A Narrative Review on Oral and Periodontal Bacteria Microbiota Photobiomodulation, through Visible and Near-Infrared Light: From the Origins to Modern Therapies.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) consists of a photon energy transfer to the cell, employing non-ionizing light sources belonging to the visible and infrared spectrum. PBM acts on some intrinsic properties of molecules, energizing them through specific light wavelengths. During the evolution of life, semiconducting minerals were energized by sun radiation. The molecules that followed became photoacceptors and were expressed into the first proto-cells and prokaryote membranes. Afterward, the components of the mitochondria electron transport chain influenced the eukaryotic cell physiology. Therefore, although many organisms have not utilized light as an energy source, many of the molecules involved in their physiology have retained their primordial photoacceptive properties. Thus, in this review, we discuss how PBM can affect the oral microbiota through photo-energization and the non-thermal effect of light on photoacceptors (i.e., cytochromes, flavins, and iron-proteins). Sometimes, the interaction of photons with pigments of an endogenous nature is followed by thermal or photodynamic-like effects. However, the preliminary data do not allow determining reliable therapies but stress the need for further knowledge on light-bacteria interactions and microbiota management in the health and illness of patients through PBM.

A Systematic Review on the Treatment of Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra.

Dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is a benign skin condition that is primarily reported in skin of color patients. While prevalent, treatment options are limited and the benign course of DPNs may cause them to be overlooked by clinicians. However, large and multiple lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas may be emotionally and socially distressful to patients. There are few literature reviews examining treatment options for this condition. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. 67 articles were identified and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our findings demonstrate that laser therapy is becoming increasingly utilized as a safe and efficacious treatment for DPNs in skin of color patients. J Drugs Dermatol. 20(4):467-472. doi:10.36849/JDD.2021.5555.

The bioenergetics of COVID-19 immunopathology and the therapeutic potential of biophysical radiances.

In developing an effective clinical tool against COVID-19, we need to consider why SARS-CoV-2 infections develop along remarkably different trajectories: from completely asymptomatic to a severe course of disease. In this paper we hypothesize that the progressive exhaustion and loss of lymphocytes associated with severe stages of COVID-19 result from an intracellular energy deficit in an organism which has already been depleted by preexisting chronic diseases, acute psychological stress and the aging process. A bioenergetics view of COVID-19 immunopathology opens a new biophysical opportunity to enhance impaired immune function via proposed pathways of photomagnetic catalysis of ATP synthesis, regenerative photobiomodulation and the ultrasonic acceleration of cell restructuring. Moreover, we suggest that a coherent application of multiple biophysical radiances (coMra) may synergistically enhance energy-matter-information kinetics of basal self-regeneration of cells and thus improve immune function and accelerate recovery.

The 1440 nm and 1927 nm Nonablative Fractional Diode Laser: Current Trends and Future Directions.

Clinical characteristics of skin exposed to ultraviolet and infrared radiation include dryness, dyschromia, laxity, roughness, sallowness, scaling, telangiectasia, and wrinkles. Fractional photothermolysis promotes skin remodeling by formation of new dermal collagen. The nonablative fractional diode laser (NFDL) system employs fractional photothermolysis to rejuvenate the skin, using 2 distinct handpieces for wavelengths of 1440 nm and 1927 nm. Fractional photothermolysis from nonablative fractional diode lasers facilitates delivery of small molecular-weight compounds, such as L-ascorbic acid, through the skin without compromising barrier function of the stratum corneum. Both handpieces of the NFDL system are effective for rejuvenation of photodamaged facial skin, providing clinical improvement in skin tone, skin texture, fine lines, and dyschromia and reducing the number of detectable skin pores. Application of the 1927 nm wavelength handpiece has shown clinical improvement of hyperpigmentation, melasma, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, which have been challenging to treat effectively with other laser devices. With a target chromophore of water, the infrared energy of the 1440 nm and 1927 nm NFDL system is appropriate for skin rejuvenation and treatment of dyschromia in skin of color, with a reduced risk of the adverse events observed with other nonablative and ablative fractional lasers. Clinical data have demonstrated that both the 1440 nm and 1927 nm wavelengths are effective, with high levels of patient satisfaction, transient side effects, and minimal patient downtime.

Complications of laser and light-based devices therapy in patients with skin of color.

Lasers and light-based devices are indispensable to an aesthetic dermatology practice. The growing popularity of lasers has been matched by a sharp increase in the incidence of complications. The Indian skin with its high melanin content is more prone to injury and careful setting of laser parameters, early detection of complications and immediate therapy are vital to avoiding permanent sequelae. We review the various complications that occur during laser procedures and their management.

Nuevas perspectivas en el tratamiento de la alopecia androgenética / New Perspectives on the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

No disponible

Photobiomodulation and Cancer: What Is the Truth?

BACKGROUND: Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a rapidly growing approach to stimulate healing, reduce pain, increase athletic performance, and improve general wellness. OBJECTIVE: Applying PBM therapy over the site of a tumor has been considered to be a contraindication. However, since another growing use of PBM therapy is to mitigate the side effects of cancer therapy, this short review seeks to critically examine the evidence of whether PBM therapy is beneficial or harmful in cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS: Although there are a few articles suggesting that PBM therapy can be detrimental in animal models of tumors, there are also many articles that suggest the opposite and that light can directly damage the tumor, can potentiate other cancer therapies, and can stimulate the host immune system. Moreover, there are two clinical trials showing increased survival in cancer patients who received PBM therapy. CONCLUSIONS: PBM therapy may have benefits in cancer patients and should be further investigated.

