Evolution of Topics in Maxillofacial Prosthetics Publications.

PURPOSE: To study the evolution of recent topics in maxillofacial prosthetics (MP) research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Science mapping analyses were used to measure bibliometric similarities among articles extracted from the Web of Science from the last three decades. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Keyword co-occurrence highlighted the rise of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing, mandibular reconstruction, and extraoral prostheses during the last decade. Citation analysis showed that surgery journals kept the leadership on MP publications, but that prosthodontics journals were closing the gap. The United States was the leading country in MP publications over the last three decades, but their lead is fast dissolving worldwide.

Neonatal Micrognathia: National Trends in Early Mandibular Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Micrognathia is a congenital anomaly that may pose breathing and feeding limitations in newborns, sometimes necessitating invasive management. The present study aims to identify the complications associated with receiving mandibular surgery during the birth stay in order to better predict which patients may benefit from early surgical intervention. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the 2000 to 2012 kids' inpatient databases. We included all live newborn infants born in the hospital through vaginal delivery or caesarean section. We used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the demographic and clinical factors associated with receiving mandibular surgery for micrognathia during the birth stay. RESULTS: Of 19,638,453 births, 999 were diagnosed with micrognathia (0.005%). Forty (4%) patients with micrognathia underwent mandibular surgery during the initial admission. On univariate analysis in newborns with micrognathia, mandibular surgery during birth stay was associated with cleft palate, apnea, intubation, tracheostomy, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and long mechanical ventilation. Multivariate analysis supported the association between mandibular surgery during the initial admission and long mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 24.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7-78.5), OSA (OR, 24.9; 95% CI, 2.5-261.8), apnea (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5-11.3), and cleft palate (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.0-10.6). However, intubation and tracheostomy were not found to be associated with early mandibular surgery during the birth stay. CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified long mechanical ventilation, apnea, cleft palate, and OSA as factors indicating patients who may benefit from early mandibular surgery, such as mandibular distraction osteogenesis. These findings may bring the clinician closer to standardizing the indications for early mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Aportaciones de la cirugía guiada por ordenador y navegación en oncología de cabeza y cuello. Una revisión bibliográfica sistemática y actualización / Computer-assisted surgery navigation systems in head and neck oncology. An updated systematic literature review

Introducción. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión y actualización de la literatura sobre la aportación de la planificación quirúrgica y de la navegación en el manejo de la enfermedad oncológica de cabeza y cuello, para valorar y determinar sus aplicaciones actuales. Material y métodos. Se realiza una búsqueda electrónica empleando los términos craniomaxillofacial tumors, head and neck cancer, navigation system, computer-assisted surgery y oral cancer. Resultados. El número de artículos encontrados en la revisión de la literatura ha sido de 16, publicados entre los años 1991 y 2014. Entre ellos no hay ninguna revisión sistemática, hay 5 artículos de revisión, 6 series de casos y 5 casos clínicos. Solo 10 artículos aportan información completa en relación con la enfermedad oncológica manejada con tecnología de navegación quirúrgica. Actualmente las aplicaciones de la navegación en oncología de cabeza y cuello pueden enumerarse en las siguientes áreas: biopsia guiada, resección y reconstrucción de tumores, monitorización del volumen del tumor, control de márgenes de resección quirúrgica basados en TC, RMN o PET y sistema de comunicación interdisciplinar. Conclusiones. Actualmente hay un número escaso de publicaciones sobre las aplicaciones de la navegación quirúrgica en el novedoso ámbito de la oncología de cabeza y cuello. A pesar de la ausencia de revisiones sistemáticas, parece tener un futuro prometedor por la valiosa aportación que hace para el manejo de tumores de cabeza y cuello, como proporcionar precisión anatómica, precisión diagnóstica y seguridad quirúrgica, siendo de gran utilidad en el tratamiento oncológico multidisciplinar (AU)

