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1.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm ; 29(5): 991-996, 2021 Jul 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32078414

ABSTRACT

ABSTARCTPurpose: To investigate ocular manifestations in patients positive for serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in Japan.Methods: The clinical records of patients who had ocular manifestations and who were serum ANCA positive between 2011-2017 at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Eighteen patients were identified to be positive for serum ANCA and had ocular manifestations, including optic nerve involvement (50%), scleritis (27.8%), iritis (27.8%), retinal vasculitis (16.7%), oculomotor disorder (16.7%), and peripheral ulcerative keratitis (11.1%). Six patients had ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), including 5 patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and 1 patient with microscopic polyangiitis. Most patients with optic nerve involvement were myeloperoxidase-ANCA positive. Contrastingly, most patients with anterior segment involvement were proteinase-3-ANCA positive.Conclusion: Ocular manifestations were observed in some patients positive for serum ANCAs. Serum ANCA evaluation is useful for identifying the etiology of ocular inflammation and for diagnosing AAV, a life-threatening disease.


Subject(s)
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/diagnosis , Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/blood , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnosis , Iritis/diagnosis , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Scleritis/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/drug therapy , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/immunology , Betamethasone/therapeutic use , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/drug therapy , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/immunology , Humans , Iritis/drug therapy , Iritis/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Optic Nerve Diseases/drug therapy , Optic Nerve Diseases/immunology , Retrospective Studies , Scleritis/drug therapy , Scleritis/immunology , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Young Adult
3.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm ; 25(5): 589-595, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27070723

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe differences in the clinical characteristics of birdshot retinochoroidopathy (BSRC) patients diagnosed early and later in life. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. Age was primarily analyzed and 50 years of age at diagnosis was selected as a cut-off point. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients (288 eyes) were included; 68 with early-onset and 76 with late-onset BSRC. The younger group had a statistically significant higher rate of more severe iritis (p = 0.04); an average number of non-steroidal immunosuppressants and biologic agents (NSIB) (p = 0.04); and a prolonged time to initiation of NSIB (p = 0.01). There were only four patients (3%) who had >0.5+ cells in the anterior chamber. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with early-onset BSRC carried a higher risk for anterior segment inflammation, had a more prolonged delay to initiation of treatment with NSIB, and required a greater number of NSIBs to achieve remission.


Subject(s)
Chorioretinitis/diagnosis , Iritis/diagnosis , Adult , Age Distribution , Age of Onset , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Biological Factors/therapeutic use , Birdshot Chorioretinopathy , Chorioretinitis/drug therapy , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Infliximab/therapeutic use , Iritis/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Visual Acuity , Young Adult
4.
Br J Ophthalmol ; 100(8): 1098-101, 2016 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26719491

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: NewColorIris cosmetic iris implants have a record of high ocular morbidity and are no longer in use. Newer generation of iris implants, BrightOcular, have patented posterior grooves in order to decrease iris touch and facilitate aqueous flow around the implant. However, little is known about their safety despite their implantations in 10 countries. METHODS: Collaborative case series of patients who had bilateral implantation of cosmetic iris implants solely for cosmetic reasons. RESULTS: 12 cases were collected being distributed as Caucasian (10) and Asian (2), women (11) and man (1) and with a mean age of 32 years. Ocular manifestations were present in 11 subjects and included anterior uveitis (10 of 12; 83.3%), glaucoma (7 of 12; 58.3%) and corneal decompensation (6 of 12; 50%). Visual acuity was normal in seven, decreased in five with two having visual recovery following explantation of the implant. Glaucoma could not be controlled medically in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: Cosmetic iris implants carry the risk of ocular damage when implanted in the anterior chamber of normal phakic eyes.


