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1.
Lima; Instituto Nacional de Salud-INS; dic. 2022.
Non-conventional in Spanish | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1510212

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Este documento técnico se realiza a solicitud de la Dirección de Prevención y Control de Enfermedades No Transmisibles, Raras y Huérfanas del Ministerio de Salud; la cual motivó la realización de la pregunta PICO por parte de médicos y especialistas de la siguiente manera, P: pacientes con diabetes tipo 1; I: bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor; C: bomba de insulina convencional + monitoreo de glucosa no continuo; O: control glicémico, hiperglicemia, hipoglicemia, calidad de vida y eventos adversos. a. Cuadro clínico: La diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad crónica que produce incremento de los niveles de glicemia debido a una deficiencia de insulina como consecuencia de la pérdida de células ß en el páncreas. En Perú, la incidencia estandarizada por edad es de 0.5 x 100 mil personas de 0-19 años. Las personas con DM1 tienen mayor riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y complicaciones microvasculares como neuropatía, nefropatía y retinopatía. La terapia de reemplazo de insulina (usando bombas de insulina o múltiples inyecciones diarias) y el monitoreo de glucosa (mediante automonitoreo con glucómetro o dispositivos de monitoreo continuo) constituyen parte integral del manejo de la enfermedad. b. Tecnología sanitária: Las bombas de insulina aumentadas por sensor son dispositivos que administran insulina mediante infusión subcutánea de manera continua e incluyen un dispositivo integrado para el monitoreo continuo de glucosa. Cuentan con aprobación de FDA desde el 2006, mientras que en Perú no cuentan con ningún registro sanitario vigente. OBJETIVO: Describir la evidencia científica sobre la eficacia y seguridad de una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor en pacientes con diabetes tipo 1. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Medline (Ovid), The Cochrane Library y LILACS utilizando la estrategia de búsqueda descrita en el Anexo 01. Ésta se complementó con la búsqueda de evidencia en páginas institucionales de agencias gubernamentales y buscadores genéricos. Se priorizó la identificación y selección de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados controlados (ECA), revisiones sistemáticas (RS) de ECA, guías de práctica clínica (GPC), evaluaciones de tecnología sanitaria (ETS) y evaluaciones económicas (EE) de América Latina. La calidad de la evidencia se valoró usando: AMSTAR 2 para revisiones sistemáticas, la herramienta de la colaboración Cochrane para ensayos clínicos y AGREE II para valorar el rigor metodológico de las GPC. RESULTADOS Estudios en población general con DM1 (incluyendo niños, adolescentes y adultos): Tres estudios no observaron diferencias en la HbA1c entre los participantes asignados a una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor y aquellos asignados a una bomba de insulina convencional, mientras en un estudio los niveles de HbA1c fueron menores en el grupo que usó una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor. Cuando se limitó el análisis para incluir solo participantes con mayor uso del sensor de glucosa (>70% del tiempo), cuatro estudios fueron consistentes en mostrar mayor reducción de la HbA1c en los participantes que usaron una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor. En dos estudios, los niveles de glicemia fueron significativamente más bajos en el grupo de bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor. Otros desenlaces como el tiempo en el rango, área bajo la curva y eventos de hipoglicemia e hiperglicemia fueron inconsistentes. Otros eventos adversos fueron similares entre los grupos. Estudios en población pediátrica con DM1 (incluyendo niños y adolescentes): Dos estudios no observaron diferencias en la HbA1c entre los grupos asignados a una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor o una bomba de insulina convencional. Dos estudios, incluyendo