifestations (psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and uveitis). A wide range of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), mental health disorders (depression/anxiety), and osteoporosis are highly prevalent in course of PsA.Biological DMARDs (bDMARD), including TNF-inhibitors (TNFi), Interleukin (IL-17i) and IL-23i represent the cornerstone of the management of active disease. The use of these therapies obviously requires considering comorbidities presence, safety aspects and contraindications. AREAS COVERED: The aim of this review is to describe the inflammatory mechanisms behind PsA comorbidities, and the role of bDMARDs in the prevention and treatment of these conditions in course of PsA. EXPERT OPINION: Tailoring therapeutic strategies to the individual characteristics of each PsA patient can be an effective approach to manage comorbidities, maximizing the efficacy of bDMARDs, and reducing the incidence of AEs. Identifying targets within disease pathways can guide research into therapeutics that address both PsA and comorbidities simultaneously, but more studies are advocated for clarifying the potential prevention and management of bDMARDs used for PsA.

Bioelectrical impedance-derived phase angle (PhA) in people living with obesity: Role in sarcopenia and comorbidities.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Obesity is characterized by alterations in fat and muscle mass. Phase angle (PhA) is considered an index of muscle mass, and is related to comorbidities in SO. This work aimed to assess the relationship between PhA, muscle mass, inflammation, and comorbidities in obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 198 outpatients with obesity (BMI≥30) divided into tertiles according to PhA distribution (<5°, 5°-6°, >7°). Body composition was analyzed using bioimpedance (Tanita MC-780P Multi-Frequency Segmental Body Composition Analyzer). Quantitative variables were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and qualitative variables using the chi-square test. A correspondence analysis was built to show the influence of qualitative variables on subjects in each tertile. Patients in the lowest tertile had the lowest skeletal muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI); the highest inflammatory index (albumin and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Alb-dNLR); and the highest percentage of individuals with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and heart failure (HF). The correspondence analysis showed an association between the lowest tertile and presence of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and CKD. On the logistic regression model, ASMI (OR 0.9, 95%CI 0.85-0.95, p = 0.0004), Alb-dNLR (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.04-16.4, p = 0.04) and HFpEF and T2DM were significantly associated with the lowest PhA. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying high-risk individuals living with obesity is a priority. These results show that lower PhA is related to inflammation, poorer skeletal muscle mass and consequently, their impact on obesity-related comorbidities and clinical outcomes.

Association of systemic immune inflammatory index with obesity and abdominal obesity: A cross-sectional study from NHANES.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Our aim was to explore the potential relationship between SII and obesity, as well as abdominal obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: We utilized a weighted multivariable logistic regression model to investigate the relationship between SII and obesity, as well as abdominal obesity. Generalized additive models were employed to test for non-linear associations. Subsequently, we constructed a two-piecewise linear regression model and conducted a recursive algorithm to calculate inflection points. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed. A total of 7,880 U.S. adult participants from NHANES 2011-2018 were recruited for this study. In the regression model adjusted for all confounding variables, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association between SII/100 and obesity, as well as abdominal obesity, were 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) and 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) respectively. There was a non-linear and reverse U-shaped association between SII/100 and obesity, as well as abdominal obesity, with inflection points at 7.32 and 9.98 respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed before the inflection points, while significant negative correlations were found after the inflection points. There was a statistically significant interaction in the analysis of age, hypertension, and diabetes. Moreover, a notable interaction is observed between SII/100 and abdominal obesity within non-Hispanic Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS: In adults from the United States, there is a positive correlation between SII and the high risk of obesity, as well as abdominal obesity. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to analyze the role of SII in obesity and abdominal obesity.

