ABSTRACT
In March 2012 ABC World News Report aired a series of reports on lean finely textured beef (LFTB) that resulted in a 10-year low for beef prices and the bankruptcy of a major firm that produced LFTB. Using a random sample survey, we tested the effects of the media frame "pink slime" and industry frame "lean finely textured beef," alongside media use, food-related knowledge, trust in food-related institutions and preference for local, fresh, organic and GMO-free foods on perceptions of risk related to ground beef containing pink slime/LFTB, processed foods and red meat. The "pink slime" frame was strongly and positively associated with risk related to ground beef, but not risk related to red meat or processed foods. Attention to news stories about pink slime/LFTB was strongly associated with risk related to ground beef and processed foods, but not red meat. We found varying effects of food values, knowledge and trust on all three dependent variables. Implications are discussed.
Subject(s)
Communications Media , Consumer Behavior , Food Preferences , Food Technology , Meat Products/adverse effects , Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Meat/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Animals , Cattle , Consumer Behavior/economics , Diet Surveys , Female , Food Contamination , Food Safety , Food Technology/economics , Food Technology/trends , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Foodborne Diseases/etiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Meat/economics , Meat Products/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/trends , Middle Aged , Risk , Terminology as Topic , Wisconsin/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Cultured meat grown in-vitro from animal cells is being developed as a way of addressing many of the ethical and environmental concerns associated with conventional meat production. As commercialisation of this technology appears increasingly feasible, there is growing interest in the research on consumer acceptance of cultured meat. We present a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature, and synthesize and analyse the findings of 14 empirical studies. We highlight demographic variations in consumer acceptance, factors influencing acceptance, common consumer objections, perceived benefits, and areas of uncertainty. We conclude by evaluating the most important objections and benefits to consumers, as well as highlighting areas for future research.
Subject(s)
Consumer Behavior , Food Preferences , Food Technology , Meat Products , Muscles/cytology , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Consumer Behavior/economics , Diet Surveys , Food Labeling , Food Quality , Food Safety , Food Technology/economics , Food Technology/ethics , Food Technology/trends , Humans , Meat Products/adverse effects , Meat Products/analysis , Meat Products/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/ethics , Meat-Packing Industry/trends , Muscles/chemistry , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
The current study investigated the determinants of consumers' intention to purchase meat from mobile slaughter units (MSU). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the value belief norm theory (VBN) were used as conceptual lenses to guide this investigation. We conducted a survey among 329 respondents in the Netherlands who buy meat for themselves and/or for others. The results indicated that (1) TPB and VBN explain a high proportion of the variance in consumers' intention to buy MSU meat, and that (2) an extended TPB that includes peoples' attitude, personal norm, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control turned out to be the best model to predict willingness to buy MSU meat. Further implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Subject(s)
Animal Welfare , Consumer Behavior , Decision Theory , Food Preferences , Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Meat/analysis , Motor Vehicles , Animal Welfare/economics , Animal Welfare/trends , Animals , Cattle , Consumer Behavior/economics , Cost Savings , Decision Making , Diet Surveys , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Intention , Meat/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/instrumentation , Meat-Packing Industry/trends , Models, Psychological , Motor Vehicles/economics , Netherlands , Social Norms , Social Perception , Social Values , Sus scrofaABSTRACT
This article addresses the novel dewatering process of immersion-frying of paunch and dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge to produce high energy pellets. Literature have been analysed to address the feasibility of replacing conventional boiler fuel at meat processing facilities with high energy paunch-DAF sludge pellets (capsules). The value proposition of pelleting and frying this mixture into energy pellets is based on a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). The CBA is based on information derived from the literature and consultation with the Australian Meat Processing Industry. The calorific properties of a mixture of paunch cake solids and DAF sludge were predicted from literature and industry consultation to validate the product. This study shows that the concept of pelletizing and frying paunch is economically feasible. The complete frying and dewatering of the paunch and DAF sludge mixture produces pellets with energy content per kilogram equivalent to coal. The estimated cost of this new product is half the price of coal and the payback period is estimated to be between 1.8 and 3.2years. Further research is required for proof of concept, and to identify the technical challenges associated with integrating this technology into existing meat processing plants.