participantes con uso del sensor de glucosa >70% del tiempo, mostraron mayor reducción de la HbA1c en el grupo tratado con bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor. No se observó diferencias en la glicemia, eventos de cetoacidosis diabética, ni en la calidad de vida. Los episodios de hipoglicemia severa fueron más altos en el grupo tratado con una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor (0 vs. 4 episodios; p=0.046). Recomendaciones en GPC: Las GPC de la American Diabetes Association (ADA), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) de Reino Unido, y del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia incluyen en sus recomendaciones el uso de una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor en pacientes con DM1 que pueden usarlo en forma segura, con episodios de hipoglicemia incapacitante pese al manejo óptimo de una bomba de insulina convencional, o en quienes, pese al tratamiento con análogos de insulina, no hayan alcanzado un adecuado control metabólico, o presenten hipoglucemias severas o asintomáticas frecuentes. Evaluaciones de tecnología sanitária: Cuatro ETS desarrolladas por agencias estatales de Argentina, España, Perú y Canadá recomiendan no dar cobertura al uso de bombas de insulina aumentada por sensor en pacientes con DM1, principalmente por motivos de costo-efectividad desfavorable. La ETS de NICE recomienda la cobertura de una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor en pacientes con DM1 y episodios de hipoglicemia incapacitante pese al manejo óptimo de una bomba de insulina convencional y solo si el paciente o cuidador se compromete a utilizar los sensores durante al menos el 70 % del tiempo. Evaluación de la calidad metodológica: La certeza de evidencia fue considerada baja para todos los desenlaces críticos en población general con DM1. En población pediátrica, el cambio en los niveles de HbA1c fue considerado como certeza de evidencia baja, mientras que el cambio en los niveles de glicemia y calidad de vida se consideró como certeza de evidencia moderada. La calidad metodológica de las GPC varió entre 67.1% y 81.6%. CONCLUSIONES: Se identificó seis ensayos clínicos, cinco evaluaciones de tecnología sanitaria y cuatro guías de práctica clínica. En niños y adultos con DM1, el control glicémico, evaluado según cambios en la hemoglobina glicosilada, solo mostró diferencias a favor del uso de bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor cuando se restringió el análisis a participantes con uso del sensor de glucosa mayor al 70%. En población general con DM1, los participantes con bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor redujeron los niveles de glicemia, comparado quienes usaron una bomba de insulina convencional. Los desenlaces relacionados con hipoglicemia e hiperglicemia fueron variables. Otros eventos adversos fueron similares entre ambos grupos. En población pediátrica mayor de 6 años, resultados de un único estudio no mostraron diferencias entre el uso de una bomba de insulina convencional o aumentada por sensor en la glicemia, eventos de cetoacidosis o calidad de vida. Los eventos de hipoglicemia severa fueron más frecuentes con el uso de una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor. Las cuatro GPC incluidas consideran en sus recomendaciones el uso de una bomba de insulina aumentada por sensor en personas con DM1. Cuatro ETS de agencias estatales de Argentina, España, Perú y Canadá recomiendan no dar cobertura al uso de bombas de insulina aumentada por sensor. La ETS de NICE recomienda su uso como dispositivo de segunda línea y condicionada al uso del sensor >70% del tiempo. La certeza de evidencia fue baja para los desenlaces críticos en población general con DM1. En población pediátrica, la certeza de evidencia varió entre moderada y baja. La calidad metodológica de las GPC varió entre 67.1% y 81.6%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Efficacy , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics
2.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am ; 49(1): 79-93, 2020 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31980123

