Complications of dermatologic lasers in high Fitzpatrick phototypes and management: an updated narrative review.

This article explores the intricacies of laser surgery, acknowledging inherent risks and complications. Patients with higher Fitzpatrick phototypes, characterized by unique biological traits, face heightened vulnerability during laser treatments. Limited experience with darker skin tones necessitates a higher level of laser expertise and a conservative approach. The study aims to comprehensively review laser therapy's side effects and complications, with a specific focus on Fitzpatrick phototypes IV through VI. We searched the MEDLINE database from 1972 to 2023 to consolidate knowledge. Results illuminate nuanced challenges associated with laser surgery in higher phototypes. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the need for enhanced expertise and caution in laser procedures for individuals with darker skin, offering valuable insights to optimize patient safety and outcomes.

Rectal perforation after laser hemorrhoidoplasty: a case report.

This case report outlines the intricate management of rectal perforation following laser hemorrhoidoplasty in a 31-year-old female, leading to an acute abdomen, sepsis, and multiorgan failure. Urgent laparoscopic exploration and the establishment of a double-loop colostomy were undertaken, marking the beginning of a complex course characterized by relapsed pelvic sepsis. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty has gained widespread acceptance for its minimally invasive approach in treating hemorrhoids. Remarkably, to our knowledge, the case we present is the first major complication reported after laser hemorrhoidoplasty, likely attributed to collateral thermic and mechanical tissue damage.

Enhancing continence post holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: assessment of novel technique through randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Transient urinary incontinence (UI) is distressing event following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Novel technique namely, veil sparing HoLEP (VS-HoLEP), was proposed to improve early continence outcome. In this trial (NCT03494049), VS-HoLEP was compared to standard HoLEP (St-HoLEP). METHODS: VS-HoLEP entails early apical separation with sparing of ventral apical mucosal veil proximal to the verumontanum. Eligible symptomatic BPH patients were randomly allocated to St-HoLEP (91) and VS-HoLEP (89). The primary outcome was UI as depicted by one-hour pad test at one month postoperatively. Other outcome measures include all perioperative parameters, complications, and urinary outcome measures at different follow-up points. RESULTS: Median preoperative prostate size was 138 (50:282) and 128 (50:228) mL in St-HoLEP and VS-HoLEP groups respectively. At one month the number of patients with positive one-hour pad test was 21 (23.1%) and 10 (11.4%) in St-HoLEP and VS-HoLEP groups respectively (P 0.047). The difference was significantly in favor of VS-HoLEP considering the number of patients reporting UI, the number of patients with positive one-hour pad test as well as the grade of UI reported at one and 4 months. The difference was not statistically significant at 12 months. The median time to patients' reported continence was 8 (1-52) and 1.5 (1-52) weeks in St-HoLEP and VS-HoLEP groups respectively (P≤0.005). The technique independently predicted positive one-hour pad test at one and four months respectively. At twelve months presence of DM (diabetes mellitus) and more percent PSA reduction independently predicted positive one-hour pad test. CONCLUSIONS: Veil sparing HoLEP enhances significantly early postoperative urine continence both subjectively and objectively. Optimization of the surgical technique could cut short the number of leaking patients and reduce the degree as well as the duration of transient postoperative urine leak.

Comparison of laser versus cold knife visual internal urethrotomy in the treatment of urethral stricture (stricture length <2 cm): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: There is still controversy regarding the safety and efficacy of cold knife visual internal urethrotomy and laser incisions for the treatment of urethral stricture. This study aims to compare the results of postoperative long-term and short-term maximum urinary flow rates (Qmax), surgical time, postoperative complications, and 1-year recurrence rates between the cold knife and laser surgery. METHODS: We searched databases including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Clinical Trials.gov to identify relevant literature published in English up to September 2023. We used Stata to compare various parameters. This study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023471634). Nine comparative experiments were conducted, involving a total of 659 participants. RESULTS: The laser group showed significantly better results compared to the cold knife group in terms of postoperative 12-month maximum urinary flow rate (mean differences [MD] 2.131; 95% [1.015, 3.249], P < .0001), postoperative bleeding (RR 0.277, 95% [0.079, 0.977], P = .046), and 1-year recurrence rate (RR 0.667, 95% [0.456, 0.976], P = .037). However, there were no significant differences in postoperative 6-month and 3-month Qmax, surgical time, urethral leakage complications, overall complications, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. CONCLUSION: The current study results suggest that laser urethral incision has greater advantages in the long-term (12 months), 1-year recurrence rate, and bleeding complications compared to cold knife urethral incision in the treatment of urethral stricture (<2 cm). Therefore, laser urethral incision may be a better choice for patients with urethral stricture.

