Congenital cystic neck mass of thymic origin.

Neck masses are frequently seen in children. The differential diagnosis includes infectious, congenital and neoplastic lesions. We report a case of rare thymic neck mass in a boy in his middle childhood presented with a history of a left anterolateral neck mass not associated with fever, dysphagia or shortness of breath. The radiographic evaluation showed a picture of a thymopharyngeal duct cyst. Thymic remnant and thymopharyngeal duct cyst are caused by the failure of obliteration and might appear as a lateral neck mass in children. The most effective treatment for a thymopharyngeal duct cyst is total surgical excision. This particular case highlights the importance for clinicians to have a high index of suspicion for a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating paediatric patients who present with neck mass. Additionally, we emphasise the importance of consistently considering thymopharyngeal cyst as differential diagnosis.

Presumed mediastinal cysts have a low prevalence in canine thoracic computed tomographic studies.

Mediastinal cysts (MCs) are rare lesions that can arise from embryonic remnants of various mediastinal structures. MCs usually are incidental findings in dogs and cats; however, they can reach a mass-like appearance. The description of MCs on CT in dogs is limited. This retrospective, single-center, descriptive, prevalence study aimed to determine the prevalence of presumed mediastinal cysts (PMCs) in dogs and assess their CT characteristics. Dogs that underwent a thoracic CT scan from January 2019 to August 2021 were included. CT images were evaluated for the presence of PMCs by two diagnostic imaging interns, two last year diagnostic imaging residents, and a board-certified veterinary radiologist. Number, location, margins, shape, volume, size, mass effect, and attenuation values of PMCs were assessed. A total of 866 CT scans were reviewed, and 49 PMCs were identified. The prevalence of PMCs in dogs was 5.66%. English Bulldog and mixed-breed dogs were subjectively overrepresented; however, the possibility of population bias could not be excluded. PMCs were subjectively more frequently observed in male dogs. The PMCs were predominantly round, small, solitary fluid-filled findings localized in the cranioventral mediastinum, with well-defined margins, homogeneous attenuation, and no contrast enhancement. The median attenuation value was 6.32 HU (range: -20.16 to 23.45 HU) precontrast and 7.58 HU (range: -2.45 to 20.79 HU) postcontrast, and the median volume was 1.19 cm3 (range: 0.02-45.32 cm3). Although the prevalence of PMCs was low in our sample population, findings supported prioritizing a differential diagnosis of incidental PMC for dogs with the above imaging characteristics.

A case of a shrunken multilocular mediastinal cyst that developed into thymic carcinoma with lung metastases 13 years later.

Multilocular thymic cysts (MTC) are acquired multilocular cysts caused by inflammation. The rarity of such lesions and a lack of recognition make diagnosis and treatment difficult. Herein, we present our experience with a multilocular mediastinal cyst that resulted in the development of thymic cancer with metastasis over a period of 13 years. Computed tomography findings revealed an anterior mediastinal mass that was suspected to be an MTC in a 49-year-old man. The mass shrank gradually over a period of 7 years; however, growth was observed at 10 years after initial detection. At 13 years after detection, thymic carcinoma with multiple lung metastases was diagnosed. Resection was recommended during the follow-up period, but the patient refused treatment. A multilocular wall and location are factors that indicate MTC. However, even if a definitive diagnosis is not made, resection of multilocular anterior mediastinal cysts should be considered as determining the preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Nevertheless, our case suggests that the coexistence of tumors with cysts is possible, and the potential for malignant tumor development exists.

Computed tomography radiomic feature analysis of thymic epithelial tumors: Differentiation of thymic epithelial tumors from thymic cysts and prediction of histological subtypes.

PURPOSE: To investigate the value of computed tomography (CT) radiomic feature analysis for the differential diagnosis between thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) and thymic cysts, and prediction of histological subtypes of TETs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with TETs (13 low-risk and 9 high-risk thymomas, and 2 thymic carcinomas) and 12 with thymic cysts were included in this study. For each lesion, the radiomic features of a volume of interest covering the lesion were extracted from non-contrast enhanced CT images. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) method was used for the feature selection. Predictive models for differentiating TETs from thymic cysts (model A), and high risk thymomas + thymic carcinomas from low risk thymomas (model B) were created from the selected features. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the effectiveness of radiomic feature analysis for differentiating among these tumors. RESULTS: In model A, the selected 5 radiomic features for the model A were NGLDM_Contrast, GLCM_Correlation, GLZLM_SZLGE, DISCRETIZED_HISTO_Entropy_log2, and DISCRETIZED_HUmin. In model B, sphericity was the only selected feature. The area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of radiomic feature analysis were 1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1-1), 100%, and 100%, respectively, for differentiating TETs from thymic cysts (model A), and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.53-0.99), 64%, and 100% respectively, for differentiating high-risk thymomas + thymic carcinomas from low-risk thymomas (model B). CONCLUSION: CT radiomic analysis could be utilized as a non-invasive imaging technique for differentiating TETs from thymic cysts, and high-risk thymomas + thymic carcinomas from low-risk thymomas.