ABSTRACT

In past decades, a rapid evolution of diabetes technology led to increased popularity and use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in the ambulatory setting for diabetes management, and recently, the artificial pancreas became available. Efforts to translate this technology to the hospital setting have shown accuracy and reliability of CGM, safety of CSII in appropriate populations, improvement of inpatient glycemic control with computerized glycemic management systems, and feasibility of inpatient CGM-CSII closed-loop systems. Several ongoing studies are focusing on continued translation of this technology to improve glycemic control and outcomes in hospitalized patients.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Hospitalization , Hyperglycemia/therapy , Inventions , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/history , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/trends , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Hospitalization/trends , Humans , Hyperglycemia/blood , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hyperglycemia/history , Inpatients , Insulin/administration & dosage , Insulin Infusion Systems/history , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Insulin Infusion Systems/trends , Inventions/history , Inventions/trends , Pancreas, Artificial/history , Pancreas, Artificial/supply & distribution
4.
J Diabetes Sci Technol ; 12(6): 1223-1226, 2018 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30079769

ABSTRACT

Biomedical outcomes for people with diabetes remain suboptimal for many. Psychosocial care in diabetes does not fare any better. "Artificial pancreas" (also known as "closed-loop" and "automated insulin delivery") systems present a promising therapeutic option for people with diabetes (PWD)-simultaneously improving glycemic outcomes, reducing the burden of self-management, and improving health-related quality of life. In recent years there has emerged a growing movement of PWD innovators rallying behind the mantra #WeAreNotWaiting, developing "do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems (DIY APS)." Self-reported results by DIY APS users show improved metabolic outcomes such as impressive stability of glucose profiles, significant reduction of A1c, and more time within their glycemic target range. However, the benefits remain unclear for the broader population of PWD beyond these highly engaged, highly tech-savvy users willing and able to engage in the demands of building and maintaining their DIY APS. We discuss the challenges faced by key stakeholder groups in terms of potential collaboration and open debate of these challenges.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Culture , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Insulin Infusion Systems , Insulin/administration & dosage , Pancreas, Artificial , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/ethnology , Equipment Design , Equipment and Supplies/standards , Equipment and Supplies/supply & distribution , Health Status Disparities , Healthcare Disparities/ethnology , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Insulin Infusion Systems/standards , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Pancreas, Artificial/classification , Pancreas, Artificial/psychology , Pancreas, Artificial/supply & distribution , United Kingdom/epidemiology , United States/epidemiology
5.
J Diabetes Sci Technol ; 12(6): 1227-1230, 2018 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30035611

ABSTRACT

Over recent years there has been an explosion in availability of technical devices to support diabetes self-management. But with this technology revolution comes new hurdles. On paper, the available diabetes technologies should mean that the vast majority of people with type 1 diabetes have optimal glycemic control and are using their preferred therapy choices. Yet, it does not appear to be universally the case. In parallel, suboptimal glycemic control remains stubbornly widespread. Barriers to improvement include access to technology, access to expert diabetes health care professionals, and prohibitive insurance costs. Until access can be improved to ensure the technologies are available and usable by those that need them, there are many people with diabetes who are still losing out.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Equipment and Supplies , Health Services Accessibility , Healthcare Disparities , Self Care/instrumentation , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/economics , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods , Communication Barriers , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/economics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Equipment and Supplies/economics , Equipment and Supplies/statistics & numerical data , Equipment and Supplies/supply & distribution , Health Services Accessibility/economics , Health Services Accessibility/standards , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Disparities , Healthcare Disparities/economics , Healthcare Disparities/ethnology , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Insulin Infusion Systems/economics , Insulin Infusion Systems/statistics & numerical data , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Pancreas, Artificial/economics , Pancreas, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Pancreas, Artificial/supply & distribution , Social Stigma
6.
Av. diabetol ; 31(3): 81-88, mayo-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140303

ABSTRACT

En España hay un número creciente de personas con diabetes tipo 1 tratadas con la terapia de infusión subcutánea continua de insulina (ISCI), pero no hay directrices nacionales sobre cómo manejar la terapia con bomba de insulina en el ámbito hospitalario. El Grupo de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Sociedad Española de Diabetes ha revisado la literatura y varias directrices internacionales y propone un documento de consenso sobre el manejo de la terapia con bomba de insulina para los pacientes hospitalizados. El documento contiene recomendaciones sobre las indicaciones, las contraindicaciones y los requisitos necesarios para el mantenimiento de la terapia con ISCI en el hospital. Esta revisión proporciona una guía para el manejo de pacientes ISCI en entornos especiales, tales como la sala de urgencias, cirugía, parto y para pacientes pediátricos. Por último, el grupo propone un conjunto de documentos necesarios para establecer una política ISCI en el hospital. En conclusión, la terapia con ISCI se puede utilizar con seguridad en el hospital en pacientes seleccionados después de haberse implementado un protocolo estandarizado