Introduction. The aim of this paper is to perform an updated review of the literature on surgical planning and navigation in the management of head and neck oncological pathology, and to assess and determine its current applications. Material and methods. An electronic search was conducted using the terms: 'craniomaxillofacial tumors', 'head and neck cancer', 'navigation system', 'computer-assisted surgery', and 'oral cancer'. Results. Sixteen articles have been published between 1991 and 2014. These are 5 reviews, 6 case series, and 5 case reports, but no systematic review. There were 10 articles that provided complete information regarding oncological disease managed with surgical navigation technology. Navigation applications in head and neck oncology can currently be divided into the following categories: guided biopsy, tumor resection and reconstruction, monitoring tumor volume, control of surgical resection margins based on CT, MRI or PET, and interdisciplinary communication network. Conclusions. Currently, there are a limited number of publications on the applications of surgical navigation in the new field of head and neck oncology. Despite the lack of systematic reviews, there seems to be a promising future for the valuable contribution made by navigation to the management of head and neck tumors, by providing anatomic and diagnostic accuracy, and surgical safety. Navigation will show to be of great use in the multidisciplinary cancer treatment (AU)

Worldwide 10-Year Systematic Review of Treatment Trends in Fibula Free Flap for Mandibular Reconstruction.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the trends pertaining to the use of the fibula free flap for mandibular reconstruction during the past 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review for publications on the fibula free flap in mandibular reconstruction in the PubMed and Scopus databases was performed from January 1, 2005 until December 31, 2014. Publications were classified by topic, number of patients, and country of origin. The study period was split into 2 periods. The first 5-year period was compared with the second 5-year period. RESULTS: Eighty-five publications were identified. There was an increase in publications regarding restorative decision making (11 vs 9), surgical techniques (13 vs 6), outcomes (20 vs 10), and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM; 8 vs 2) in the second 5-year period. The number of patients reported also increased in publications on surgical techniques (1,085 vs 59), outcomes (777 vs 254), bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and osteoradionecrosis (165 vs 28), and CAD-CAM (65 vs 15) in the second 5-year period. The United States, India, China, and Europe produced most of the publications. CONCLUSIONS: In the past 10 years, there was a surge in publications on the use of the fibula free flap for mandibular reconstruction. There was a 1.8-fold increase in the number of publications and a 3.4-fold increase in the number of patients undergoing this method of mandibular reconstruction in the second 5-year period. Publications from the United States, India, and China contributed to a large increase in the number of patients in the second 5-year period. More interest in CAD-CAM technology was seen in the second 5-year period that was not seen in the first 5-year period.

Fibroma osificante juvenil trabecular mandibular: presentación de un caso con reconstrucción inmediata mediante un injerto libre de la cresta ilíaca y costocondral / Juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma: presentation of a case with immediate costochondral-iliac crest reconstruction

El fibroma osificante juvenil (FOJ) es una lesión fibro-ósea benigna pero con potencial biológico agresivo que afecta al esqueleto craneofacial. Su evolución clínica es rápida, manifestándose principalmente por una asimetría facial de poco tiempo de evolución. Radiográficamente es una lesión radiolúcida uni o multilocular bien definida con contenido radiopaco variable. El tratamiento puede variar dependiendo de las características clínicas, imagenológicas e histopatológicas específicas de cada lesión, sin embargo, un tratamiento agresivo con resección es el más indicado. Se presenta un caso de un niño con extenso FOJ trabecular (FOJT) mandibular. Se realizó la resección completa de la lesión con un margen de seguridad y reconstrucción inmediata con un injerto de la cresta ilíaca y costocondral. Se realizaron controles postoperatorios durante 7 años en los que no se observaron signos de recidiva asociados a una reconstrucción funcional y estética exitosa (AU)

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion with an aggressive biological behavior in most cases. The clinical course is fast, manifesting mainly as a facial asymmetry. Radiographically it presents as a well-defined, uni- or multi-locular radiolucent lesion with variable radiopaque areas. Treatment may vary depending on the clinical, imaging and histopathological specific pattern, but generally an aggressive treatment with resection is the most appropriate. We report a case of a child with an extensive trabecular JOF (TFOJ) of the mandible. We performed a complete resection of the lesion with a security margin and immediate reconstruction with a costochondral-iliac crest bone graft. Postoperative controls were performed for seven years, during which there were no signs of recurrence, demonstrating a successful functional and anesthetic reconstruction (AU)

Mandible reconstruction: History, state of the art and persistent problems.

