Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of R411, a dual alpha4beta1-alpha4beta7 integrin antagonist after oral administration at single and multiple once-daily ascending doses in healthy volunteers.

R411 is a dual alpha4beta1-alpha4beta7 integrin antagonist under development for the treatment of chronic asthma. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of R411 and its active metabolite, RO0270608, in humans. A 3-part phase I trial was conducted in 132 healthy volunteers: (1) 12 subjects received 200 mg R411 as a single oral dose or 100 mg RO0270608 as an intravenous infusion in a 1-sequence crossover design; (2) 7 groups of 10 subjects received 1 of 7 single oral doses of R411 (10-1200 mg) in a parallel, placebo-controlled, ascending adaptive dose design; and (3) 5 groups of 10 subjects each received repeated oral qd doses of R411 (50-900 mg) for up to 3 weeks in a parallel, placebo-controlled, ascending adaptive dose design. The absolute bioavailability of RO0270608 (mean +/- standard deviation) after oral administration of R411 was 27% +/- 4%, and the terminal half-life was 7.33 +/- 2.29 hours. After IV infusion of RO0270608, total clearance (mean +/- standard deviation) was 19.4 +/- 7.1 L/h, and the volume of distribution was 93.1 +/- 36.1 L. After single ascending oral doses of R411, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity of active metabolite RO0270608 increased proportionally from 150 to 1200 mg (P > .05). Following repeated administration, the oral clearance was independent of time. No drug accumulation was observed, and no safety concerns were revealed up to a dose of 900 mg after up to 3 weeks of treatment.

Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and anti-very late antigen-4 monoclonal antibodies inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in the murine model of arterial injury.

OBJECTIVE: Arterial restenosis after angioplasty limits long-term survival of patients. Murine arterial injury models develop neointimal hyperplasia similar to that observed in clinical coronary arterial restenosis after angioplasty. Adhesion of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and its ligand very late antigen (VLA)-4 plays an important role in neointimal formation after vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate the effectiveness of blocking VCAM-1 and VLA-4 adhesion to prevent neointimal formation, mice with induced abdominal aortic injury were treated with the combined anti-VCAM-1 and anti-VLA-4 mAbs (n = 8) or not treated (n = 6). Injured arteries were harvested at day 14. Immunohistochemistry and in situ reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were performed for detection of VCAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B mRNA expression in the arteries. Arteries without treatment showed significant neointimal formation with enhancement of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PDGF-B mRNA, while expression of these and intimal thickening were almost nonexistent in the recipients of mAbs to VCAM-1 and VLA-4. CONCLUSION: Anti-VCAM-1 and anti-VLA-4 mAbs prevent arterial neointimal formation after arterial injury.