The association between systemic inflammation markers and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation markers have recently been identified as being associated with cardiac disorders. However, limited research has been conducted to estimate the pre-diagnostic associations between these markers and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Our aim is to identify potential biomarkers for early detection of PAF. METHODS: 91 participants in the PAF group and 97 participants in the non-PAF group were included in this study. We investigated the correlations between three systemic inflammation markers, namely the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), system inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), and PAF. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with PAF gradually increased with increasing logSII, logSIRI, and logAISI tertiles. Compared to those in the lowest tertiles, the PAF risks in the highest logSII and logSIRI tertiles were 3.2-fold and 2.9-fold, respectively. Conversely, there was no significant correlation observed between logAISI and PAF risk within the highest tertile of logAISI. The restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between the elevation of systemic inflammation markers and PAF risk. Specifically, the incidence of PAF is respectively increased by 56%, 95%, and 150% for each standard deviation increase in these variables. The ROC curve analysis of logSII, logSIRI and logAISI showed that they had AUC of 0.6, 0.7 and 0.6, respectively. It also demonstrated favorable sensitivity and specificity of these systemic inflammation markers in detecting the presence of PAF. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study reveals significant positive correlations between SII, SIRI, and AISI with the incidence of PAF.

Association of the dietary inflammation index DII with the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern that is frequently associated with hypertension. Inflammation is an important factor in the development of both illnesses. The Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) has evolved as a way to measure how much a diet can cause inflammation, which may impact CKD, especially in hypertensive persons. The study's goal is to investigate the link between DII and the occurrence of CKD in hypertensive individuals. METHODS: This study examined data from 22940 hypertensive patients from 1999 to 2018 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The DII was computed using 28 dietary components. CKD was diagnosed based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. The link between DII and CKD was explored using sampling-weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines. RESULTS: Higher DII scores were shown to be strongly related with an increased risk of CKD. In the fully adjusted model, this connection remained consistent across demographic and clinical categories. CONCLUSIONS: The study found a strong association between a pro-inflammatory diet and an elevated risk of CKD in hypertensive individuals, emphasizing the potential of dietary changes in CKD management.

Association of dietary and lifestyle inflammatory indices with type 2 diabetes risk in Iranian adults.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked to chronic inflammation, which can be influenced by both lifestyle and dietary choices. However, the relationship between the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle factors and the risk of developing T2DM remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of the empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII), dietary inflammatory score (DIS), and lifestyle inflammatory score (LIS) with the risk of T2DM among Iranian adults. METHODS: The current study was conducted on 5714 individuals from Yazd Health Study (YaHS) who were followed up for a mean period of six years. YaHS is a prospective cohort study which has been conducted since 2014. Dietary intakes were collected at baseline using the food frequency questionnaire. The relative risk (RR) of T2DM was calculated by Cox regression analysis across tertiles of EDII, DIS, and LIS, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: The mean ± SD for the age and body mass index of the study population were 47.0 ± 9.2 years and 26.7 ± 5.1 Kg.m2, respectively. A significant association between LIS and the risk of T2DM was observed (RR: 4.05, 95% CI: 2.61-6.27 P-trend < 0.001). Individuals in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of EDII-LIS (RR: 3.07, 95%CI: 2.01-4.68; P for trend < 0.001) and DIS-LIS (RR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.69-3.49; P for trend < 0.001) had a higher risk of T2DM. However, no significant association was found between EDII and DIS scores and the risk of T2DM. CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to LIS, EDII-LIS, and DIS-LIS scores was associated with a higher risk of T2DM, while no significant association was found between EDII and DIS with T2DM risk.

The mediating role of chronic low-grade inflammation participation in the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes: findings from the NHANES.

BACKGROUND: Chronic low-grade inflammation may mediate the relationship between obesity and diabetes, yet clinical research in this area remains scarce. Thus, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of chronic low-grade inflammation in this relationship using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: This study involved 2,482 participants enrolled in the NHANES between 2005 and 2016. Based on the complex sampling survey weights of NHANES, logistic regression models were fitted, adjusting for various covariates to investigate the relationship between BMI, INFLA score, and diabetes. Moreover, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were fitted to analyze the proportional contribution of individual components within the INFLA score. Finally, mediation analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the magnitude of the mediating effect of the INFLA score on the relationship between BMI and diabetes. RESULTS: After adjusting for all potential confounding factors, a significant positive correlation was noted between INFLA score and diabetes [OR (95% CI), 1.038(1.003-1.075), p = 0.035]. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between the high INFLA group and diabetes compared to the low INFLA group [OR (95% CI), 1.599(1.031-2.481), p = 0.037]. WQS regression models revealed that the proportional contributions of C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, platelet count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were 55.5%, 34.8%, 8.46%, and 1.19%, respectively. Finally, the results of the mediation analysis indicated that the indirect effect of the INFLA score accounted for 10.20%. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic low-grade inflammation was associated with diabetes and partially mediates the relationship between obesity and diabetes.

Associations of muscle mass, strength, and quality with diabetes and the mediating role of inflammation in two National surveys from China and the United states.

AIMS: The evidence for joint and independent associations of low muscle mass and low muscle strength with diabetes is limited and mixed. The study aimed to determine the associations of muscle parameters (muscle mass, strength, quality, and sarcopenia) and sarcopenia obesity with diabetes, and the previously unstudied mediating effect of inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 13,420 adults from the 2023 China National Health Survey (CNHS) and 5,380 adults from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. Muscle mass was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in the CNHS, and whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the NHANES. Muscle strength was assessed using digital hand dynamometer. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of muscle parameters and sarcopenia obesity with diabetes. Inflammatory status was assessed using blood cell counts and two systemic inflammation indices (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and system inflammation response index (SIRI)). Mediation analysis was conducted to examine inflammation's role in these associations. RESULTS: Low muscle mass and strength were independently related to diabetes. Low muscle quality was associated with elevated diabetes risk. Sarcopenia has a stronger association with diabetes compared to low muscle strength alone or mass alone (CNHS, odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95 % confidence interval (CI):1.64-2.27; NHANES, OR = 3.80, 95 %CI:2.58-5.58). Participants with sarcopenia obesity exhibit a higher risk of diabetes than those with obesity or sarcopenia alone (CNHS, OR = 2.21, 95 %CI:1.72-2.84; NHANES, OR = 6.06, 95 %CI:3.64-10.08). Associations between muscle parameters and diabetes were partially mediated by inflammation (mediation proportion: 1.99 %-36.64 %, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low muscle mass and muscle strength are independently or jointly associated with diabetes, and inflammation might be a potential mechanism underlying this association. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of sarcopenia and obesity could significantly increase diabetes risk.

Dietary inflammation, sleep and mental health in the United Kingdom and Japan: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Diet has been repeatedly shown to affect mental and sleep health outcomes. However, it is well known that there are cross-cultural differences in dietary practices as well as the prevalence of mental and sleep health outcomes. Given that the dietary inflammatory potential of diets has been linked to mental and sleep health outcomes, in the current study we sought to assess the inflammatory status of habitual diets and examine its relationship with mental and sleep health outcomes in both the United Kingdom and Japan. Our aim was to determine if the associations between the dietary inflammation index (DII) score and these health outcomes could elucidate any potential cross-cultural differences in health. Online survey data was collected from 602 participants (aged 18-40 years) in the United Kingdom (n = 288) and Japan (n = 314). Participants self-reported their dietary intakes, as well as current mental health and sleep patterns. The DII score was calculated (score range - 2.79 to 3.49) We found that although participants in the United Kingdom reported better overall mental wellbeing, participants in Japan reported less severe depression, anxiety and stress and better subjective sleep quality, less sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction, despite sleeping shorter, and a better adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet. Moreover, across the United Kingdom and Japan, adherence to more anti-inflammatory diets predicted higher levels of subjective sleep quality, fewer sleep disturbances, less use of sleep medicine and less daytime dysfunction. In conclusion, there are several differences between mental and sleep health outcomes in the United Kingdom and Japan, which could be attributable to the inflammatory potential of respective regional diets. Future studies are warranted to examine the mental and sleep health benefits of adhering to anti-inflammatory traditional Japanese diets in clinical and subclinical cohorts.