BACKGROUND: Mandibular reconstruction has been experiencing an amazing evolution. Several different approaches are used to reconstruct this bone and therefore have a fundamental role in the recovery of oral functions. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to highlight the persistent problems associated with the approaches identified, whether bone grafts or prosthetic devices are used. A brief summary of the historical evolution of the surgical procedures is presented, as well as an insight into possible future pathways. STUDY DESIGN: A literature review was conducted from September to December 2012 using the PubMed database. The keyword used was "mandible reconstruction." Articles published in the last three years were included as well as the relevant references from those articles and the "historical articles" were referred. This research resulted in a monograph that this article aims to summarize. RESULTS: Titanium plates, bone grafts, pediculate flaps, free osteomyocutaneous flaps, rapid prototyping, and tissue engineering strategies are some of the identified possibilities. The classical approaches present considerable associated morbidity donor-site-related problems. CONCLUSION: Research that results in the development of new prosthetics devices is needed. A new prosthetic approach could minimize the identified problems and offer the patients more predictable, affordable, and comfortable solutions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This review, while affirming the evolution and the good results found with the actual approaches, emphasizes the negative aspects that still subsist. Thus, it shows that mandible reconstruction is not a closed issue. On the contrary, it remains as a research field where new findings could have a direct positive impact on patients' life quality. The identification of the persistent problems reveals the characteristics to be considered in a new prosthetic device. This could overcome the current difficulties and result in more comfortable solutions. Medical teams have the responsibility to keep patients informed about the predictable problems related with each elected approach, even understanding that a perfect reconstruction is a secondary goal when compared with maintenance of life.

Surgical disaster in temporomandibular joint: case report / Catástrofe quirúrgica en la articulación temporomandibular: informe de caso

Fundamento. La anquilosis temporomandibular se asocia a importantes limitaciones de la calidad de vida del paciente. Con frecuencia, es necesario un tratamiento quirúrgico asociado a una rehabilitación continua. Para evitar las lesiones yatrogénicas, se requieren conocimientos exhaustivos de la anatomía de esta región y de las complicaciones potenciales de la cirugía. Presentación del caso. Un paciente joven se sometió a tratamiento quirúrgico de una anquilosis bilateral congénita con consecuencias catastróficas, como parálisis facial, sordera y extravasación de líquido cefalorraquídeo en el lado derecho relacionada con el traumatismo intraoperatorio, que afectó a las estructuras del oído externo, medio e interno. Conclusión. Puesto que no se dispone de un tratamiento corrector para este tipo de lesiones, tanto el cirujano experto en cabeza y cuello como otros profesionales que efectúan intervenciones de esta naturaleza necesitan unos conocimientos óptimos sobre la anatomía del hueso temporal y la base del cráneo, y deben tener en cuenta el riesgo de una catástrofe quirúrgica como la descrita en este paciente (AU)

Background. Temporomandibular-ankylosis brings extensive limitations on the patient quality of life. Surgical treatment is frequently necessary associated with a continuous rehabilitation. The anatomy of this region and potential complications of this surgery must be thoroughly known to avoid iatrogenic injuries. Case presentation. A young patient underwent surgical treatment of congenital bilateral ankylosis with disastrous consequences such as facial palsy, deafness and cerebrospinal leaks on the right side related to intraoperative trauma involving structures of the external, middle and inner ear. Conclusion. Since there is no corrective treatment for this type of injuries, the craniomaxillofacial surgeon and other professionals who carry out interventions of this nature need perfect knowledge of the anatomy of the temporal bone and lateral skull base, taking into account the risk of surgical disasters like the one here reported (AU)

Idoneidad del colgajo anterolateral de muslo para reconstrucción de grandes defectos craneofaciales / Suitability of the anterolateral thigh free flap for reconstruction of large craniofacial defects

La reconstrucción de grandes defectos en la región craneal y del cuero cabelludo constituyen un reto para el cirujano reconstructivo. Diversos factores pueden influir en la selección de un determinado método quirúrgico, tales como: anatomía del defecto, factores dependientes del paciente, preferencias del cirujano, etc. En condiciones desfavorables, tales como grandes defectos, presencia de infección o cirugías previas, los colgajos microvascularizados se presentan superiores al resto de técnicas reconstructivas en la recuperación de la integridad craneofacial. Presentamos un varón de 57 años de edad con defecto estético importante en región frontal e infección crónica activa de más de 20 años de evolución reconstruido con un colgajo libre microvascularizado de la región antero-lateral del muslo de una forma dual, solucionando con ello el cuadro infeccioso al aportar tejido sano vascularizado; y el defecto estético al añadir volumen, consiguiéndose un excelente resultado final (AU)

Reconstruction of large defects in the skull and scalp are a challenge for reconstructive surgeon. Several factors can influence the selection of a particular surgical method: anatomy of the defect, patient-dependent factors, surgeon preferences, etc. In unfavorable conditions such as large defects, presence of infection or previous surgery, microvascularized free flaps are considered superior to other reconstructive techniques in the recovery of craniofacial integrity. We present a male of 57 years with a major cosmetic defect on the forehead and active chronic infection of over 20 years onset reconstructed with a microvascular dual free flaps of the antero-lateral thigh, solving the infectious process with the use of healthy vascularized tissue, and the aesthetic defect by adding volume, achieving an excellent result (AU)

Fibular flap for mandibular reconstruction: are there old tricks for an old dog?

