Prognostic significance of BsALP in healing of long bone fractures.

The aim of this work was to assess the relationship of both total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BsALP) with the course and outcome of operatively treated long-bone fractures. The activity of total ALP and BsALP was measured in 41 patients with a long bone fracture, comprising 26 men and 15 women. All patients were treated operatively. Total ALP and BsALP levels were measured in sera on day 1, 7, 14 and 21 after sustaining injury. Patient monitoring included X-rays. According to the outcome, patients were divided into two groups: the fast healing group and the slow healing group. The levels of total ALP and BsALP showed parallel trends in the course of this study. Depending on the healing outcome, on day 7 an increase in the case of slow healing, or a decrease in the case of fast healing, for both BsALP and total ALP was observed. No difference was found between various sites of bone fracture. This is an important result indicating the prognostic significance of total ALP and BsALP measurement in the monitoring of long bone fracture healing. In addition, an early change in the level of these enzymes was associated with the efficiency of the performed surgery.

Localization and quantification of muscle damage by magnetic resonance imaging following step exercise in young women.

Eccentric exercise affects muscles differentially according to intensity, duration, and previous exposure to the specific exercise activity. We used T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences to localize and quantify muscle damage following step exercise and to determine correlations between transverse relaxation time (T2) and other markers of muscle damage. Eight women performed two-step exercise bouts (30 min) separated by 8 weeks. Blood samples, MR scans, measurements of muscle strength, and muscle soreness were obtained immediately before, after, and up to 9 days after each bout. Resting muscle T2 (40.3+/-0.6 ms) increased exclusively in m. Adductor magnus (AM) in the thigh performing eccentric contractions and peaked 3 days after bout 1 (73.5+/-9.7 ms, P<0.05). Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity peaked on day 3 after bout 1 and correlated with T2 in AM (r=0.96, P<0.001). After bout 2 CK and T2 were almost unaffected. This indicates that T2-weighted MRI can be applied to identify muscles from which enzymes are being released into the circulation.

[Effect of applicative-sorptive therapy on the activity of various enzymes and inhibitors of the kallikrein-kinin system in traumatic disease]. / Vliianie applikatsionno-sorbtsionnoi terapii na aktivnos't nekotorykh fermentov i ingibitorov kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy v dinamike travmaticheskoi bolezni.

On the model of musculocutaneous wound in rabbits, the effect of applicative sorption with the use of activated carbonic fibrous materials on the course of traumatic disease was studied. The total esterase activity of the blood serum, activity of alpha 1-inhibitor of proteinases, kallikrein content in the blood serum were defined. It is shown, that changes in biochemical indices are in agreement with the findings of clinical observations and outcome of traumatic disease. The use of activated carbonic fibrous material at the early period of traumatic disease contributes to its favourable course, prevents the development of complications and death of the animals from sepsis.

Histochemical correlates of hamstring injuries.

This study reports the histochemical fiber type composition of the human hamstring muscles. Muscle specimens from necropsy specimens were obtained from seven locations in the hamstring, four locations in the quadriceps, and one location in the adductor magnus. The hamstring muscles are shown to have a relatively high proportion of Type II fibers. Type II fibers are more involved with exercise of higher intensity and force production and it is postulated that the hamstrings are capable of high intrinsic force production. The hamstrings are two-joint muscles and are, therefore, subject to increased stretch and force production extrinsically by motion at the hip and knee. It is proposed that high levels of tension in the hamstrings produced by intrinsic force production and extrinsic stretch may make them prone to injury in periods of intense muscular activity. This proposal is also relevant to other frequent athletic muscle injuries.

[Effect of a combined radiation lesion on the enzyme activity of the glutathione redox system of the rat liver]. / Vliianie kombinirovannogo radiatsionnogo porazheniia na aktivnost' fermentov redoks-sistemy glutationa pecheni krys.

A study was made of activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase in the rat liver under x-ray treatment in doses of 206 or 155 mC/kg coupled with mechanical injury (closed fracture of the leg bones). Radiation in a dose of 206 mC/kg gave rise to the following changes in activity of glutathione redox-system enzymes: reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase on the 3d day, and increased activity of glutathione reductase, and glutathione-dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase on the 7th day after combined radiation injury. Radiation in a dose of 155 mC/kg was accompanied by increased activity of glutathione-dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase on the 7th day and reduced glutathione reductase activity on the 30th day after the injury infliction.

Renal lysozyme levels in animals developing Proteus mirabilis-induced pyelonephritis.

In animals developing experimentally induced unilateral pyelonephritis, both the infected kidney (IK) and the contralateral noninfected kidney (NIK) showed an immediate increase in renal lysozyme activity of about 5 days' duration after the unilateral injection of viable Proteus mirabilis into the renal cortex. Lysozyme activities of the NIK were consistently higher than those of the IK. This initial increase was followed by a second increase which lasted throughout the period of observation (17 days), and enzyme activities of the NIK were consistently higher than those of the IK. In saline punctured kidneys of control animals, both the saline punctured kidney (SP) and the non-saline punctured kidney (NSP) showed only the immediate increase in renal lysozyme activity, which persisted until the SP was completely healed. These enzyme activities were less than those observed in the infected animals, but the response of the NSP was greater than that of the SP. Trauma not directed to the kidney does not produce a similar response of renal lysozyme. The elevated renal lysozyme of the NIK could not be shown to protect it from bacterial infection.