Subject(s)
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss/etiology , Glaucoma/etiology , Iris/surgery , Iritis/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Visual Acuity , Adult , Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss/diagnosis , Device Removal , Eye Color , Female , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Iritis/diagnosis , Male , Prosthesis Failure , Young Adult
7.
Optom Vis Sci ; 92(10): e368-70, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26258277

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine that can be instilled into the urinary bladder as immunotherapy against superficial bladder cancer. Several case reports have implicated intravesical BCG in the development of uveitis. Patients treated with BCG therapy may present with systemic symptoms resembling reactive arthritis and, less frequently, have ocular adverse effects including bilateral panuveitis or chorioretinitis. In all but three previously reported cases of uveitis associated with BCG treatment, HLA-B27 has been positive. No patients have been reported to be positive for rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibody (ANA). CASE REPORT: An HLA-B27-negative and low-positive ANA patient presented with bilateral uveitis after treatment with BCG therapy for superficial bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for greater awareness among urologists, primary care physicians, and optometrists of the potential for BCG to cause uveitis. These doctors should look for indicators of uveitis, such as circumlimbal conjunctival injection, photophobia, irregular pupils, and keratic precipitates. Together with appropriate treatment or prompt referral, this could prevent unnecessary morbidity. Future studies are needed to further elucidate the possible reasons for ANA positivity in these patients and the future role of the test in diagnosis and management.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects , BCG Vaccine/adverse effects , Iritis/chemically induced , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , Uveitis, Anterior/chemically induced , Administration, Intravesical , Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood , Cyclopentolate/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , HLA-B27 Antigen/blood , Humans , Immunotherapy , Iritis/diagnosis , Iritis/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Mydriatics/therapeutic use , Uveitis, Anterior/diagnosis , Uveitis, Anterior/drug therapy
9.
Optom Vis Sci ; 92(5): e97-e105, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25871873

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a case of neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with aflibercept intravitreal injections after bilateral bevacizumab injections, administered on separate dates, resulted in bilateral iritis. CASE REPORT: A 73-year-old woman with a previous history of two episodes of nongranulomatous iritis in her right eye that was believed to be associated with her systemic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections for bilaterally occurring neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Initial bevacizumab injections in each eye administered sequentially over a week's time resulted in immediate-onset nongranulomatous iritis in each eye. Subsequent intravitreal injections of aflibercept were administered, and therapeutic benefit was achieved without occurrence of iritis. CONCLUSIONS: In cases where intravitreal bevacizumab results in anterior uveitis, aflibercept may be a safe alternative therapeutic choice for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.


Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Iritis/chemically induced , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/therapeutic use , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use , Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Bevacizumab , Drug Substitution , Female , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Iritis/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity , Wet Macular Degeneration/diagnosis
11.
Eye (Lond) ; 29(5): 619-24, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25697458

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Edinburgh Red Eye Algorithm. METHODS: This was a prospective study. A questionnaire was designed and made available to clinicians referring patients to the acute ophthalmology service within Edinburgh. The questionnaire involved them using the algorithm to reach a diagnosis in patients presenting with red eye(s). Patients were then referred to the emergency eye clinic and the questionnaire faxed to the clinic or sent with the patients. Patients were then examined by an experienced ophthalmologist (not blinded) to reach a 'gold standard' diagnosis. The concordance between the 'algorithm assisted' diagnosis and the 'gold standard' was then assessed. RESULTS: All patients presenting with red eye(s) were eligible for inclusion. Forty-one questionnaires were completed, two were excluded. The algorithm assisted diagnosis was correct 72% (28/39) of the time. It correctly diagnosed: acute angle closure glaucoma in 100% of cases (4/4); iritis in 82% (9/11); stromal keratitis in 63% (5/8); epithelial keratitis in 70% (7/10); and infective conjunctivitis in 50% (3/6). DISCUSSION: The diagnostic accuracy of The Edinburgh Red Eye Diagnostic Algorithm is 72, rising to 76% when only the most serious red eye(s) causes are included. The diagnostic accuracy of non-ophthalmologists when assessing patients presenting with red eye(s) is greater when the algorithm is used. We hope that the use of this algorithm will prevent delayed presentations of certain serious eye conditions and reduce the morbidity from delayed treatment.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Conjunctivitis/diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/standards , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis , Iritis/diagnosis , Keratitis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Aged , Conjunctivitis/microbiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Emergency Medical Services , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Referral and Consultation , Reproducibility of Results , Scotland , Sensitivity and Specificity , Surveys and Questionnaires
12.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20142014 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25404252