Subject(s)
Cost-Benefit Analysis , Industrial Waste/analysis , Meat-Packing Industry , Waste Management/methods , Australia , Industrial Waste/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Waste Management/economicsABSTRACT
The beef industry worldwide is showing a trend towards increased cutting pace aimed at higher profits. However, prior research in the duck meat industry suggested that a higher cutting pace reduced quality and yield, leading to losses. This study aimed to test this hypothesis by investigating the effects of varying beef-cutting paces on yield, quality and economy. A field experiment was conducted on six workers cutting beef fillet, sirloin and entrecôte. Three types of paces were sequentially tested: Baseline (i.e., status quo), 'Quantity focus' (i.e., pace required to maximise quantity) and 'Quality focus' (i.e., pace required to minimise errors). The results showed a significant drop in yield, increased rate of quality deficiency and economic losses with the change to 'Quantity focus' (from Baseline and 'Quality focus') for all meat types. Workers supported these results and also added health problems to the list. The results confirmed that an increased cutting pace is unprofitable.
Subject(s)
Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Meat , Models, Economic , Workload , Accidents, Occupational/economics , Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , Animals , Cattle , Cost Savings , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Efficiency, Organizational/economics , Food Quality , Health Status , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Meat/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Occupational Diseases/economics , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Organizational Objectives/economics , Quality Control , Sweden , Time Factors , Workflow , Workforce , Workload/economics , Workload/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hamburger is a meat-based food that is easy to prepare and is widely consumed. It can be enriched using different ingredients, such as chia's by-product, which is rich in omega-3. Chemometrics is a very interesting tool to assess the influence of ingredients in the composition of foods. A complete factorial design 2(2) (two factors in two levels) with duplicate was performed to investigate the influence of the factors (1) concentration of textured soy proteins (TSP) and (2) concentration of chia flour partially defatted (CFPD) as a partial replacement for the bovine meat and porcine fat mix in hamburgers. RESULTS: The results of proximal composition, lipid oxidation, fatty acids sums, ratios, and nutritional indexes were used to propose statistical models. The factors TSP and CFPD were significant, and the increased values contributed to improve the composition in fatty acids, crude protein, and ash. Principal components analysis distinguished the samples with a higher content of chia. In desirability analysis, the highest level of TSP and CFPD was described as the optimal region, and it was not necessary to make another experimental point. CONCLUSION: The addition of chia's by-product is an alternative to increase the α-linolenic contents and to obtain nutritionally balanced food.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids, Omega-3/analysis , Food Additives , Food, Fortified/analysis , Meat Products/analysis , Salvia/chemistry , Seeds/chemistry , Animals , Brazil , Cattle , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Fatty Acids/analysis , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/adverse effects , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/economics , Food Additives/adverse effects , Food Additives/economics , Food, Fortified/economics , Food-Processing Industry/economics , Industrial Waste/analysis , Industrial Waste/economics , Lipid Peroxidation , Meat Products/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Nutritive Value , Plant Proteins/analysis , Soy Foods/analysis , Statistics as Topic , Sus scrofaABSTRACT
Escherichia coli O157 is a foodborne pathogen that can be transmitted by contaminated ground beef and is shed naturally in cattle feces. Recent reports indicated that feeding distillers' grains (DG) to cattle increased fecal shedding and prevalence of E. coli O157. In Minnesota, feeding DG with solubles (DGS) to livestock became widespread within the last 10 years, but there is no report about the prevalence of E. coli O157 in beef cattle in this state. This study was undertaken to survey the fecal prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle fed diets containing DG and its association with environmental conditions and management practices. Fecal samples were collected from three feedlots during a 1-year period. All animals in those feedlots were fed different DGS levels. E. coli O157 presence was determined using a combination of enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, plating onto sorbitol MacConkey agar, and confirmation of isolates by immunoassay and multiplex virulence genes polymerase chain reaction analysis. Overall, E. coli O157 was confirmed in 9.7% of samples. Prevalence during summer was 30% and declined to less than 10% the rest of the year. In animals grouped by dietary DGS concentration, no significant difference in prevalence (12.0 and 5.5%) was detected between the low and the high average groups (less and more than 20%). Previous feeding of DGS before arriving to the feedlot also had no influence on fecal prevalence. The presence of several interacting variables, uncontrolled in a real-life feedlot environment, was the likely reason for our observation and suggested that at the levels studied, DGS had no effect on the STEC O157 prevalence in cattle populations.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Animal Husbandry/methods , Cattle/microbiology , Edible Grain , Escherichia coli O157/growth & development , Waste Products , Alcoholic Beverages/economics , Animal Feed/adverse effects , Animal Feed/economics , Animal Husbandry/economics , Animals , Bacterial Shedding , Biofuels/economics , Distillation , Edible Grain/adverse effects , Escherichia coli O157/classification , Escherichia coli O157/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli O157/metabolism , Ethanol/metabolism , Feces/microbiology , Female , Fermentation , Food-Processing Industry/economics , Male , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Minnesota , Molecular Typing , Seasons , Virulence Factors/genetics , Virulence Factors/metabolism , Waste Products/adverse effects , Waste Products/economicsABSTRACT
