ABSTRACT
This study investigated plasma and bone concentrations of moxifloxacin following a single intravenous dose of 400mg to consider its potential role in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Eight patients who underwent routine cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were enrolled in the study. Plasma and bone samples were collected 2h and 5h after the end of infusion. High performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of moxifloxacin concentrations. Mean plasma concentrations were 3.36 microg/mL and 2.93 microg/mL at 2h and 5h after the end of infusion. The concentrations in the body and manubrium of the sternal bone were 1.65 microg/g and 1.64 microg/g at 2h and 1.4 microg/g and 1.45 microg/g at 5h, respectively. Moxifloxacin showed good penetration into bone and could be considered for the treatment of osteomyelitis.
Subject(s)
Aza Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Quinolines/pharmacokinetics , Sternum/metabolism , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents/blood , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics , Aza Compounds/administration & dosage , Aza Compounds/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Female , Fluoroquinolones , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Manubrium/chemistry , Manubrium/metabolism , Middle Aged , Moxifloxacin , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Quinolines/administration & dosage , Quinolines/blood , Sternum/chemistryABSTRACT
Dissociated cells from the margin and tentacles of the hydromedusa Polyorchis penicillatus were centrifuged in a Percoll gradient to remove cnidocytes. The resulting formaldehyde-fixed cells were used to inoculate mice to produce monoclonal antibodies. One of the hybridomas, which secreted antibodies against all neurons, was cloned and designated as mAb 5C6. Immunohistochemical labelling with mAb 5C6 of whole-mount preparations and paraffin sections provided a far more complete picture of the organisation of the hydromedusan nervous system than was previously available when using neuronal labelling techniques that restrict labelling to certain neuronal types. Besides confirming anatomical features described in earlier studies these techniques allowed us to discover a number of new structures and to determine connections that were only suspected. Such findings included:1. The discovery of an arch-like connection between the swimming motor neuron network at the apices of the subumbrellar muscle sheets 2. An orthogonal network connecting each pair of radial nerves in each radius 3. Continuity of a central branch of the radial nerve with the radial innervation of the manubrium 4. Details of the sensory neuronal contribution to the microanatomy of the ocelli and cnidocyte batteries 5. Presence of specialised receptor cells in the margin at the bases of tentacles 6. Neurons apparently innervating the radial muscles of the velum 7. Isolated neurons in the peduncle and gonads