ABSTRACT

This case illustrates an oculoischaemic syndrome presenting with iris neovascularisation in a patient with established diabetic retinopathy. It highlights the importance of considering the differential diagnosis of rubeosis in all patients, including those with an underlying vascular pathology. Moreover, it urges clinicians to consider the sequelae of a compromised vascular system, such as the iatrogenic central retinal artery occlusion as a result of intravitreal injections. Early diagnosis not only informs correct ophthalmic treatment, but is crucial in preventing ischaemic stroke and, therefore, reducing the risk of systemic morbidity and mortality.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Eye/blood supply , Glaucoma, Neovascular/etiology , Iritis/complications , Ischemia/etiology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/complications , Adult , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Glaucoma, Neovascular/diagnosis , Humans , Iritis/diagnosis , Ischemia/diagnosis , Male , Neovascularization, Pathologic/diagnosis , Ophthalmic Artery/diagnostic imaging , Ophthalmic Artery/physiopathology , Syndrome , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
14.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 89(4): 143-5, 2014 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24269469

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a case of iris abscess due to bacterial endocarditis. CASE REPORT: A 46-year-old male under diagnosis of promielocitic leukemia and endocarditis presented with decreased vision in left eye (OS). Ophthalmic exploration revealed iris abscess and hypopyon with fibrinous exudate in iris of the left eye and tyndall +1 in right eye (OD). Blood culture and anterior chamber paracentesis was positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and negative for blastic cells in citology. Treatment with systemic antibiotic was initiated with total resolution of inflammation. CONCLUSION: Iris abscess is an unusual septic focus in bacterial endocarditis. It is crucial to rule out an extramedullary metastasis in a patient with leukemia due to the general prognosis.


Subject(s)
Abscess/etiology , Catheter-Related Infections/complications , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Iritis/etiology , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/complications , Staphylococcal Infections/etiology , Abscess/diagnosis , Anterior Chamber/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/etiology , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology , Combined Modality Therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Humans , Iritis/diagnosis , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve/surgery , Paracentesis , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy
17.
Nurs Older People ; 25(5): 27-34; quiz 35, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23914708

ABSTRACT

This article provides an overview of the role of the nurse in the assessment and management of five ocular conditions that give rise to an acute red eye in older people. The conditions discussed are acute closed angle glaucoma, acute iritis, acute conjunctivitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus and bacterial corneal ulcer.


Subject(s)
Nursing Assessment , Acute Disease , Conjunctivitis/diagnosis , Conjunctivitis/etiology , Conjunctivitis/therapy , Corneal Ulcer/diagnosis , Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Corneal Ulcer/therapy , Eye/anatomy & histology , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/therapy , Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/diagnosis , Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/therapy , Humans , Iritis/diagnosis , Iritis/therapy
19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23418730

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report five cases of iritis after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical charts of patients who received intravitreal injections of bevacizumab or ranibizumab from January 2009 to September 2011 by one physician were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 1,097 injections of bevacizumab and 571 of ranibizumab were administered. Five patients developed acute anterior uveitis and presented with severe pain, photophobia, conjunctival injection, and anterior chamber reaction 2 to 24 hours after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. All five patients were treated with topical corticosteroids with rapid resolution of the inflammation. CONCLUSION: Although uncommon, acute iritis is a complication of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab.


Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Iritis/chemically induced , Acute Disease , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Bevacizumab , Conjunctivitis/chemically induced , Conjunctivitis/diagnosis , Conjunctivitis/drug therapy , Eye Pain/chemically induced , Eye Pain/diagnosis , Eye Pain/drug therapy , Female , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Incidence , Intravitreal Injections , Iritis/diagnosis , Iritis/drug therapy , Photophobia/chemically induced , Photophobia/diagnosis , Photophobia/drug therapy , Ranibizumab , Retinal Diseases/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Visual Acuity
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