There is an increasing number of people with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy (CSII) in Spain, but there are no national guidelines on how to manage insulin pump therapy in the hospital setting. The Group on New Technologies in Diabetes of the Spanish Diabetes Society has reviewed the literature and several international guidelines, and proposes a consensus document on the management of insulin pump therapy for inpatients. The document contains recommendations on indications, contraindications and the requirements needed to maintaining CSII therapy. This review provides a guide for the management of CSII patients in special settings such as the emergency room, surgery, delivery, and for pediatric patients. Finally, the group proposes a set of documents needed to establish a CSII policy in the hospital. In conclusion, CSII therapy can safely be used in the hospital in selected patients after the implementation of a standardized protocol


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Insulin Infusion Systems/classification , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Infusions, Subcutaneous/methods , Infusions, Subcutaneous/nursing , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics , Therapeutics/nursing , Therapeutics/standards , Spain/ethnology , Insulin Infusion Systems/standards , Insulin Infusion Systems , Infusions, Subcutaneous/psychology , Infusions, Subcutaneous/trends , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology , Therapeutics/instrumentation , Therapeutics/methods
7.
Av. diabetol ; 31(1): 8-12, ene.-feb. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-133749

ABSTRACT

AIM: The procurement of pumps/supplies through a tender process is common practice among public services. A report is presented on the feasibility and safety of the transition from one continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) system to another within a very short time frame (4-weeks) as the consequence of a public tender. METHODS: The program consisted of: Session-1 was a system start-up training session. Patient satisfaction was evaluated. Session-2 consisted of a call from technical staff 72 h after Session- 1 to provide support regarding the programming or the change of infusion set. Session-3 was a training session regarding the use of therapy management software. During and 2 months after Session-2, clinical events, technical issues, and training reinforcement incidents were registered. HbA1c data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 219 patients were enrolled. During the second week, 81% of patients weretransferred to the new system. Patient overall satisfaction scored 9.4/10 (none <7). There were 30 training reinforcement events and 7 technical issues, with all 37 of them being were sorted out over the telephone. There were 31 additional clinical events (infusion set issues). Twentyfour were considered mild, and were solved by phone technical support. Medical assistance was needed in six (five unexpected hyperglycemia, one ketosis). There was only one severe event (ketoacidosis requiring hospitalization). HbA1c did not deteriorate during the transition process. One hundred twenty-eight patients attended the therapy management software training. CONCLUSIONS: With the assistance of a specific program, a complete switch to a new insulin pump in a large population of patients with T1D in the context of a public tender in a very short time was carried out safely and without deterioration of metabolic control


INTRODUCCIÓN: El sistema público de salud financia la utilización de infusores subcutáneos de insulina (ISCI) como tratamiento no convencional en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DT1). En este contexto, y con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia, es frecuente que los centros encargados de este tipo de terapia utilicen procedimientos de licitación. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de un proceso de recambio de dispositivos ISCI a llevar a cabo en un breve periodo (4 semanas) en un procedimiento de concurso público. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: El proceso de recambio incluyó 3 sesiones precedidas por la presentación y la justificación del mismo: sesión 1: adiestramiento en la utilización del nuevo dispositivo ISCI y administración de una encuesta de satisfacción; sesión 2: contacto telefónico de soporte a las 72 h de iniciado el programa a la búsqueda de incidencias, y sesión 3: a los 3 meses, sesión de refuerzo/consolidación de los conocimientos y adiestramiento en el uso de programa informático de gestión del tratamiento. Durante 2 meses se recogieron todas las incidencias clínicas y técnicas. Retrospectivamente, se obtuvo la HbA1c más cercana al inicio y la primera una vez finalizado el programa. RESULTADOS: Se efectuó el recambio en 219 pacientes, el 81% de los recambios se efectuó en las 2 primeras semanas. En la encuesta de satisfacción realizada se obtuvo una puntuación media de 9,4 sobre 10. Se efectuaron un total de 30 llamadas telefónicas extra con el fin de reforzar aspectos educativos y en 7 ocasiones se atendieron incidencias técnicas que fueron resueltas de manera inmediata. Veinticuatro de 31 eventos clínicos registrados fueron considerados de carácter leve. Seis de ellos fueron moderados (5 hiperglucemias simples/1 cetosis). Un evento fue catalogado como grave (cetoacidosis diabética). Todos los eventos se relacionaron con el equipo de infusión (recambio) y en todos se resolvieron de manera satisfactoria. La HbA1c tras el recambio no cambió significativamente. Ciento veintiocho pacientes acudieron al adiestramiento en el uso del programa informático de gestión del tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: En el contexto de un proceso de licitación y bajo un programa diseñado específicamente, el recambio de dispositivos ISCI puede realizarse de manera segura y sin deterioro alguno en el control metabólico en un considerable número de pacientes y en un corto periodo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Insulin Infusion Systems/classification , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Insulin Infusion Systems , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Public Sector/ethics , Insulin Infusion Systems , Insulin Infusion Systems/standards , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Public Sector/standards
9.
Diabet Med ; 29(8): 1055-9, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22050599

