Delinqüência: etiologia; desenvolvimento de um modelo explicativo / Etiology of delinquency: development of an explanatoru model

O estudo delineia os parâmetros básicos das principais teorias sobre a etiologia da delinqüência até 1980. apresenta como conclusäo, um modelo único que integra todos os modelos expressos naquelas teorias e apresenta dados de pesquisas empíricas que suportam este modelo

[Medico-social characteristics of female adolescents with early alcoholism]. / Mediko-sotsial'naia kharakteristika podrostkov zhenskogo pola s rannim alkogolizmom.

The authors have examined 174 girls and 112 boys aged 14-18 years suffering from early alcoholism. It has been found that the social microenvironment of girls with alcoholism was distinguished by a significantly higher rate of alcoholism in parents and relatives. Delinquent behaviour of girls was characterized by a greater homogeneity than in their male peers and was largely expressed in sexual promiscuity. The authors have described the phenomenon of "pseudo-hypersexuality" manifested by release during intoxication of external manifestations of sexual drive in the presence of general sexual retardation and the absence of true sexual feeling. Psychogenic pathocharacterological development in girls was characterized by lower intensity and dynamics but by greater stability and rigidity. The girls had a lower rate of debility and residual organic cerebral insufficiency but higher prevalence of psychopathies and psychogenic pathological formations.

Violence and youth.

Violence is looked at from ethological, biological and anthropological points of view. The family is examined to determine the roots of violence. Various prospective studies are reviewed to assess the role of temperament, social, familial and economic factors facilitating the development of antisocial and violent behaviour in the youth. There is also a look at the violence committed by groups, nations or governments in the name of God, flag or a just cause. The role that mental health professionals could play in preventing the development of violent behaviour is discussed.

Family influences upon delinquency: biosocial and psychosocial perspectives.

Representative theories and research associated with biosocial and psychosocial explanations of juvenile delinquency in the context of the family are reviewed. The studies discussed demonstrate that biological, psychological, and social forces are all determinants of parent-child relations in the development of delinquency. Theories and research are also reviewed which show how biosocial and psychosocial orientations toward antisocial behavior can be integrated into a unified understanding of delinquency. It is concluded that biosocial and psychosocial theories of delinquency must be considered before a full understanding of delinquent conduct can be reached.

Pediatrics and the high-risk youth: a team member's perspective.

The traditional role of the pediatrician appears to be changing from the practice of preventive medicine for young children to extended care of patients through the college-age. The enlarged scope of pediatric involvement has included a most important role of intervention with a myriad of developmental and behavioral problems. the "high-risks" encountered (and effectively managed) during the newborn period, infancy and early childhood may resurface in the older child as a developmental, cognitive or behavioral disorder. Physicians have a unique opportunity to "quarterback" a specialized service team that contributes to the care of the child with developmental disabilities or behavioral problems. The multidiscipline approach to these complex disorders most often depends upon medical input, interpretation and coordination. The holistic concept of child health care, in its broadest dimensions, is an interdisciplinary challenge. The physician, as a team member, is vital in contributing to the welfare of the "high-risk-youth." The potential pediatrician's involvement with development disabilities and behavioral disorders of childhood may be reflected in the potential quality of the child's life.