A New Sensitive Method for Quantitative Determination of Cisplatin in Biological Samples by Kinetic Spectrophotometry.

This study describes a kinetic spectrophotometric method for accurate, sensitive and rapid determination of cisplatin in biofluids. The developed method is based on the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on the oxidization of Janus Green by bromate in acidic media. The change in absorbance as the criteria of the oxidation reaction was followed spectrophotometrically. To obtain the highest rate of sensitivity, efficient reaction parameters were optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions, a calibration graph was obtained linearly over the range 10.0 - 5750.0 µg L-1 and the limit of detection (3sb/m) was 4.2 µg L-1 of cisplatin. The interfering effect of diverse species was investigated. The developed method was used for the quantification of cisplatin in bio fluids of patients treated with cisplatin, spiked bio fluids and pharmaceutical samples and yielded satisfactory results.

Urinary metabolomics for discovering metabolic biomarkers of laryngeal cancer using UPLC-QTOF/MS.

The incidence of laryngeal cancer (LYC) is second only to lung cancer, which is also the second most common cancer in head and neck cancer. Risk assessment metabolomics biomarkers to diagnose LYC have not been found by now. To profile the metabolites in healthy controls (HCs) and LYC patients (LYCs), urine metabonomics study was performed based on reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RPLC-QTOF/MS). Six urine differentially expressed metabolites (Variable Importance in Projection >1, p < 0.05) were identified by searching reference library or comparing with standard based on OPLS-DA (orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis) model. d-pantothenic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, oleamide, sphinganine and phytosphingosine were identified as differential metabolites associated with the LYC and they might play roles in sphingolipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation in mitochondria, pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, beta-Alanine metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. These six differential metabolites were combined to test the potentiality of diagnosis of LYC. Results revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) value, sensitivity and specificity of receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.97, 95% and 97%, respectively, indicating that this diagnosis method could be used to distinguish LYCs from HCs with good sensitivity and specificity.

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Tumour markers play an important role in the diagnosis of cancer and the early detection of recurrences during follow-up. This study aimed to assess the clinical value of measuring urinary N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (U-NAG) levels in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study included 21 patients with primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 17 cases with recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. U-NAG levels of patients with tumours at different stages were compared with a control group of 19 healthy individuals with no known cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' age, TNM stage, blood urea, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and U-NAG. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found between U-NAG levels of patients with a primary tumour (preoperative period) and the control group (one-way analysis of variance, p = .00; Dunnett's t-test, p = .00). In the postoperative period, the observed trend was that of a significant decrease among primary cases (paired t-test, p = .00). U-NAG levels of patients with a recurrent tumour and patients with a primary tumour (preoperative period) were not significantly different (Tukey honest significant difference test, p = .841). There was no statistically significant difference for blood urea (t = -1.95, p = .064), glucose (t = -1.84, p = .074), or ALT (t = -1.79, p = .080). No significant relationship was found between the TNM stage and preoperative U-NAG levels (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that U-NAG might be used in the diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma and the early detection of recurrences during follow-up. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the prognostic significance of U-NAG levels.

Decrease in vivo of cysteine endopeptidases in blood of patients with tumor of the larynx.

Since cysteine endopeptidase (cathepsins B and L) have been proposed to be implicated in tumor malignancy, we have attempted to decrease these in vivo. Large amounts of urine cysteine peptidase inhibitors (UCPI) are present in the urine of patients. Our results indicate protective effects of a UCIP preparation against human serum cysteine endopeptidases.

[Urinary magnesium levels in precancerous conditions and various stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx]. / Magnez w moczu w stanach przedrakowych oraz róznych stadiach raka plaskonablonkowego krtani.

In 100 cases with different stages of planoepithelial laryngeal cancer and in 13 precancerous changes the urine magnesium levels were examined two times by means of absorptive spectrometry before surgery and half a year after. In precancerous period group (I stage according to WHO) no differences were found in comparison to the control group. As the disease progressed the urine magnesium level deteriorated according to the cancer stages. In IV stage the level was the lowest (P less than 0.01). The normalization of the urine magnesium level was found in some cases 6 months after surgery and radiotherapy.

Urinary androgen- and estrogen excretion in men with pachydermia laryngis and cancer of the larynx.

Considering the larynx as a hormone dependent secondary sex characteristic has previously led to successful antiandrogentherapy of pachydermia of the vocal cords, which may constitute a precancerous state. As a first step to further evaluate the endocrine state of patients with precancerous lesions or cancer of the larynx, the urinary excretion of 17-hydroxysteroids, 17-ketosteroids, testosterone and estrogens has been determined in male patients with pachydermia laryngis (n = 15) or cancer of the larynx (n = 20) as compared to controls with different other otorhino-laryngological affections (n = 20). No difference between groups was found in 17-hydroxysteroids and no significant difference in 17-ketosteroid excretion. The pachydermia group as a whole showed significantly increased levels of testosterone (p = 0.01) and estrogen (p = 0.04) of 64.6 +/- 39.9 microgram/24 hr testosterone versus 34.7 +/- 19.3 microgram/24 hr in controls and 31.7 +/- 16 microgram/24 hr in laryngeal cancer and 277 +/- 14.8 microgram/24 hr total estrogens versus 19.1 +/- 12 microgram/24 hr and 17.8 +/- 8.1 microgram/24 hr respectively. These data further support the idea of hormonal factors playing an important role in the pathogenesis of pachydermia and thus possibly cancer of the larynx. So far, however, they do not permit definite conclusions on the pathogenetic mechanisms involved.

[Testosterone, epitestosterone and total estrogen excretion in men with cancer of certain localizations]. / Ob ékskretsii testosterona, épitestosterona i total'nykh éstrogenov u muzhchin pri rake nekotorykh lokalizatsii.

To obtain more insight into the problem on the concentration of active androgens in the male organism, the diurnal elimination of testosterone, epitestosterone and estrogens in the urine of male patients with cancer of the lung, urinary bladder, larynx and prostate (321 patients), in stage II--III, was estimated. In patients with cancer of the lung and urinary bladder testosterone was found to be lowered, while total estrogens--lowered or unchanged irrespective of age, a relative hyperestrogenization being noted in them. Contrary, in cancer of the larynx and prostate the male hormones were predominating over female ones (hyperandrogenization). In all the examined patients irrespective of the tumor process localization a relative or even absolute predominance of epitestosterone over testosterone was evident.

Anti-androgen-therapy in pachydermia of the female larynx--a new therapeutic possibility.

Case-report about a 56 year old white female patient with pachydermia laryngis and hirsutism, successfully treated with cyproterone-acetate, a testosterone antagonist. The significance of androgenic hormones for the development of epithelial changes in the female larynx is emphasized. The administration of antiandrogenic substances as a new therapeutic measure is discussed.