The microbial community of a thermophilic two-stage process was monitored during two-months operation and compared to a conventional single-stage process. Qualitative and quantitative microbial dynamics were analysed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR techniques, respectively. The bacterial community was dominated by heat-shock resistant, spore-forming clostridia in the two-stage process, whereas a more diverse and dynamic community (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Synergistes) was observed in the single-stage process. A significant evolution of bacterial community occurred over time in the acidogenic phase of the two-phase process with the selection of few dominant species associated to stable hydrogen production. The archaeal community, dominated by the acetoclastic Methanosarcinales in both methanogen reactors, showed a significant diversity change in the single-stage process after a period of adaptation to the feeding conditions, compared to a constant stability in the methanogenic reactor of the two-stage process. The more diverse and dynamic bacterial and archaeal community of single-stage process compared to the two-stage process accounted for the best degradation activity, and consequently the best performance, in this reactor. The microbiological perspective proved a useful tool for a better understanding and comparison of anaerobic digestion processes.
Subject(s)
Bioreactors/microbiology , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/metabolism , Gram-Positive Bacteria/metabolism , Industrial Waste/analysis , Manure/microbiology , Methanosarcinales/metabolism , Sus scrofa/microbiology , Acidobacteria/genetics , Acidobacteria/growth & development , Acidobacteria/isolation & purification , Acidobacteria/metabolism , Animal Husbandry/economics , Animals , Archaeal Proteins/chemistry , Archaeal Proteins/genetics , Archaeal Proteins/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Bioreactors/economics , Clostridium/genetics , Clostridium/growth & development , Clostridium/isolation & purification , Clostridium/metabolism , Fermentation , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/genetics , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/growth & development , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics , Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Hot Temperature , Industrial Waste/economics , Italy , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Methane/metabolism , Methanosarcinales/genetics , Methanosarcinales/growth & development , Methanosarcinales/isolation & purification , Microbial Interactions , PhylogenyABSTRACT
The National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA)-2011 benchmarked the current status of and assessed progress being made toward quality and consistency of U.S. cattle, carcasses, and beef products after the completion of the first NBQA in 1991. Unlike previous NBQA, objectives of the 2011 Phase I study were to determine how each beef market sector defined 7 quality categories, estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the same quality categories by market sector, and establish a best-worst (B/W) scaling for the quality categories. Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted and responses were recorded using dynamic routing software over an 11-mo period (February to December 2011) with decision makers in each of the following beef market sectors: Feeders (n = 59), Packers (n = 26), Food Service, Distribution, and Further Processors (n = 48), Retailers (n = 30), and Government and Allied Industries (n = 47). All respondents participated in a structured interview consisting of WTP and B/W questions that were tied to 7 quality categories and then were asked to "define" each of the 7 categories in terms of what the category meant to them, resulting in completely unbiased results. The 7 quality categories were a) how and where the cattle were raised, b) lean, fat, and bone, c) weight and size, d) cattle genetics, e) visual characteristics, f) food safety, and g) eating satisfaction. Overall, "food safety" and "eating satisfaction" were the categories of greatest and second most importance, respectively, to all beef market sectors except for Feeders. Feeders ranked "how and where the cattle were raised" and "weight and size" as the most important and second most important, respectively. Overall, "how and where the cattle were raised" had the greatest odds of being considered a nonnegotiable requirement before the raw material for each sector would be considered for purchase and was statistically more important (P < 0.05) as a requirement for purchase than all other categories except "food safety." When all market sectors were considered, "eating satisfaction" was shown to generate the greatest average WTP percentage premium (11.1%), but that WTP premium value only differed statistically (P < 0.05) from "weight and size" (8.8%). Most notably, when a sector said that "food safety" was a nonnegotiable requirement, no sector was willing to purchase the product at a discounted price if the "food safety" of the product could not be assured.