Diode laser surgery for the treatment of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia: a case report.

Denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia (DIFH) is a persistent lesion caused by low-intensity chronic injury of the tissue in contact with an ill-fitting, over-extended denture. This fibrous connective tissue lesion commonly occurs in oral mucosa in patients showing important alveolar ridge atrophy. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for DIFH. This article describes a successful laser surgery to remove a DIFH on a lower alveolar ridge of a patient wearing an ill-fitting completely removable denture. The use of a diode laser may result in less surgical time, less bleeding during surgery, more vestibular depth, better re-epithelialization of the wound, and no need for suturing.

The palliative role of lasers in the treatment of melanoma.

Melanoma, accounting for a significant proportion of skin cancer-related deaths, has variable survival outcomes based on the stage at diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Traditional treatments, while effective, pose risks of scarring and systemic side effects. Laser therapy offers an emerging non-surgical alternative, with CO2 lasers particularly showing promise in palliative care.A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, focusing on laser therapy for melanoma treatment. The search included studies on both stand-alone and adjunct laser therapies, with inclusion criteria requiring peer-reviewed articles detailing treatment outcomes for primary, recurrent, or metastatic melanoma.The literature shows that laser therapy for melanoma falls into four major types when categorized by laser medium: solid-state, diode, pulse-dye, and gas (CO2). Data on solid-state lasers for melanoma are limited and their use remains controversial. However, one study with high-energy pulsed neodymium lasers reported a 5-year survival of 82.9% with minimal adverse effects for primary melanoma. CO2 laser therapy has been effective for palliative treatment, with one study showing 54.8% of patients with recurrent melanoma surviving 5.4 years post-ablation. For metastatic melanoma, numerous studies have shown that CO2 laser therapy can provide symptomatic relief and disease control. Combination therapies using lasers and immune-based therapies have demonstrated enhanced outcomes and immune activation, highlighting the potential of laser therapies in melanoma management.While traditional treatments remain the standard for primary melanoma, laser therapies, particularly CO2 laser ablation, show substantial promise in palliative care for metastatic melanoma. Careful patient selection and assessment are crucial for achieving positive outcomes.

Case Series and Review of Literature for Superior Vena Cava Injury During Laser Lead Extraction.

Transvenous laser lead extraction poses a risk of major complications (0.19%-1.8%), notably injury to the superior vena cava (SVC) in 0.19% to 0.96% of cases. Various factors contribute to SVC injury, which can be categorized as patient-related (such as female gender, low body mass index, diabetes, renal problems, anemia, and reduced ejection fraction), device-related (including the number, dwell time, and type of leads), or procedural-related (such as reason for extraction, venous obstructions, and bilateral lead placements).

Thulium fiber laser enucleation of the prostate: a systematic review of the current outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: One recent addition to different lasers used for endoscopic enucleation of the prostate is the thulium fiber laser (TFL). The purpose of this systematic review is to present the feasibility, safety and efficacy of TFL Enucleation of the Prostate (ThuFLEP). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: PubMed®, Scopus® and Cochrane® primary databases were systematically screened. The search strategy used the PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) criteria. Patients should be adults with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) undergoing ThuFLEP. While comparative studies reporting comparison of ThuFLEP to other BPO treatments were included, cohort studies with no comparison group were also accepted. Outcomes including enucleation time and complication rates were reported. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Twelve studies met all the predefined criteria and were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Mean operative time and enucleation time ranged from 46.6±10.2 to 104.5±33.6 and from 38.8±17.9 to 66.0±24.9 minutes, respectively. Most of the complications were Grade I or Grade II ones. Although TFL was found to present some advantages over older BPO treatments, its outcomes were comparable with other endoscopic enucleation approaches. CONCLUSIONS: ThuFLEP seems to be a feasible, safe and efficient approach for BPO symptoms management. Limited evidence showed that although ThuFLEP was associated with a reduced total operative time, it was also associated with worse IPSS improvement at 1-year follow-up, when compared with MOSESTM Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). These findings confirm the well-established opinion that the enucleation technique itself is more important than the technology which is used.