ABSTRACT

AIM: To examine the availability of insulin pump therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Patients using insulin pumps among a cohort of 7224 patients with Type 1 diabetes were studied. RESULTS: In logistic regression, used to evaluate variables not changing over time among the total cohort, use of insulin pumps varied by outpatient clinic (P<0.001) and sex (P<0.001). Cox regression analysis in 5854 patients with detailed patient data prior to use of an insulin pump showed higher HbA(1c) (P<0.0001), lower creatinine (P=0.002), high and low insulin doses (P<0.0001), younger age (P<0.0001) and female sex (P<0.0001) to be associated with use of an insulin pump. Women were 1.5-fold more likely to start using an insulin pump (hazard ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.29-1.79) and patients in the 20- to 30-years age range were more than twice as likely to begin use of an insulin pump than patients aged 40-50 years (hazard ratio 8.63, 95% confidence interval 5.91-12.59 and hazard ratio 3.98, 95% confidence interval 2.80-5.64, respectively). A 10-µmol/l higher level of creatinine was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.56 (95% confidence interval 0.39-0.81) of starting use of an insulin pump. CONCLUSIONS: At 10 hospital outpatient clinics in Sweden, use of insulin pumps therapy varied by clinic. A higher proportion of women began using insulin pumps. Younger patients and patients with fewer complications were also more likely to start using an insulin pump. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in other geographical regions and to understand whether the availability of insulin pumps today is optimized.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Insulin/administration & dosage , Adult , Ambulatory Care , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Sweden , Young Adult
10.
J Diabetes Sci Technol ; 5(4): 848-50, 2011 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21880224

ABSTRACT

There are over 7.5 billion needles and syringes used outside of the health care system each year by individuals with diabetes, migraines, allergies, infertility, arthritis, HIV, hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, psoriasis, or other conditions. Disposal of needles, syringes, lancets, and other medical products are not regulated in the home, while these same products used in health care facilities are strictly regulated. Home-generated medical waste is routinely placed into curbside trash, placing sanitation workers and custodial personnel at personal risk of a needle-stick injury. The Coalition for Safe Community Needle Disposal is working to establish a solution that is satisfactory to all stakeholders, sharing the burden of these programs with the pharmaceutical industry, medical device industry, waste management industry, recycling companies, and local and state governments.


Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources , Environment , Insulin Infusion Systems/adverse effects , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Insulin/administration & dosage , Medical Waste/adverse effects , Humans
11.
J Diabetes Sci Technol ; 5(4): 843-7, 2011 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21880223

