ABSTRACT
Although metabolomics has been increasingly used to observe metabolic pattern and disease-specific metabolic markers, metabolite profiling for moyamoya disease (MMD) has not yet been done in adults. This study investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites specific to bilateral MMD (B-MMD) and compared them to those of unilateral MMD (U-MMD) or atherosclerotic stenosis with hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify metabolic biomarkers associated with MMD in adults.CSF samples of B-MMD (nâ=â29), U-MMD (nâ=â11), and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) (nâ=â8) were recruited. Principal component analysis, partial least square discriminant analysis, and orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were done for the comparisons. Diagnostic performance was acquired by prediction of 1 left-out sample from the distinction model constructed with the rest of the samples.B-MMD showed an increase in glutamine (Pâ<â0.001) and taurine (Pâ=â0.004), and a decrease in glucose (Pâ<â0.001), citrate (Pâ=â0.002), and myo-inositol (Pâ=â0.006) than those in ACVD. U-MMD showed a higher level of glutamine (Pâ=â0.005) and taurine (Pâ=â0.034), and a lower level of glutamate (Pâ<â0.004) than those in ACVD. No difference at the metabolite level was observed between B-MMD and U-MMD. Cross-validation with the OPLS-DA model showed a high accuracy for the prediction of MMD.The results of the study suggest that a metabolomics approach may be helpful in confirming MMD and providing a better understanding of MMD pathogenesis. Elevated glutamine in the CSF may be associated with MMD pathogenesis, which was different from ACVD.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Metabolomics/methods , Moyamoya Disease/cerebrospinal fluid , Adult , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Citric Acid/cerebrospinal fluid , Female , Glucose/cerebrospinal fluid , Glutamic Acid/cerebrospinal fluid , Glutamine/cerebrospinal fluid , Humans , Inositol/cerebrospinal fluid , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Taurine/cerebrospinal fluidABSTRACT
BACKGROUND - To evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers for neuronal degeneration and demyelination in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE), and neurologically healthy subjects. METHODS - Lumbar CSF concentrations of sulfatide, neurofilament protein light (NFL), total-tau (T-tau), hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau), and beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42) were analyzed in 62 INPH patients, 26 SAE patients, and 23 neurologically healthy controls. In INPH patients, samples before and after shunt surgery were analysed. RESULTS - The CSF concentration of NFL was elevated in INPH and SAE compared with the controls, and levels of T-tau, P-tau, and Abeta42 were lower in INPH compared with SAE and controls. No difference was seen for sulfatide. All markers except Abeta42 were significantly elevated after shunt surgery. CONCLUSIONS - The most striking finding was the power of the combined pattern of NFL, P-tau, and Abeta42 in distinguishing between the clinical diagnoses of INPH, SAE, and neurologically healthy elderly.
Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid/chemistry , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/cerebrospinal fluid , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/diagnosis , Nerve Degeneration/cerebrospinal fluid , Nerve Degeneration/diagnosis , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Amyloid beta-Peptides/analysis , Amyloid beta-Peptides/cerebrospinal fluid , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure/physiology , Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/physiopathology , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/diagnosis , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology , Intracranial Hypertension/cerebrospinal fluid , Intracranial Hypertension/diagnosis , Intracranial Hypertension/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Nerve Degeneration/etiology , Neurofilament Proteins/analysis , Neurofilament Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid , Peptide Fragments/analysis , Peptide Fragments/cerebrospinal fluid , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sulfoglycosphingolipids/analysis , Sulfoglycosphingolipids/cerebrospinal fluid , Up-Regulation/physiology , tau Proteins/analysis , tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluidSubject(s)
Encephalomalacia/cerebrospinal fluid , Brain Ischemia/cerebrospinal fluid , Brain Ischemia/complications , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Cerebral Hemorrhage/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebral Hemorrhage/complications , Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology , Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins/analysis , Cerebrovascular Disorders/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications , Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Encephalomalacia/diagnosis , Encephalomalacia/etiology , Humans , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/diagnosis , Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/complications , Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A manifest presence of adenylate kinase activity in cerebrospinal fluid was found in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis. This activity was significantly higher during treatment with co-dergocrine (Hydergin) compared with the two periods before and after treatment.
Subject(s)
Adenylate Kinase/cerebrospinal fluid , Dihydroergotoxine/therapeutic use , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Phosphotransferases/cerebrospinal fluid , Aging , Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects , Humans , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/drug therapyABSTRACT
In order to establish the diagnostic value of clinical chemical analyses of C.S.F. samples, the C.S.F. data from seven hundred patients have been evaluated. The authors discuss the influence this investigation has exerted on their differential diagnostic evaluation.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Adult , Aged , Back Pain/cerebrospinal fluid , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins/analysis , Cerebrovascular Disorders/cerebrospinal fluid , Diagnosis, Differential , Epilepsy/cerebrospinal fluid , Female , Humans , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/cerebrospinal fluid , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/cerebrospinal fluid , Male , Middle Aged , Polyneuropathies/cerebrospinal fluidSubject(s)
Cerebrovascular Disorders/cerebrospinal fluid , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Cerebral Hemorrhage/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebral Infarction/cerebrospinal fluid , Diagnosis, Differential , Erythrocyte Count , Humans , Hypertension/cerebrospinal fluid , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples collected from 81 of 241 patients admitted to a district psychiatric hospital during a six month period were assayed for fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) using a haemagglutination inhibition technique. FDP were found in all serum samples. Fifteen patients (18·5%) had FDP in the CSF (range 0·7-3·75 µg/ml.) and of these 13 (87%) had associated CSF protein abnormalities and 9 (60%) were hypertensive. Mean serum FDP values were the same (4·4 µg/ml.) in patients with and without FDP in the CSF. Three patients had raised serum FDP concentrations but no FDP in the CSF. The evidence suggests that the presence of FDP in CSF indicates recent central nervous system damage. In this series the most common cause was vascular disease.