Comparison of urinary incontinence following three different prostate apex disconnection techniques in transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the incidence of urinary incontinence following transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy with three different prostate apex disconnection techniques: semi-separation, pre-separation, and post-separation. The findings aim to provide references for clinical treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 74 patients treated with transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy for prostatic hyperplasia from April 2022 to March 2023. Complete clinical and follow-up data were available for 52 patients. Clinical and follow-up data were collected for these patients. A comparison was made of urinary incontinence following the three different types of prostate apex disconnection in transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy. RESULTS: In this study, the immediate postoperative urinary incontinence rate for transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy was 9.62% (5/52), the short-term incontinence rate was 11.54% (5/52), and the long-term incontinence rate was 9.62% (5/52). The immediate postoperative incontinence rates for semi-separation, pre-separation, and post- separation were 8.33% (1/12), 8.33% (2/24), and 12.5% (2/16), respectively. The short-term incontinence rates for semi-separation, pre-separation, and post-separation were 8.33% (1/12), 8.33% (2/24), and 18.75% (3/16), respectively. The long-term incontinence rates for semi-separation, pre-separation, and post-separation were 8.33% (1/12), 8.33% (2/24), and 12.5% (2/16), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of urinary incontinence following transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy was lower with semi-separation and pre-separation compared to post-separation.

Comparison of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation, laser ablation, and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of elderly patients with benign thyroid nodules: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: A new minimally invasive technique, ultrasound-guided thermal ablation has become one of the treatment methods for benign thyroid nodules. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of elderly patients with benign thyroid nodules. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for qualified randomized controlled studies (RCTs) issued from establishing databases to March 2022. After screening and evaluating the article quality, the data on nodular volume reduction rate (VRR) and the incidence of complications after thermal ablation were extracted and analyzed by RevMan 5.3 and Stata l4.0. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included seven articles with 3055 participants. We found that LA, RFA, and MWA could markedly reduce the volume of benign thyroid nodules. LA was superior to RFA and MWA in reducing the volume of benign thyroid nodules in 6 months of follow-up (all P < 0.05). LA, RFA, and MWA can be safely implemented in patients with benign thyroid nodules. The incidence of significant complications after the RFA group was enhanced compared with that in the MWA (P < 0.05), and the incidence of secondary complications after RFA was slightly higher than that of LA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LA, RFA, and MWA can markedly reduce the volume of benign thyroid nodules in elderly patients and can safely treat benign thyroid nodules.

Resurfacing of atrophic facial acne scars with a multimodality CO2 and 1570 nm laser system.

BACKGROUND: Scarring is one of the most prevalent long-term complications of acne vulgaris and has cosmetic, psychological, and social burdens. Contemporary management programs integrate multiple modalities to best address the multiple factors underlying their development and persistence. This work assessed the impact of sequential multimodal laser therapy on acne scar geometrics and texture. METHODS: Adult patients (n = 16) with Fitzpatrick skin type II-IV and presenting with facial acne scars, underwent three combination ablative (CO2), and nonablative (1570 nm) laser treatment sessions at two-month intervals. Treatment was delivered using a ProScan Hybrid applicator, with each regimen including illumination with both ablative and a nonablative lasers applied in a grid mode sequence. Scar microtopography was assessed at baseline and 6 months after the last treatment session. RESULTS: At baseline, all patients had both box and rolling scars, while only three had icepick scars. Six months following treatment, mean scar volume improved from 5.7 ± 5.2 mm3 at baseline to 3.1 ± 3.0 mm3 and mean affected area improved from 165.6 ± 134.0 mm2 94.0 ± 80.1 mm2, translating to 47.0 ± 7.9% and 43.2 ± 8.6% reductions from baseline, respectively. Patients were highly satisfied with treatment outcomes, and no serious adverse reactions were documented during the course of treatment or follow-up. CONCLUSION: Multimodal CO2 and 1570-nm laser treatment improved the surface profilometry of patients with atrophic facial acne scars. Customization of both treatment intervals and laser settings to cosmetic regions, scar profiles and skin phototypes may further enhance treatment outcomes and expand its applicability to additional skin deformities.

Use of a fractional 1570-nm diode laser scanner for non-ablative face and neck rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: The use of non-ablative fractionated lasers for skin rejuvenation has been proven to be effective in improving skin texture, and has become popular due to minimal wounding, significantly shorter recovery times and decreased adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze improvement in skin texture in healthy women aged over 18 years with Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV. METHODS: Participants received three facial and/or neck treatments with the 1570-nm fractional scanning diode laser at 1-month intervals. Three months after the last treatment session two blinded evaluators assessed skin improvement using before and after photos. Pain and patient satisfaction were recorded. RESULTS: Sixteen women with a mean age of 45.4 ± 4.1 years (range 35-50 years) and skin type II-IV were included in the analysis. All 16 participants received facial treatments and seven (43.8%) also received neck treatments. Three months follow-up evaluation showed that the majority of participants had a visible change in the treated areas. Mean pain score was low and decreased with each treatment session. CONCLUSION: Skin treatment using fractional scanning 1570-nm diode laser improves skin laxity in women with skin types II-IV. Larger studies are warranted to further clarify the efficacy and safety of this modality.