New lasers and light sources - old and new risks?

Recent developments (new wavelengths, treatment concepts, and combinations) in the field of lasers, intense pulsed light (IPL), LED, as well as new energy and light sources have opened up new therapeutic options that extend beyond mere aesthetic indications. Thus, while fractional lasers used to be employed to merely treat wrinkles, the same devices - in the context of laser-assisted drug delivery - have now become important tools in the treatment of scars, field cancerization, and epithelial tumors. The requirements posed to physicians, both with respect to establishing the indication and conducting treatment, have been growing along with the increase in technological complexity as well as the rising number of comorbidities and comedications in a patient population that continues to age. At the same time, home-use devices have been introduced for a variety of indications. These devices are characterized by low power and special safety features aimed at preventing accidents, risks, and side effects. Despite the reduced efficacy of such self-treatment devices, there is an increased risk of misuse, given that the basic prerequisite for adequate treatment cannot be ensured, to wit, the exact diagnosis and therapeutic indication. Consequently, during hair removal or anti-wrinkle treatment, pigmented lesions and cutaneous neoplasms may be altered, thus giving rise to expected, unexpected and new side effects and complications. In the aforementioned setting, it is important that all potential users of these new technologies be properly trained in a manner that ensures those treated a maximum of safety and efficacy in accordance with the guiding principle "diagnosis certa - ullae therapiae fundamentum".

Estado actual del láser en odontología conservadora: Indicaciones, ventajas y posibles riesgos. Revisión bibliográfica / Actually in conservative dentistry laser: Indications, advantages and possible risks. Literature review

En la actualidad, el término odontología mínimamente invasiva es un concepto muy utilizado pero, a veces, de forma errónea. Se define como una filosofía de prevención a la hora de realizar cualquier tratamiento en boca, evaluación de riesgos individualizados, detección precisa y precoz de las lesiones, así como los esfuerzos para remineralizar las lesiones no cavitadas, para su cuidado preventivo y mineralizar las lesiones ya existentes. Esta especie de «disciplina» o procedimiento, se puede desarrollar a partir de varias técnicas y/o instrumentos, como el ultrasonido, air brasion, micro CT o el láser y sus diferentes tipos y aplicaciones. Por ello creemos importante establecer unos principios, bases o protocolo sobre qué es el láser en nuestra profesión y dentro de ella en el campo de nuestra subespecialidad, la odontología Conservadora y que abanico de opciones nos podemos encontrar y como se puede orientar hacia unas indicaciones específicas con las ventajas o desventajas que esto nos pueda acarrear (AU)

Today the term minimally invasive dentistry is a concept widely used, but sometimes incorrectly. It is defined as a philosophy of prevention when making any treatment in the mouth, assessment of individual risks, accurate and early detection of lesions, as well as efforts to remineralize lesions cavitated for preventive care and mineralize injuries already existing. This kind of «discipline» or procedure can be developed from various techniques and/or instruments, such as ultrasound, air brasion, or laser micro CT and its different types and applications. Therefore we believe important to establish principles, bases or protocol on what the laser in our profession and within the field of our subspecialty, conservative dentistry and range of options can find us and how can be directed to specific indications with the advantages or disadvantages that this may bring us (AU)

[The application of electrolaser myostimulation and laserophoresis of biologically active compounds in sports medicine (a review)].

This scientific review highlights peculiarities of the delivery of laser radiation to the tissues of the athlete's body by means of laser electrophoresis of biologically active substances and the possibilities for electrolaser myostimulation. The main features of electrical myostimulation based on the application of laser-generated radiation are described. The authors emphasize the necessity of taking into account the neurophysiological dependence of active and passive contractile muscular activity during training. They provide the scientifically grounded rationale for the combined use of coherent laser radiation and electrical stimulation. The list of scientific papers that confirm the effectiveness of the method being considered is presented. The authors compare this method with other techniques for the induced ion transfer. The beneficial influence of laserphoresis of succinic and hyaluronic acids on the athlete's body is reported with special reference to alleviating the pain syndrome. A number of phyto-extracts used for the purpose of laser electrophoresis are characterized. The authors demonstrate the application of the optional versions of this technique in various sports during the training and competition periods.

[Importance of modern treatment procedures for infected and colonized wounds in dermatology]. / Stellenwert moderner physikalischer Behandlungsverfahren bei infizierten und kolonisierten Wunden in der Dermatologie.

In the coming years increasing numbers of patients with chronic ulcers and tumor wounds are to be expected, both of which are typically multifaceted diseases requiring complex and increasingly long-term ambulatory therapy. Therefore, in recent years special medical emphasis has been placed on efficacious therapies with good tolerability and also suitability regarding feasibility for outpatient treatment. Some of these methods, such as cold plasma therapy, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), water-filtered infrared therapy (wIRA), electrostimulation (ES) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) have a good chance of success when applied as an adjuvant method in the multimodal treatment concept for patients with recalcitrant wounds. All of these methods have at least indirect antimicrobial properties which can be advantageous in cases of microbial infiltration of wounds. As for all other methods for treating recalcitrant wounds, the promising application of the aforementioned methods requires great expertise in wound healing together with a broad and continuous interdisciplinary diagnostics and therapy (wound center).