ABSTRACT

Insulin pump therapy [continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)] requires regular change of infusion sets every 2-3 days in order to minimize the risk of skin irritations or other adverse events. This has been discussed to be a potential burden to the environment. The purpose of this analysis was to perform an environmental assessment of insulin pump infusion sets based on loss of resources occurring during incineration of the discarded products and by means of a lifecycle concept used to weight a material in relation to its rareness on earth and its consumption. In addition to five infusion sets (Inset30, InsetII, Comfort, Quick-set, and Cleo), a patch pump (Omnipod) was also included in this analysis. The annual loss in waste of the so called "person reserve" of 3 days of catheter use was compared with daily consumption of a cup of coffee in a disposable paper cup and to a soft drink in an aluminum can. The weight-based loss in resources through waste for the infusion sets (except for Cleo) corresponded to 70-200% of the loss of resources for a coffee cup (Cleo, 320%; Omnipod, 1,821,600%) and to 1-3% of the loss from an aluminum soft drink can (Cleo, 5%; Omnipod, 31,200%). The loss or resources by use of infusion sets used in insulin pump therapy appears to be low and is similar to the burden induced by the uptake of one cup of coffee per day. The loss or resources with regular CSII is considerably lower than the loss or resources induced by patch pumps.


Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources , Environment , Insulin Infusion Systems/adverse effects , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Insulin/administration & dosage , Medical Waste/adverse effects , Beverages/adverse effects , Conservation of Natural Resources/statistics & numerical data , Disposable Equipment/supply & distribution , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Environmental Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Incineration/statistics & numerical data , Insulin/adverse effects , Longitudinal Studies , Medical Waste Disposal/statistics & numerical data , Models, Theoretical , Resource Allocation/organization & administration , Resource Allocation/standards , Resource Allocation/supply & distribution
12.
J Diabetes Sci Technol ; 5(4): 851-2, 2011 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21880225

ABSTRACT

The advent of single-use disposable syringes along with myriad similar products for the health care industry has raised interest in the impact of these devices on the environment. Interest does not stop at impact of the device, but also includes associated pharmaceutical agents. Across the spectrum of health care, providers as well as end users of products are assessing the impact of product design and contents upon land, air, and water. In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Pfützner and colleagues tackle the issue by focusing on a product for the diabetes patient. As environmental sustainability has become part of the evaluation process of many products, their assessment sheds some interesting light on the impact of a group of devices when compared and contrasted against the ever-popular disposable coffee cup or beer/soda aluminum can. Regional variations in waste disposal practices need to be understood when conducting these types of assessments.


Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources , Environment , Insulin Infusion Systems/adverse effects , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Insulin/administration & dosage , Medical Waste/adverse effects , Humans
15.
Medsurg Nurs ; 15(2): 61-8, 94; quiz 69, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16700243

ABSTRACT

Patients are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in the United States at increasing rates. Nurses must maintain current knowledge of effective diabetes management strategies. An overview of the use of insulin pumps is provided, including the function, criteria for use, advantages, disadvantages, and nursing management considerations.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin Infusion Systems/statistics & numerical data , Insulin/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/nursing , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Disease Management , Drug Monitoring/nursing , Equipment Design , Humans , Insulin Infusion Systems/adverse effects , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Nurse's Role , Nursing Assessment , Patient Selection
17.
Av. diabetol ; 21(1): 44-51, ene.-mar. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-038128

ABSTRACT

La monitorización de los cuerpos cetónicos es, junto a la glucemia, de gran importancia en el tratamiento de la diabetes, especialmente de la diabetes tipo 1. La medición de cuerpos cetónicos es necesaria cuando concurren enfermedades intercurrentes o situaciones de estrós, en la hiperglucemia, embarazo o cuando aparecen síntomas de cetoacidosis. En particular, los pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 en tratamiento con infusión subcutánea continua de insulina (ISCI) tienen un mayor riesgo de cetoacidosis. Una interrupción en el suministro de insulina con ISCI se asocia a una rápida alteración del metabolismo, debido al escaso depósito de insulina existente en el tejido subcutáneo. La monitorización de la cetonuria tiene poco valor para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la cetoacidosis. Las tiras reactivas de cetonuria detectan sólo acetoacetatopero no beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), el cuerpo cetónico predominante en la cetoacidosis. Además, en la fase de resolución de la cetoacidosis la cetonuria se mantiene incluso elevada mucho tiempo después del descenso de la cetonemia. La cuantificación de BHB con un dispositivo de autodiagnóstico, en 30 segundos, tiene una mayor sensibilidad y permite un diagnóstico más precoz de la cetosis que la cetonuria. Las ventajas asociadas a la determinación de la cetonemia capilar pueden ser relevantes para los pacientes en terapia con ISCI. En la práctica clínica, valores de BHB >= 0,5 mmol/l en presencia de hiperglucemia ó 3 horas después del cambio de catéter, son indicativos de cetosis y, en caso de no ser corregidos, de riesgo de cetoacidosis. La hiperglucemia aislada sin cetonemia elevada (valores de BHB < 0,5 mmol/l) no se asocia a cetosis. En conclusión, la determinación de cetonemia capilar es un complemento importante en la prevención y tratamiento de la cetoacidosis diabética, especialmente en pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 con ICSI