No side effects on rabbit retina or vitreous microenvironment by nd:YAG laser vitreolysis.

BACKGROUND: To explore the safety of Neodymium:Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser vitreolysis based on the histological examination of the retina and the alteration of vitreous cytokines in the rabbits. METHODS: Nine male New Zealand rabbits underwent Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis of 10 mJ x 500 pulses in the left eyes, while the right eyes were used as controls. Intraocular pressure, color fundus photography, and ultrasound B scan were measured before, as well as 1 day, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis. Three rabbits were euthanized 1 day, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to look for pathological changes in the retina. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and some inflammatory cytokines, including interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interlenkin 6 (IL-6) in the vitreous humor. The ascorbic acid (AsA) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) in the vitreous humor were also measured. RESULTS: Following Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis, the levels of VEGF, IP-10, MCP-1, IL6, AsA, and TRAP in the vitreous humor did not change substantially (P > 0.05). There were no detectable pathological changes in the retinal tissues, and no apoptotic signal was found. CONCLUSIONS: Rabbits tolerate Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis without observable impact on retinal tissue or the microenvironment of the vitreous.

Endovenous Microwave Ablation Versus Laser Ablation for Small Saphenous Vein Varicosis.

INTRODUCTION: Laser and radiofrequency ablation are two thermal ablation methods currently widely used to treat lower limb venous insufficiency. However, very few studies have been conducted on the use of microwaves, a form of thermal ablation, for the treatment of small saphenous vein (SSV) insufficiency. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of endovenous microwave ablation (EMA) for the treatment of SSV insufficiency. METHODS: The clinical data of 126 patients (126 lower limbs) with SSV insufficiency (SSV trunk reflux time ≥ 500 ms on lower limb color Doppler ultrasound) treated at the Surgery Department of The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhuji from January 2020 to June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively; 64 patients underwent EMA and 62 underwent endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). The perioperative marker data [duration of surgery, duration of hospitalization, length of thermal ablation, duration of thermal ablation, number of incisions, and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS)], complication data [skin ecchymosis, skin burns, surgical site infection, paresthesia, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT)], venous clinical severity score (VCSS), chronic venous disease quality of life questionnaire (CIVIQ-20) before and 1, 3, 12 months after surgery, and SSV trunk occlusion rate at 12 months after surgery were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: No significant differences in the surgery or hospitalization durations were observed between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the length of the SSV that required thermal ablation between the two groups; however, the thermal ablation time was shorter in the EMA group than that in the EVLA group (6.14 ± 1.47 min vs 7.05 ± 1.16 min, P < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in the number of incisions, volume of tumescent solution used, or quantity of sclerosing foam used. The NPRS scores of the EMA group at 24 h and 72 h after surgery were significantly greater than those of the EVLA group (4.03 ± 0.98 vs 3.52 ± 1.28, P = 0.013; 3.78 ± 1.06 vs 3.15 ± 1.03, P = 0.001). Moreover, the two groups showed no significant difference in the NPRS score at 1 month (1.14 ± 0.84 vs 1.07 ± 0.75, P = 0.623). The EMA and EVLA group patients experienced similar postoperative complications. The VCSS and CIVIQ-20 score significantly improved at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery. The VCSS and CIVIQ-20 scores were compared between the two groups at 12 months after surgery, and there were no significant differences (1.44 ± 0.63 vs 1.56 ± 0.56, P = 0.261; 24.24 ± 4.96 vs 25.19 ± 5.36, P = 0.304). There was no significant difference in the incidence of SSV trunk occlusion at 12 months after surgery between the two groups (95.31% vs 96.77%, OR 1.475; 95% CI 0.238-9.146, P = 1.000). CONCLUSION: EMA and EVLA are equally effective treatment methods for SSV insufficiency. EMA is associated with higher NPRS scores in the early postoperative period.

Intravitreal Aflibercept vs Laser Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Two-Year Efficacy and Safety Outcomes in the Nonrandomized Controlled Trial FIREFLEYE next.