Subject(s)
Meat-Packing Industry/standards , Meat/standards , Animal Husbandry/economics , Animal Husbandry/standards , Animals , Cattle , Food Quality , Food-Processing Industry/economics , Food-Processing Industry/standards , Marketing/standards , Meat/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , United StatesABSTRACT
The meat sector in Spain is an important industry. However, traditional consumption is changing as a result of the country's economic crisis and the new structure of households. The objective of the present study was to identify trends in meat consumption in Spain extrapolated to 2016, and the main innovations that should be of interest to firms in the sector. The study was conducted in 2011 using the Delphi method with the participation of 26 experts. The results showed that, while the demand for meat will not vary significantly in amount, it will do so in composition, with chicken replacing beef as the meat of most importance in the shopping basket. In addition, significant growth is expected in certified meat, but the demand for organic meat will not take off. Neither will there be no significant changes in end purchase formats, but there will be a clear trend in consumers' purchasing decision criteria away from price, external appearance and origin towards quality certification and the attributes of the packaging. With respect to end purchase channels, the experts estimate that the current trend will be accentuated with increasing market share for large supermarkets and major distribution brands.
Subject(s)
Diet/trends , Diffusion of Innovation , Food Technology , Forecasting , Meat-Packing Industry/trends , Meat , Animals , Cattle , Chickens , Consumer Behavior/economics , Delphi Technique , Diet/economics , Diet/ethnology , Food Packaging/economics , Food Packaging/trends , Food Preferences/ethnology , Food Quality , Food Technology/economics , Food, Organic/economics , Humans , Marketing/economics , Marketing/trends , Meat/economics , Meat/standards , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Social Change , Socioeconomic Factors , SpainABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rabbit meat has excellent nutritive properties. The purpose of this study was to characterize rabbit meat and offal; in particular, the lipid fraction was studied in order to evaluate total and positional fatty acid (FA) compositions of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) fractions. Eight samples of weaned and eight of fattened rabbits were considered. RESULTS: Fattened rabbit meat contained slightly higher protein percentage content (P < 0.05) in comparison to weaned (20.1% versus 18.0%). Calcium content was higher in meat than in offal, unlike sodium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper. The cholesterol content in offal was much higher than in meat. FA profiles of total lipid showed a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and an n-6/n-3 ratio of 10.3 for fattened rabbit meat. Stereospecific analysis of TAG and PC was carried out on an eight-sample pool of each meat and offal from weaned and fattened rabbits. In all samples the sn-2-position was prevalently esterified with oleic and linoleic acids in TAG, with polyunsaturated fatty acids in PC. CONCLUSION: Lipids from rabbit meat presented higher content of monounsaturated FA and lower n-6/n-3 ratio in comparison to offal, which was characterized by higher cholesterol and mineral levels.
Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry/methods , Fatty Acids/analysis , Industrial Waste/analysis , Meat/analysis , Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry , Phosphatidylcholines/analysis , Triglycerides/analysis , Animals , Calcium, Dietary/analysis , Cholesterol/analysis , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/analysis , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/analysis , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/analysis , Industrial Waste/economics , Italy , Meat Products/adverse effects , Meat Products/analysis , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development , Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry , Rabbits , Stereoisomerism , Triglycerides/chemistry , WeaningABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The growth of bifidobacteria that are employed in the production of functional food is often slow or limited, even on synthetic media. In this study, we investigated whether a peptide hydrolyzate (functional animal protein [FAP]), from poultry bones and meat trimmings, could be a potential source of growth stimulators. The bifidogenic activity of FAP on 18 strains of Bifidobacterium species was assessed via 2 different techniques: turbidimetric measurements and a direct count by fluorescence microscopy. Growth experiments were performed in B12 broth as the basal medium, B12 broth supplemented with N-acetylglucosamine, and B12 broth supplemented with FAP. FAP supplementation yielded the highest maximum optical density (OD) and count values. The use of the microscopic fluorescence counts allowed for better evaluation of the extent of growth and assessment of the viability of cells. FAP from poultry bones and meat trimmings has potential as a growth stimulator for different bifidobacteria of human origin. FAP is a promising ingredient for inclusion in industrial media that are used to culture probiotic strains, including bifidobacteria, because it supports growth very well and maintains cells at a high level of viability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Proteinaceous hydrolyzate can be considered a promising ingredient for industrial media that are used to culture probiotic strains, including bifidobacteria, because it improves bacterial growth and maintains cells at a high level of viability.
Subject(s)
Bifidobacterium/growth & development , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Culture Media/metabolism , Industrial Waste/analysis , Poultry Products/analysis , Protein Hydrolysates/metabolism , Amino Acids/analysis , Animals , Bifidobacterium/isolation & purification , Colony Count, Microbial , Culture Media/economics , Europe , Feces/microbiology , Functional Food/economics , Functional Food/microbiology , Humans , Industrial Waste/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Microbial Viability , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Poultry , Probiotics/economics , Probiotics/metabolism , Protein Hydrolysates/chemistry , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The relationship between consumer perception of quality and the food industry's drive to satisfy consumer needs is complex and involves many different components. Science and innovation play a major role in equipping the industry to respond to consumer concerns and expectations. This paper examines the main elements of consumer perception of meat with focus on the red meat sector. Emphasis is placed on perception at point of sale particularly the intrinsic quality cues of colour, packaging and degree of visual fat. The state of the art developments in increasing consumers' perception at this point are discussed. Experienced quality cues such as tenderness and flavour are well known as being of immense importance to consumers at point of consumption. The latest technological developments to enhance the quality experienced by consumers are discussed. The use of pre-rigor restraining techniques offers the industry a method for changing its conventional procedures of processing beef for instance. Background cues of safety, nutrition, animal welfare and sustainability are also discussed. Finally opportunities and challenges facing the industry are outlined. It is concluded that the meat industry needs to invest in and embrace an innovation agenda in order to be sustainable. It must utilise emerging scientific knowledge and take a more proactive role in setting out a research agenda.
