ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: ß-lactoglobulin (ß-Lg)-sensitized mice model was employed to investigate the correlation between Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 (Lap KLDS 1.0738) modulating gut microbiota and inducting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression. METHODS: The alterations of mice fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The serum cytokines production and TLR4/NF-κB mRNA expression in the colon tissues were measured by ELISA kit and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The results showed that Lap KLDS 1.0738 pretreatment attenuated ß-Lg-induced hypersensitivity, accompanied with a diminished expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Moreover, oral administration of Lap KLDS 1.0738 improved the richness and diversity of fecal microbiota, which was characterized by fewer Proteobacteria phylum and Helicobacteraceae family, and higher Firmicutes phylum and Lachnospiraceae family than allergic group. Notably, TLR4/NF-κB expression was positively correlated with the family of Helicobacteraceae in allergic group, but negatively correlated with the family of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and anti-inflammatory cytokines level. A significant positive correlation was observed between TLR4/NF-κB expression and the production of histamine, total IgE and pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Intake of Lap KLDS 1.0738 can influence the gut bacterial composition, which might result in recognizing TLRs signaling so as to inhibit allergic response.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Milk Hypersensitivity/immunology , Milk Hypersensitivity/microbiology , Probiotics/pharmacology , Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactoglobulins/immunology , Lactoglobulins/toxicity , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
The dairy protein ß-lactoglobulin (ßlg) is known to form a complex with fatty acids (FA). Due to industrial processing, ßlg is often in its non-native form in food products, which can modify the FA/ßlg complex properties. We investigated the interaction of bovine ßlg, in selected structural forms (native ßlg, a covalent dimer and as nanoparticles), with linoleate (C18:2). Using fluorescence and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, linoleate was found to bind ßlg at two different binding sites. Regardless of the structural state of ßlg, association constants remained in the same order of magnitude. However, the stoichiometry increased up to 6-fold for nanoparticles, compared to that of native ßlg. The impact of these structural changes on linoleate uptake in vitro was measured by cytotoxicity assays on Caco-2 cells. The order of cytotoxicity of linoleate was as follows: free>complexed to dimers>complexed to nanoparticles>complexed to native ßlg. Therefore, the in vitro cytotoxicity of linoleate could be modulated by altering the state of ßlg aggregation, which in turn affects its binding capacity to the FA.
Subject(s)
Lactoglobulins/chemistry , Linoleic Acid/chemistry , Animals , Binding Sites , Caco-2 Cells , Cattle , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dimerization , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Lactoglobulins/metabolism , Lactoglobulins/toxicity , Linoleic Acid/metabolism , Linoleic Acid/toxicity , Protein Binding , Protein FoldingABSTRACT
Previous studies have shown that 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified bovine beta-lactoglobulin is a promising anti-HIV microbicide candidate. Here we found that this chemically modified protein, designated JB01, exhibited highly potent antiviral activity against infection by human papillomaviruses (HPV), including HPV6, HPV16 and HPV18. Its anti-HPV activity was correlated with the percentage of modified lysine and arginine residues in JB01. This modified milk protein had no cytotoxicity at the concentration of 1 mg/ml, and it is highly stable at room temperature and 37 °C for at least 12 weeks. These results suggest that JB01 has good potential to be developed as an effective, safe and inexpensive antiviral agent for treatment and prevention of HPV infection.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Human papillomavirus 16/drug effects , Human papillomavirus 18/drug effects , Human papillomavirus 6/drug effects , Lactoglobulins/pharmacology , Phthalic Anhydrides/pharmacology , Animals , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/toxicity , Cattle , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Human papillomavirus 16/growth & development , Human papillomavirus 18/growth & development , Human papillomavirus 6/growth & development , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Lactoglobulins/chemistry , Lactoglobulins/toxicity , Phthalic Anhydrides/chemistry , Phthalic Anhydrides/toxicity , Protein Stability , Structure-Activity Relationship , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A preclinical study of seven batches of lactoglobulin, a new biological preparation against opportunistic bacteria and salmonellae, has been carried out. High antibacterial activity of the preparation with respect to the virulent forms of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis has been established. The preparation has been shown to be safe and nontoxic. The 4-year term of its storage at a temperature of 6 degrees +/- 4 degrees C has been substantiated.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/drug effects , Lactoglobulins/pharmacology , Salmonella/drug effects , Animals , Drug Storage , Guinea Pigs , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Lactoglobulins/chemistry , Lactoglobulins/toxicity , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Proteus/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a fastidious, facultative gram-negative rod associated with endocarditis, certain forms of periodontal disease, and other focal infections. Human neutrophils have demonstrated bactericidal activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans, and much of the oxygen-dependent killing has been attributed to the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system. However, the contribution of other neutrophil components to killing activity is obscure. Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, is a major constituent of neutrophil-specific granules and is also found in mucosal secretions. In this report, we show that human lactoferrin is bactericidal for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Killing activity required an unsaturated (iron- and anion-free) molecule that produced a 2-log decrease in viability within 120 min at 37 degrees C at a concentration of 1.9 microM. Besides exhibiting concentration dependence, killing kinetics were affected by minor variations in temperature and pH. Magnesium, a divalent cation thought to stabilize lipopolysaccharide interactions on the surface of gram-negative organisms, enhanced lactoferrin killing of A. actinomycetemcomitans, while other cations, such as potassium and calcium, had no effect. Our data suggest that lactoferrin contributes to killing of A. actinomycetemcomitans by human neutrophils and that it may also play a significant role in innate secretory defense against this potential periodontopathogen.
Subject(s)
Actinobacillus/drug effects , Lactoferrin/toxicity , Lactoglobulins/toxicity , Cations/pharmacology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , In Vitro Techniques , Magnesium/pharmacology , TemperatureABSTRACT
Antibrucellosis lactoglobulin obtained by the author had higher specific antibody titres (1 : 81920) than the gamma-globulin batches prepared earlier from the bovine blood serum (1 : 3200). The suggested antibrucellosis lactoglobulin was harmless, of low reactogenicity and produced a definite therapeutic action when administrated to the infected animals. Since lactoglobulin is less expensive than gamma-globulin further work on the improvement of technology of obtaining the former and on the elaboration of the most effective schemes of its use are of expedience.