Importance: Prospective long-term data after retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections vs laser therapy are scarce. The FIREFLEYE (Aflibercept for ROP IVT Injection vs Laser Therapy) next trial is prospectively evaluating the long-term efficacy and safety outcomes following ROP treatment with intravitreal aflibercept vs laser therapy. Objective: To evaluate 2-year ophthalmic and safety outcomes after 0.4-mg aflibercept injection or laser therapy in the 24-week randomized (2:1) FIREFLEYE trial (FIREFLEYE outcomes previously reported). Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective nonrandomized controlled trial performed in 24 countries in Asia, Europe, and South America (2020-2025) follows up participants treated in the FIREFLEYE randomized clinical trial (2019-2021) through 5 years of age. Participants included children born very or extremely preterm (gestational age ≤32 weeks) or with very or extremely low birth weight (≤1500 g) who were previously treated with a 0.4-mg injection of aflibercept compared with laser therapy for severe acute-phase ROP. Data for the present interim analysis were acquired from March 18, 2020, to July 25, 2022. Interventions: Complications of ROP treated at investigator discretion (no study treatment). Main Outcomes and Measures: Efficacy end points included ROP status, unfavorable structural outcomes, ROP recurrence, treatment for ROP complications, completion of vascularization, and visual function. Safety end points included adverse events and growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Results: Overall, 100 children were enrolled (median gestational age, 26 [range, 23-31] weeks; 53 boys and 47 girls). Of these, 21 were Asian, 2 were Black, 75 were White, and 2 were of more than 1 race. At 2 years of age, 61 of 63 children (96.8%) in the aflibercept group vs 30 of 32 (93.8%) in the laser group had no ROP. Through 2 years of age, 62 of 66 (93.9%) in the aflibercept group and 32 of 34 (94.1%) in the laser group had no unfavorable structural outcomes. No new retinal detachment occurred during the study. Four children in the aflibercept group (6.1%) were treated for ROP complications before 1 year of age (2 had preexisting end-stage disease and total retinal detachment; 1 had reactivated plus disease; and 1 had recurrent retinal neovascularization not further specified). Most children were able to fix and follow a 5-cm toy (aflibercept group, 118 of 122 eyes [96.7%] among 63 children; laser group, 62 of 63 eyes [98.4%] among 33 children). High myopia was present in 9 of 115 eyes (7.8%) among 5 children in the aflibercept group and 13 of 60 eyes (21.7%) among 9 children in the laser group. No relevant differences in growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition were identified. Conclusions and Relevance: In this nonrandomized follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing treatment of severe acute-phase ROP with 0.4-mg injection of aflibercept and laser, disease control was stable and visual function was appropriate in children through 2 years of age. No adverse effects on safety, including growth and neurodevelopment, were identified. These findings provide clinically relevant long-term information on intravitreal aflibercept injection therapy for ROP. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04015180.

Spontaneous resolution of eruptive papules following ablative laser resurfacing-Case report and review of laser-associated eruptive keratoacanthomas.

BACKGROUND: Keratoacanthomas (KAs) following laser treatment are a rare, but well-described entity. AIM: Herein, we describe a case of eruptive keratoacanthoma (KA) following laser resurfacing treatment and aim to better characterize laser-associated KAs. METHODS: A literature search was performed on PubMed reviewing laser-associated KAs including various characteristics: epidemiology, history of skin cancer, location, and number, type of laser, as well as the management and outcome. RESULTS: Fractional ablative was the most common type of laser triggering KAs, and most cases presented within the first month following treatment. The majority of cases of laser-induced KA had a prior history of a malignant or premalignant skin neoplasm. Laser-induced KAs were treated using modalities similar to KAs arising in other contexts. CONCLUSION: Clinicians need to be knowledgeable and prepared to understand, and manage complications following laser treatments, as rare as they may be, including KAs.

Ejaculatory and erectile function outcomes following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