Subject(s)
Consumer Behavior/economics , Diffusion of Innovation , Food Technology/methods , Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Meat/analysis , Meat/economics , Professional Role , Animal Husbandry/trends , Animal Welfare , Animals , Chemical Phenomena , Food Microbiology , Food Technology/economics , Food Technology/trends , Humans , Meat/microbiology , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/trends , Nutritional Sciences/trends , Nutritive Value , Professional Role/psychology , SensationABSTRACT
This paper addresses the principles relating to meat standards and grading of beef and advances the concept that potential exists to achieve significant desirable change from adopting more consumer focused systems within accurate value-based payment frameworks. The paper uses the definitions that classification is a set of descriptive terms describing features of the carcass that are useful to those involved in the trading of carcasses, whereas grading is the placing of different values on carcasses for pricing purposes, depending on the market and requirements of traders. A third definition is consumer grading, which refers to grading systems that seek to define or predict consumer satisfaction with a cooked meal. The development of carcass classification and grading schemes evolved from a necessity to describe the carcass using standard terms to facilitate trading. The growth in world trade of meat and meat products and the transition from trading carcasses to marketing individual meal portions raises the need for an international language that can service contemporary needs. This has in part been addressed by the United Nations promoting standard languages on carcasses, cuts, trim levels and cutting lines. Currently no standards exist for describing consumer satisfaction. Recent Meat Standards Australia (MSA) research in Australia, Korea, Ireland, USA, Japan and South Africa showed that consumers across diverse cultures and nationalities have a remarkably similar view of beef eating quality, which could be used to underpin an international language on palatability. Consumer research on the willingness to pay for eating quality shows that consumers will pay higher prices for better eating quality grades and generally this was not affected by demographic or meat preference traits of the consumer. In Australia the MSA eating quality grading system has generated substantial premiums to retailers, wholesalers and to the producer. Future grading schemes which measure both carcass yield and eating quality have the potential to underpin the development and implementation of transparent value-based payment systems which will encourage improved production efficiency throughout the supply chain.
Subject(s)
Food Inspection/methods , Internationality , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat/analysis , Meat/standards , Animals , Cattle , Consumer Behavior/economics , Food Inspection/trends , Humans , Meat/economics , Meat Products/analysis , Meat Products/economics , Meat Products/standards , Meat-Packing Industry/trends , Quality Control , Sensation , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
At present, European legislation prohibits totally the use of processed animal proteins in feed for all farmed animals (Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1234/2003-extended feed ban). A softening of the feed ban for non-ruminants would nevertheless be considered if alternative methods could be used to gain more information concerning the species origin of processed animal proteins than that which can be provided by classical optical microscopy. This would allow control provisions such as the ban of feeding animals with proteins from the same species or intra-species recycling (Regulation (EC) No. 1774/2002). Two promising alternative methods, near-infrared microscopy (NIRM) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were combined to authenticate, at the species level, the presence of animal particles. The paper describes the improvements of the real-time PCR method made to the DNA extraction protocol, allowing five PCR analyses to be performed with the DNA extracted from a single particle.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed/analysis , Food Contamination , Food Inspection/methods , Meat Products/analysis , Microscopy/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods , Analytic Sample Preparation Methods , Animal Feed/standards , Animal Husbandry/legislation & jurisprudence , Animal Husbandry/methods , Animals , Animals, Domestic/genetics , DNA/isolation & purification , Dietary Proteins/standards , European Union , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Food Inspection/economics , Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control , Genotype , Industrial Waste/analysis , Industrial Waste/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against ractopamine (Rac) were prepared and their properties identified by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). The IC(50) of mAbs was 2.7 ng ml(-1) towards Rac or 9.3 ng ml(-1) towards Rac-glucuronides and no cross-reactivity (CR) towards other competitors except dobutamine (CR: 3.76%). Based on the mAbs, the Rac-kit (kit) and Rac-strip (strip) were developed to detect Rac residues in swine urine. The strip and kit assay could be performed within 5-10 min and 2 h, respectively, allowing the analysis of urine samples without the need for sample clean-up. The detection limits were 1 ng ml(-1) for kit and 3 ng ml(-1) with the unaided eye, and 0.2 ng ml(-1) with the Strip Reader for strip. The correlation coefficients (R(2)) were 0.988 for kit in the range 0-128.0 ng ml(-1), and 0.987 for strip in the range 0-10.8 ng ml(-1). Comparing the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with the kit or strip in swine urine spiked with Rac standards, the differences ranged from 1.4% to 4.5% for kit and 1.0% to 4.7% for strip. However, the differences were greater than 54% for the kit and 55% for the strip test for the analysis of urine from swine treated with Rac. The results obtained from GC-MS using hydrolysed urine samples were generally in good agreement with those obtained from strip or kit using non-hydrolysed urine samples.