[Giant Pericardial Cyst with Left Ventricular Compression on Echocardiography:Report of a Case].

We report a very rare case of giant pericardial cyst with left ventricular compression on echocardiography. A 61-year-old man visited our hospital with a feeling of chest tightness. A cardiologist ruled out cardiac diseases of the patients and he was referred to us for examination and treatment of an abnormal left lung field shadow on chest x-ray. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a 16×7.5 cm cystic mass in connect with the heart and diaphragm. Echocardiography showed that the cystic mass was compressing the left ventricle. Surgical resection was attempted by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We aspirated serous liquid contents in the cyst and partially resected the cyst wall excepting cardiac side. After confirming the cyst was not a pericardial diverticulum, we completely resected its residual wall. His postoperative course was uncomplicated. The cyst was pathologically diagnosed as a pericardial cyst.

[A spherical abnormality on a chest X-ray]. / Een bolronde afwijking op de longfoto.

A 80-year-old man had spherical abnormality on radiography of the chest. The differential diagnosis includes a tumor, hernia of Morgagni or a pericardial diverticulum. CT-scan demonstrated a pericardial cyst with a diameter of 13 cm. Pericardial cysts are rare and are commonly located at the right cardiophrenic angle.

Mediastinal Hemangioma Masquerading as a Simple Cyst.

ABSTRACT: This report presents imaging from a mediastinal mass in a patient with colon cancer. At baseline and surveillance chest computed tomography examinations, it was characterized as a pericardial cyst. However, during chemotherapy, complications arose and this mass was further characterized with a chest MRI. It was then decided to be removed, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a hemangioma.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal giant pericardial cyst: A case report.

RATIONALE: We describe 1 case of fetal giant pericardial cyst was diagnosed by fetal echocardiography in the second trimester, and the changes of the cyst were recorded by follow-up observation in the late trimester and after birth. We then review and discuss the knowledge about its diagnosis and treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 34-year-old pregnant woman was referred to our hospital because of a diagnosis of a fetal pericardial effusion at 22 5/7 weeks at another hospital. DIAGNOSIS: Fetal echocardiography revealed an irregular anechoic area in the right side of the fetal right atrium and right ventricle that was closely related to but not communicated with the pericardiumis and suggested fetal pericardial cyst. Fetal cardiothoracic magnetic resonance imaging showed cystic FIESTA signal in the right lung region, with clear boundary, and a seemingly line-like low signal shadow within. INTERVENTIONS: Since fetal pericardial cysts keep decreasing in size during maternal pregnancy, follow-up observation measures are taken. OUTCOMES: Fetal pericardial cysts disappear on their own 4 months after delivery. LESSONS: Asymptomatic pericardial cysts in the fetal period can be followed up and observed, and intervention is performed only when the cyst rapidly enlarges or ruptures and becomes infected in the fetal or neonatal period. Echocardiography can be used as a first-line detection method for their initial detection and follow-up.

A large pericardial cyst mimicking a unilateral pleural effusion: A case report.

RATIONALE: Pericardial cysts are a rare benign disorder with a variable clinical presentation depending on their size and location. The diagnosis of pericardial cysts is usually based on imaging examinations. The definitive treatment is surgical resection. PATIENT CONCERN: A 36-year-old woman presented with progressive left-sided chest pain and exertional dyspnea, with symptoms resembling pleural effusion. DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with a pericardial cyst based on imaging and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). INTERVENTION: VATS was performed. OUTCOMES: The patient's symptoms improved after successful removal of the pericardial cyst. Follow-up chest computed tomography exhibited no evidence of recurrence. LESSONS: Clinicians should include pericardial cysts in the differential diagnosis of pseudopleural effusion. VATS is a feasible and safe method to treat symptomatic and large pericardial cysts.

[Posterior Mediastinal Cyst Resection during Cardiac Surgery through Median Sternotomy:Report of a Case].

A 47-year-old man presented with hematuria. Computed tomography( CT) showed a posterior mediastinal cyst. Chest magnetic resonance imaging showed a well defined mass with high intensity on T2-weighted images. Echocardiogram revealed severe aortic regurgitation, moderate mitral regurgitation and no continuity between the cyst and the pericardium. We performed aortic valve replacement, mitral annuloplasty and cyst resection after confirming it was not malignant by intraoperative rapid pathological examination. We performed sufficient and safe cyst resection through full sternotomy under cardiac arrest. Pathological examination revealed that cyst was bronchogenic. Bronchogenic cyst has malignant potential and it is very difficult to resect after presenting symptoms. We need to consider the differential diagnosis, the timing of operation and operative strategy.

