Simultaneous appearance of leukemoid reaction and phlegmasia cerulea dolens.

A leukemoid reaction is an extreme form of reactive leukocytosis defined as granulocytic leukocytosis above 50 × 10(9)/L produced by normal bone marrow, mostly in response to systemic infection or cancer. The mechanism as to how the haematopoetic system is altered to elevate production of myeloid cells is not known. A 69-year-old man presented with phlegmasia cerulea dolens caused by massive iliofemoral thrombosis. His workout at admission revealed absolute white blood cell count of 73.4 × 10(9)/L, with neutrophil granulocyte of 68.5 × 10(9)/L. The new increase in white blood cell count happened at day 5 after admission, when the haematoma of the anteromedial thigh was evacuated in general anaesthesia. There was a gradual decrease in counts until they reached the normal range. Deteriorated general condition with signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome improved with supportive therapy, and the patient was discharged from hospital after 30 days. During hospitalization we did not identify any infectious focus, or any malignancy. We could not exclude other occult chronic conditions (malignancy) but the patient did not develop any other condition during 4.5 years of follow-up.

[Leukemoid reaction with uncommonly high leucocytosis in the course of serious infection]. / Odczyn bialaczkowy z niespotykanie wysoka leuko- cytoza w przebiegu ciezkiego zakazenia.

We present a case of 51-year old female patient with gastrointestinal perforation and septic shock leading to leukemoid reaction with WBC 155 x 109/l. Leukemoid reaction in neoplasms and infections can mimic chronic myelogenous leukaemia and is an important diagnostic problem.

Priapismo secundario a reacción leucemoide paraneoplásica en paciente con cáncer de vejiga / Priapism following paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction in a patient with bladder cancer

El priapismo asociado a tumores sólidos suele producirse por metástasis peneanas o por infiltración tumoral directa de los cuerpos cavernosos. Las neoplasias son responsables del 3-8% de los casos de priapismo, y en el 80% de los casos el tumor primario es de origen génito-urinario.La reacción leucemoide es un trastorno hematológico caracterizado por una leucocitosis superiora 50000/microl, que se desarrolla de forma reactiva ante diversos procesos patológicos como inflamaciones severas, infecciones diseminadas, intoxicaciones y tumores. El mecanismo fisiopatológico que explica el priapismo secundario a reacción leucemoide es una obstrucción intravascular por hiperviscosidad sanguínea, que origina una estasis sanguínea en las venas cavernosas, impidiendo el drenaje de los cuerpos cavernosos. Presentamos un caso de priapismo en un paciente con un cáncer de vejiga localmente avanzado, que se desencadenó por la hiperviscosidad sanguínea producida por una reacción leucemoide paraneoplásica

Priapism associated with solid tumours is usually produced by penile metastasis or direct tumour infiltration of the corpora cavernosa. Neoplasias are responsible for between 3-8% of all cases of priapism,and in 80% of cases the primary tumour has a genito-urinary origin. Leukemoid reaction is an haematological disorder characterised by a leukocytosis of over 50000/microl, which develops reactively with different pathological processes such as severe inflammation, disseminated infections, intoxications and tumours.The pathophysiologic mechanism that explains priapism following leukemoid reaction is an intravascular obstruction due to blood hyperviscosity, leading to a blood stasis in the cavernosa veins, and impeding the drainage of the corpora cavernosa. We present a case of priapism in a patient with locally advanced bladder cancer, which was probably the result of blood hyperviscosity produced by a paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction