ABSTRACT
Aim: To explore the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis by mining potential hub genes and to search for promising small-molecular compounds for gastric cancer (GC). Materials & methods: The microarray datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and the genes and compounds were analyzed by bioinformatics-related tools and software. Results: Six hub genes (MKI67, PLK1, COL1A1, TPX2, COL1A2 and SPP1) related to the prognosis of GC were confirmed to be upregulated in GC and their high expression was correlated with poor overall survival rate in GC patients. In addition, eight candidate compounds with potential anti-GC activity were identified, among which resveratrol was closely correlated with six hub genes. Conclusion: Six hub genes identified in the present study may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis and the predicted potential of resveratrol may provide valuable clues for the future development of targeted anti-GC inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Profiling , Genes, Neoplasm , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry , Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Amiodarone/chemistry , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Clomipramine/chemistry , Collagen Type I/genetics , Databases, Genetic , Datasets as Topic , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Ki-67 Antigen/genetics , Levallorphan/chemistry , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics , Osteopontin/genetics , Piroxicam/chemistry , Procaine/chemistry , Procaine/pharmacology , Procaine/therapeutic use , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Resveratrol/chemistry , Resveratrol/pharmacology , Small Molecule Libraries/therapeutic use , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/chemistry , Vorinostat/chemistry , Polo-Like Kinase 1ABSTRACT
CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, two members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of monooxygenases, mediate the biotransformation of a variety of xenobiotics. The two enzymes differ in substrate specificity and size and characteristics of the active site cavity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the catalytic properties of these isoforms, reflected by the differences observed from crystal structures and homology models, could be confirmed with experimental data. Detailed metabolite identification, reversible inhibition, and time-dependent inhibition were examined for levorphanol and levallorphan with CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The studies were designed to provide a comparison of the orientations of substrates, the catalytic sites of the two enzymes, and the subsequent outcomes on metabolism and inhibition. The metabolite identification revealed that CYP3A4 catalyzed the formation of a variety of metabolites as a result of presenting different parts of the substrates to the heme. CYP2D6 was a poorer catalyst that led to a more limited number of metabolites that were interpreted in terms to two orientations of the substrates. The inhibition studies showed evidence for strong reversible inhibition of CYP2D6 but not for CYP3A4. Levallorphan acted as a time-dependent inhibitor on CYP3A4, indicating a productive binding mode with this enzyme not observed with CYP2D6 that presumably resulted from close interactions of the N-allyl moiety oriented toward the heme. All the results are in agreement with the large and flexible active site of CYP3A4 and the more restricted active site of CYP2D6.