Monitoring of ketone bodies besides of glycemia is important in diabetes care, especially in type 1 diabetes. Ketone testing is recommended during acute intercurrent illness or stress, when blood glucose levels are consistently elevated, during pregnancy or when symptoms of ketoacidosis are present. Type 1 diabetic patients under continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) have, particularly, an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. A short interruption of insulin infusion in CSII is associated with a rapid metabolic deterioration, probably due to a limited insulin depot in the subcutaneous tissue. Urine ketone tests are not reliable for diagnosing and/or monitoring treatment of ketoacidosis. Urine ketone tests detect only acetoacetate but not beta- hydroxybuty rate (BHB), the major ketone body in diabetic ketoacidosis. Furthermore, in the recovering phase of diabetic ketoacidosis ketone bodies are still detectable in urine even long after blood ketone concentrations have fallen. Quantification of BHB directly by means of a 30-second hand-held blood ketone meter has a higher sensitivity and provides an earlier diagnosis of ketosis than ketonuria. The advantages related to blood ketone testing may be particularly relevant in patients under CSII therapy. In the clinical practice, BHB values >= 0.5 mmol/l in the presence of unexpected hyperglycemia or 3 h after catheter change are indicative of ketosis and , if not corrected, even impending risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. Isolated hyperglycemia without elevated blood ketone values (i.e. values of BHB < 0.5 mmol/l) is not associated with incipient ketosis. In conclusion, capillary blood ketone testing is an important adjunct to the prevention and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, especially in type 1 diabetic patients under CSII


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Humans , Insulin Infusion Systems , Ketone Bodies/analysis , Ketone Bodies/therapeutic use , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/therapy , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy , Insulin/therapeutic use , Insulin Infusion Systems/ethics , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Insulin Infusion Systems/standards , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
18.
AANA J ; 72(5): 353-7, 2004 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15529731

ABSTRACT

Care of the patient with diabetes mellitus presents numerous challenges to the anesthesia practitioner. There is no perfect way to care for these patients nor are any 2 patients with diabetes exactly alike. With the advent of subcutaneous insulin pumps, the anesthesia practitioner has another tool to assist him or her in giving high quality care. This case study describes the anesthesia care provided to a patient with type 1 diabetes who wore his continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pump during general anesthesia for surgical repair of a herniated lumbar disk. Importantly, the anesthesia plan involved a collaborative effort with the patient. Blood glucose levels were stable throughout the perioperative period. Little or no extra work was required of the CRNA. This case showed that the CSII could be used to minimize perioperative fluctuations in blood sugar. Postoperatively, the patient expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the anesthetic.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Insulin Infusion Systems , Insulin/administration & dosage , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Intraoperative Care/methods , Adult , Anesthesia, General/nursing , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/nursing , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Equipment Design , Equipment Safety , Humans , Infusions, Parenteral , Insulin Infusion Systems/adverse effects , Insulin Infusion Systems/psychology , Insulin Infusion Systems/supply & distribution , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/complications , Intraoperative Care/nursing , Intraoperative Care/psychology , Lumbar Vertebrae , Male , Nurse Anesthetists , Patient Care Planning , Patient Satisfaction , Sacrum , Treatment Outcome
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