PURPOSE: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a surgical treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Many men develop retrograde ejaculation postprocedure, but there is conflicting evidence regarding sexual function outcomes post-HoLEP. We sought to examine significant variations in patient-reported erectile and ejaculatory function within 12 months post-HoLEP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study for patients who underwent HoLEP between Nov 2018 and Feb 2022. Of the reviewed patients, 277 patients met inclusion criteria and completed pre and postoperative questionnaires, which included the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire- Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EJD) and the International Index of Erectile Function/Sexual Health Inventory for Men (IIEF-5/SHIM). Surveys were provided to patients up to 12 months postprocedure. Demographics and comorbidities associated with sexual dysfunction were collected. Responses to each question were analyzed to detect sub-categorical variations in sexual function as the secondary objective. Data was analyzed by using a linear mixed model. RESULTS: There was a significant decline in total scores for the MSHQ-EJD (8.70 pre-HoLEP vs. 6.58 post HoLEP, p ≤ 0.001) including a significant decline (p < 0.005) in questions 1-3 which assess ejaculatory ability, strength, and volume. There was not a significant decline in question 4 which assesses bother (2.552 pre-HoLEP vs. 3.119 post-HoLEP, p = 0.526). There was not a significant decline in the IIEF-5/SHIM postoperatively (11.51 pre-HoLEP vs. 13.327 post-HoLEP, p = 0.498). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing HoLEP do not experience a decline in erectile function. Patients do experience a decline in ejaculatory function but did not find this bothersome.

Influence of Early Apical Release on Outcomes in Endoscopic Enucleation of the Prostate: Results From a Multicenter Series of 4392 Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes after laser endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) stratified by whether early apical release (EAR) was performed or not. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent EEP with holmium or thulium fiber laser in 8 centers (January 2020-January 2022). EXCLUSION CRITERIA: previous prostate/urethral surgery, prostate cancer, pelvic radiotherapy, concomitant lower urinary tract surgery. One-to-one propensity score-matching was performed between patients with EAR vs no EAR, with covariates including age, prostate volume, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, preoperative indwelling catheter, IPSS, Qmax, enucleation, and laser types. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate independent predictors of 30-day postoperative complications and urinary incontinence. RESULTS: EAR was performed in 2094 of 4392 included patients. The matched cohort consisted of 787 patients per arm. Total operation time was significantly longer in the EAR group (median 75 vs 67 minutes, P = .004). Early complications were higher in the EAR group (18.6% vs 12.5%, P = .001), while postoperative incontinence rates were similar (14.1% vs 13.1%, P = .61). Multivariable regression analysis showed that 3-lobe enucleation and operation time were significant predictors of postoperative complications; preoperative indwelling catheterization, higher prostate volume, and en-bloc enucleation were associated with higher odds of postoperative incontinence. LIMITATION: retrospective nature. CONCLUSION: Performing EAR during EEP is associated with a greater incidence of early complications, which was mainly driven by higher rates of postoperative hematuria and perioperative transfusion. The risk of postoperative incontinence and its duration are not affected by EAR.

Extensive Endolaser During Vitrectomy for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Is Associated With Epiretinal Membrane Formation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation, a common complication following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, is associated with vision loss and metamorphopsias. Although laser retinopexy is generally associated with ERM formation, the correlation between the extent of laser treatment and ERM formation during PPV is not well established. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with ERM formation including extend of endolaser retinopexy after PPV for primary RRD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational case series of 181 consecutive patients (185 eyes) who underwent PPV for primary RRD repair by a single surgeon was performed. Charts were reviewed by two independent reviewers, and de-identified data including patient characteristics and intraoperative findings such as number of laser spots placed were recorded. RESULTS: Postoperative ERM formation occurred in 75 eyes (40.5%) of which 68 (90.6%) were Stage 1, two (2.6%) were Stage 2, three (4%) were Stage 3, and two (2.6%) were Stage 4. Only one patient required secondary PPV for visually significant ERM. Patients with ERM had significantly more laser spots compared with patients with no ERM, with a mean of 807 and 519 laser spots respectively (95% CI: 387.6 to -187.3; P < 0.0001). Univariable analysis identified ≥750 endolaser spots (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.0 to 8.4; P < 0.0001), ≥4 retinal tears (OR = 2.8, 95%: CI 1.4 to 6.4; P = 0.005), and female sex (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.7; P = 0.02) as significantly associated factors. After adjusting for potential confounding factors (ie, age, sex, macula status, lattice degeneration, length of symptoms, vitreous hemorrhage, number of endolaser spots, number of retinal tears) in multivariable logistic regression, ≥ 750 endolaser spots (OR = 2.4; P = 0.04) and female sex (OR = 2.4; P = 0.03) persisted as significant independent factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified ≥ 750 laser spots and female sex as independent risk factors for ERM formation following PPV for RRD with an OR of 2.4 each. Although the incidence of ERM formation was generally high (40.5%), only one case required secondary PPV with ERM peeling, and visual outcomes were comparable between patients with and without ERM at final follow up. While endolaser photocoagulation is critical for successful RRD repair, consideration of the risk of ERM formation with extensive laser exposure is warranted. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:326-333.].