Subject(s)
Airway Obstruction/history , Bloodletting/history , Famous Persons , Federal Government , Leadership , Otolaryngology/history , Physicians/history , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Diphtheria/history , Faculty, Medical/history , Federal Government/history , History, 18th Century , Humans , Laryngitis/history , Peritonsillar Abscess/history , Schools, Medical/history , Tracheotomy/history , United StatesSubject(s)
Hand/anatomy & histology , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Laryngitis/complications , Laryngitis/history , Marfan Syndrome/complications , Marfan Syndrome/history , Marfan Syndrome/physiopathology , Tuberculosis/complications , Voice Disorders/etiology , Voice Disorders/historyABSTRACT
The management of acute croup syndrome has undergone very interesting changes in the past century. Initially a number of conditions were thought to be synonymous with croup, but with identification of the bacterial and viral etiology these have been separated into different clinical entities: viral croup which is very common and frequently self-limited; bacterial tracheitis, a condition which is infrequently encountered and which may be a complication of viral croup; and epiglottitis or supraglottitis, a disease that has been identified as most frequently due to a specific organism, H. influenzae. The management of the child with airway obstruction has also changed. Before the past decade virtually all children with epiglottitis were treated with tracheotomy and currently very few children are thus treated. Intubation has been showed to be a safe procedure in these cases. There still exists some controversy regarding the treatment of the child with laryngotracheobronchitis. In the vast majority of cases medical management has been successful and in the remainder there is controversy regarding the use of intubation or tracheotomy.
Subject(s)
Croup/history , Laryngitis/history , Child , Child, Preschool , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Infant , Intubation/history , New York City , SyndromeSubject(s)
Croup/history , Laryngitis/history , Child , History, 19th Century , Humans , United StatesSubject(s)
History, 19th Century , Humans , Laryngitis/history , Pharyngitis/history , South Carolina , United StatesSubject(s)
Epiglottitis/history , Famous Persons , Laryngitis/history , Asphyxia/history , History, 18th Century , Humans , Male , United StatesSubject(s)
Famous Persons , Bloodletting/history , England , Epiglottis , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Laryngitis/history , Male , Philosophy, Medical , United StatesABSTRACT
Hemophilus influenzae type B (30 cases), untyped (two cases), and type A (one case), and H parainfluenzae (one case) were recovered in blood cultures from 44 cultures of 53 children with acute epiglottitis. These patients were managed by observation, tracheotomy, or intubation, with intubation being the most satisfactory. Both ampicillin and chloramphenicol have been employed recently because of the emergence of ampicillin resistance, which was 18.7% of all cases in 1977.