Mediastinal Thoracic Duct Cyst Infection after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Esophageal Cancer.

A mediastinal thoracic duct cyst that originates from the thoracic duct is a very rare disease in the mediastinum. There have been no reports of mediastinal thoracic duct cyst infection caused by endoscopic treatment. This is the first case of mediastinal thoracic duct cyst infection after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal cancer. We herein report a 75-year-old man with mediastinal thoracic duct cyst infection caused by esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection. In cases where a mediastinal thoracic duct cyst is found before performing endoscopic esophageal treatment, we should carefully consider the potential risk of post-treatment cyst infection.

Cyst of Hattori: A Rare Cyst in the Posterior Mediastinum.

Sixteen years since their initial description in the literature, posterior mediastinal Mullerian cysts - otherwise known as cysts of Hattori, after their discoverer - remain rare, with only 40 patients reported as of 2020. We report a 43 year old obese female that presented with a 2.6 cm cyst found in the posterior mediastinum by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and previously by chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) originally diagnosed as a congenital enteric duplication cyst of the esophagus radiologically. Upon surgical excision via a DaVinci thoracoscopy, the cyst was confirmed to be of Mullerian origin by PAX8, WT1, and ER staining. It is possible that the majority of cysts of Hattori remain unrecognized and undiagnosed, given their rarity and resemblance to other pathologies. It is important that this entity become a part of every pathologist's differential for a posterior mediastinal cyst in a female.

Thoracic benign cystic mesothelioma.

BACKGROUND: Benign cystic mesotheliomas (BCMs), also known as multilocular mesothelial inclusion cysts, inflammatory inclusion cysts or multicystic mesothelial proliferation, are frequently observed in females and are localised localised in the pelvic peritoneum. They are rarely present in the thoracic and mediastinal areas; however, these locations have been reported in a few cases in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a woman with an intrathoracic BCM. A 28-year-old female patient presented with a cystic mass of 8 × 6 × 6 cm in the left hemithorax shown by computed tomography of the thorax. The patient underwent cystic mass excision with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), which was completed without complications. The diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically after the surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS: Due to BCMs' non-specific clinical symptoms and radiological imaging, preoperative diagnosis is difficult, and they are often confused with pericardial cysts. There is no standard treatment protocol; however, VATS and en bloc resection are the most frequently used treatment options for mediastinal localization. Since these lesions slow proliferation rates have the potential for local recurrence and low malignant transformation, close follow-up is recommended. In this case report, we aimed to present a rare BCM case with intrathoracic paracardiac localization was completely excised through VATS. No recurrence has been detected in three years of follow-up.

Swallowing-induced Atrial Tachycardia with a Thymic Cyst.

We herein report a 34-year-old man who presented with recurrent palpitations that occurred while swallowing solid food. Holter monitoring revealed atrial tachycardia (AT) while eating. In addition, chest computed tomography (CT) showed a small nodule in the front of the ascending aorta. Thoracoscopic surgery was performed to remove the nodule; a pathological examination revealed that the nodule was a thymic cyst. The AT disappeared postoperatively. This case demonstrates that a mediastinal nodule can cause swallowing-induced AT.

A Large Pericardial Cyst in the Left Cardiophrenic Causing Persistent Chest Pain and Cough: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Pericardial cyst is a rare benign mass of the mediastinum. More than two-thirds of pericardial cysts are located in the right cardiophrenic angle and less than one-third in the left cardiophrenic angle. Most cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during to thoracic imaging such as chest X-ray, CT scans, and transthoracic echocardiograms. When pericardial cysts present with symptoms, they are often persistent and non-specific and include chest pain, dyspnea, and persistent cough. The optimal management of pericardial cysts is unclear, and no large studies regarding safety, efficacy, and long-term follow-up exist. Management strategies include cyst resection with sternotomy, thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery, cyst aspiration, and sclerosis after aspiration. The optimal mode of follow-up for asymptomatic cases is also unclear. Here, we present a case of a large pericardial cyst in the left cardiophrenic angle in a middle-aged Danish woman with persistent and unresolved dyspnea and chest pain. CASE REPORT A 57-year-old woman was referred for transthoracic echocardiography because of year-long cough and left-sided chest pain, which were exacerbated in the supine position. The echocardiography revealed a large cyst-like structure over the left ventricle. A cardiac CT scan and MRI scan were performed, confirming the presence of a large pericardial cyst with no communication with the pericardium. The cyst was surgically removed via thoracotomy. CONCLUSIONS Pericardial cysts should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis, giving rise to common cardio-pulmonary symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, and cough.