Association between inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension among sedentary adults in US: NHANES 2009-2018.

Our study focuses on the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension among sedentary adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. We categorized 24,614 participants into two groups based on their daily sedentary time: 9607 individuals in the sedentary group (≥7 h) and 15,007 in the non-sedentary group (<7 h). We found that the sedentary group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension than the non-sedentary group. Using weighted multiple logistic regression and smoothing curves, we assessed the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension among the sedentary adults. The odds ratios for hypertension were 1.92 for the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), 1.15 for the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and 1.19 for the natural logarithm of the systemic immune-inflammation index (lnSII), all showing nonlinear associations. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between sedentary time and inflammatory biomarkers (MHR, SIRI, and lnSII). Our findings suggest that prolonged sedentary behavior in the US significantly increases hypertension risk, likely due to marked increases in inflammation markers.

Associations of systemic immune-inflammation index with high risk for prostate cancer in middle-aged and older US males: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) provides convincing evaluation of systemic immune and inflammatory condition in human body. Its correlation with prostate cancer (PCa) risk remains uncharted. The principal objective of this investigation was to elucidate the association between SII and the risk for PCa in middle-aged and elderly males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis entailed multivariate linear and logistic regression, generalized additive model, and smoothing curve fitting using resource from 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To ascertain robustness and consistency of this association across different demographic strata, we conducted rigorous subgroup analyses and interaction tests. RESULTS: Among 3359 participants, those with elevated SII displayed higher total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) levels, higher risk for PCa, and lower free/total PSA (f/t PSA) ratio. Specifically, each unit increase of log2 (SII) was associated with a 0.22 ng/mL increase in tPSA (ß: 0.22, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.05-0.38), a 2.22% decline in f/t PSA ratio (ß: -2.22, 95% CI -3.20 to -1.23), and a 52% increased odds of being at high risk for PCa (odds ratio [OR]: 1.52, 95% CI 1.13-2.04). People in the top quartile of log2 (SII) exhibited 0.55 ng/mL increased tPSA (ß: 0.55, 95% CI 0.19-0.90), 4.39% reduced f/t PSA ratio (ß: -4.39, 95% CI -6.50 to -2.27), and 168% increased odds of being at high risk for PCa (OR: 2.68, 95% CI 1.32-5.46) compared to those in the bottom quartile. CONCLUSION: Systemic immune and inflammatory condition, as represented by SII, is independently and positively associated with tPSA levels and the risk for PCa, as well as independently and negatively associated with f/t PSA ratio among middle-aged and older US males. These findings may enhance the effectiveness of PCa screening in predicting positive biopsy results.

Prevalence of anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its association with dietary inflammatory index: A population-based study from NHANES 1999 to 2018.

Anemia is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it is unknown whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII) is linked to anemia. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of anemia in RA patients and its association with the DII. The data utilized in this study were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 1999 to 2018. The prevalence of anemia in RA patients was estimated by ethnicity, sex, and age. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was utilized to explore the correlation between anemia risk and DII. The most crucial dietary factors related to the risk of anemia in RA patients were screened by stepwise regression. A nomogram model was established according to key dietary factors. A total of 10.25% (confidence interval, 8.58-11.92%) of RA patients will develop anemia, with the lowest prevalence around the age of 60. In addition, higher DII levels were discovered in anemic patients than in nonanemic patients. In multivariate regression models, an important positive association was revealed between anemia and growing quartiles of DII (Q4 vs Q1: odds ratio = 1.98; confidence interval, 1.25-3.15). In the subgroup analysis, the adjusted relation of DII with anemia in females, Mexicans, smokers, nondrinkers, and age groups ≥ 60 years was statistically significant. The same association was observed in the sensitivity analysis. A nomogram model based on stepwise regression screening of key dietary factors showed good discriminatory power to identify anemic risk in RA patients (area under the curve: 0.707). In patients with RA, high DII levels were associated with the risk of anemia. More attention should be given to controlling dietary inflammation to better prevent and treat anemia.