Fibular free flap is considered as an "old dog" in reconstructive surgery because it was first described by Taylor and his colleagues in 1975, and was then introduced for mandibular reconstruction by Hidalgo in 1989. There are some "tricks" for fibular free flap that have been used and recognized in many European maxillofacial surgical units over the past decade. These include: 1) harvesting the distal fibula when recipient vessels are distant; 2) flap selection based on the anatomy of perforators; 3) use of the skin paddle for postoperative flap monitoring; 4) protection of the flap's soft-tissue cuff; 5) preventing venous thrombosis which is essential to reduce flap complications; 6) aligning fibular struts and protecting the vascular pedicle when the double-barrel technique is used; 7) minimizing the gap between the double-barrel struts and implementing a long-term follow-up of dental implants; 8) selecting osteosynthesis materials; and 9) learning curve and clinical competence in microvascular reconstruction. We also reviewed current data from the literature, which would be useful for maxillofacial reconstructive surgeons. With these tricks, one can teach an "old dog" "old tricks".

Avanços na reconstrução cirúrgica da articulação temporomandibular / Advances in TMJ surgical reconstruction

As reconstruções totais da articulação temporomandibular(ATM)têm como finalidade restaurar a função e a forma, minimizar ador, assim como previnir o avanço das patologias e das más-oclusões envolvidas. As principais indicações para a intervenção incluem anquilose, reabsorções condilares, osteoartroses severas, artritereumatoide, doenças neoplásicas, disfunções ocasionadas por trauma e doenças congênitas. Considerando que a literatura científica é extremamente heterogênea em relação às técnicas de reconstrução da ATM, buscou-se organizar neste trabalho as diferentes possibilidades e os materiais empregados para tal reconstrução, assim como comparar as diferentes alternativas a longo prazo. Por uma questão didática, nestre trabalho, as possibilidades de reconstrução da ATM foram divididas em duas categorias: uma que preconizava enxertos autógenos, principalmente o costocontral, e a outra que utilizava próteses alógenas, compostas por material aloplástico e titânio. Após revisão da literatura observou-se prognóstico favorável a longo prazo com relação a estabilidade e o restabelecimento da função das próteses alógenas. Contudo, estudos com acompanhamento a longo prazo de reconstruções com enxertos autógenos demonstraram que o número de complicações foi consideravelmente maior, assim como a necessidade de novos procedimentos cirúrgicos, relatando uma estabilidade questionável da técnica. Embora exista vasta amplitude de opiniões relacionadas à reconstrução total da ATM, a evolução tecnológica dos materiais utilizados e os estudos com acompanhamentos de sua estabilidade a longo prazo levam a crer em um prognóstico favorável desta intervenção.

The TMJ rec onstruction aims to restore function and form, minimize pain and prevent the advancement of the disease and malocclusion involved. The main indications for intervention include ankylosis, condylar resorption, severe osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis,neoplastic diseases, disorders caused by trauma and congenital diseases. Since the scientific literature is extremely heterogeneous about reconstruction techniques, this paper aims to organize the different possibilities and materiais used for TMJ reconstruction, as well as compare the different alternatives in the long termo TMJ reconstruction was divided into two categories: one which advocates autogenous bone grafts, especially costochondral, and another that uses halogen prostheses composed by allo plastic material and titanium. The literature review demonstrates a favorable long-term prognosis with respect tostability and restoring function of halogen prostheses. However, studies with long-term monitoring of reconstruction with autogenous bone grafts showed greater number of complications, as well as the need for new surgical procedures, reporting a questionable stability of the technique. Although there is wide range of opinions related to TMJ reconstruction,technological evolution of materiais and follow-up study of its stability in the long-term lead to believe in a favorable outcome of this intervention.