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/urine , Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Phenethylamines/urine , Swine/urine , Veterinary Drugs/urine , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry , Animal Feed , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antibody Specificity , Calibration , Cross Reactions , Drug Residues/analysis , Drug Residues/standards , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/instrumentation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Food Additives/analysis , Food Additives/chemistry , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Limit of Detection , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/instrumentation , Off-Label Use/veterinary , Phenethylamines/chemistry , Reagent Strips , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Veterinary Drugs/chemistryABSTRACT
More than 800 beef primal cuts from 44 Aberdeen Angus and Limousin-cross steers carcasses were scanned using spiral computed tomography (CT) and dissected. Thresholds for the segmentation of fat, muscle and bone in the CT spirals were estimated with the objective of assessing the weight of these tissues in the primal cuts and in the entire carcasses. Thresholds were estimated using half of the dataset (DBE) and then validated in the other half (DBV). Automatic image analysis procedures were used to assess tissue weights. The R(2) of the regression between primal tissue weight by dissection and CT were high in both datasets for fat (DBE, 0.89; DBV, 0.92), muscle (DBE, 0.99; DBV, 0.99) and bone (DBE, 0.95; DBV, 0.97). The estimation of total carcass tissue weights were also very accurate for the three tissues (R(2) values of 0.95 to 0.96), indicating that CT scanning may deliver very accurate information on beef carcass composition faster and with lower cost than physical dissection and without damaging or depreciating the primal joints.
Subject(s)
Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Meat , Tomography, Spiral Computed , Adipose Tissue, White/anatomy & histology , Animals , Body Composition , Body Weight , Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology , Cattle , Dissection , Food Technology/methods , Male , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Organ Size , Organ Specificity , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Relationships between Japanese color score (JCS) and pork quality attributes were studied and three equations were developed to predict JCS. Averages for population one (n=781) traits were used to develop initial prediction equations and traits from population two (n=684) were used to evaluate the success of the prediction equations. The first equation was: JCS=12.698-(0.01128 x firmness)+(0.09008 x pH)-(0.00007199 x drip loss)-(0.266 x L*)+(0.06923 x a*)-(0.201 x b*)+(0.02143 x hue angle); r(2)=0.916. The second equation was: JCS=15.255-(0.259 x L*)-(0.213 x b*)+(0.02518 x hue angle); r(2)=0.931. The third equation was: JCS=12.920-(0.219 x L*)+(0.07342 x a*)-(0.02166 x b*); r(2)=0.906. All equations predicted 92% or more Japanese color scores within +/-0.50. Requiring fewer measurements, the second and third equations would be advantageous when sorting pork on the basis of JCS.
Subject(s)
Meat-Packing Industry/methods , Meat/standards , Models, Biological , Pigmentation , Adipose Tissue, White/anatomy & histology , Animals , Body Composition , Body Weight , Chemical Phenomena , Dietary Fats/analysis , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Japan , Meat/analysis , Meat/economics , Meat-Packing Industry/economics , Quality Control , Regression Analysis , Surface Properties , Sus scrofa , Touch , Water/analysisABSTRACT
This research aimed at assessing the financial effects of the 2005 to 2006 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks on Turkish broiler enterprises. The data were obtained from an interview survey carried out in 499 enterprises randomly selected from 14 provinces that accounted for 79% of the national broiler production. The research revealed that the contracted broiler producers lost on average 1.38 cycles of production and their management fee reduced by 14.7% in 8 mo after the outbreaks. As a result, the broiler production and the enterprise income declined by 34.8 and 44.3%, respectively. The bank loan of the producers rose by 161%. A total of 93% of the producers did not do any other supplementary work during the idle production period in spite of the fact that broiler production was the only business of 36% of them. Furthermore, more than half of the producers (56%) stated that they were considering expanding their business, but suspended this idea due to the outbreak. Approximately 87% of the producers increased the biosecurity measures after the outbreaks. The nationwide effects of the avian influenza outbreaks on the contracted broilers farms were estimated to be US$100.8 million (US$7,967/broiler house). The futures of the contracted broiler producers are fully dependent upon those of the integrated firms. Any negative effects on the latter appeared to be transferred directly to the former. However, the government neglected the integrated firms in the avian influenza compensation programs.