Philip T. Cagle, MD-Editor-in-Chief of the Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 2005-2019.

• The Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine was first published in 1926 as a specialty journal of the American Medical Association. It became the official journal of the College of American Pathologists in 1995. Under the dynamic leadership of its most recent editor-in-chief, Philip T. Cagle, MD, the Archives has dramatically increased its impact factor and become the most widely read general pathology journal. Dr. Cagle has consistently added leading pathologists to the editorial board, and the collective expertise of these individuals is clearly evident in new, cutting-edge journal masthead sections. The Archives has featured innovative content in the field of digital pathology, including articles on the utilization of smart phones in pathology and the incorporation of whole-slide images and videos into the content of articles. During the current editorial board's tenure, special sections were introduced and have proven immensely popular with the journal's readership. As the Archives celebrates its 94th anniversary, its editorial board remains committed to providing insightful and relevant medical knowledge. The journal's open access Web site ( www.archivesofpathology.org ) allows the dissemination of this information to every corner of the globe at no expense to those who wish to expand their knowledge or improve their medical practice. Dr. Cagle, with support from the editorial board and journal staff, has worked tirelessly during his tenure as Archives editor-in-chief to greatly enhance the content of the journal and its stature within pathology and laboratory medicine.

Paul Bastenie et la recherche en diabétologie à l'ULB.

The present chapter deals with the contribution of Professor Paul A. Bastenie, as Chief of the Department of Medicine of the Saint-Pierre Hospital and Director of the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine at Brussels Free University, in the field of diabetes with emphasis on the role of insulin in glucose homeostasis. The knowledge and experimental work under consideration is covering the period from 1955 to 1974. They entail not only three treatises contributed by Bastenie but also fundamental and clinical investigations, such as those presented in eight doctoral dissertations submitted for aggregation examination at Brussels Free University. These theses are dealing with the measurement of glucose assimilation (V. Conard), the measurement of insulin activity in men (J.R.M. Franckson), the mechanisms of action of hypoglycemic drugs (R. Bellens), the study of energy metabolism in children (H. Loeb), the study of insulin secretion in vitro (W. Malaisse), the distribution of insulin in body fluids as influenced by the permeability and structure of blood capillaries (E. Rasio), the regulation of the extra-hepatic metabolism of ketone bodies in anesthetized dogs (E.O. Balasse) and the use of radioiodinated insulin as tracers in biology (H.A. Ooms).

Le présent article concerne la contribution du Professeur Paul A. Bastenie, en tant que Chef du Département de Médecine à l'Hôpital Saint-Pierre et de Directeur du Laboratoire de Médecine expérimentale à l'Université libre de Bruxelles, dans le domaine de la diabétologie, en particulier le rôle de l'insuline dans l'homéostasie glucidique. Le travail expérimental pris en considération couvre la période de 1955 à 1974. Il comporte non seulement trois traités contribués par Bastenie, mais également des investigations fondamentales et cliniques telles que celles présentées à l'Université libre de Bruxelles dans huit thèses d'agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur. Celles-ci concernent la mesure de l'assimilation de glucose (V. Conard), la mesure de l'activité de l'insuline chez l'homme (J.R.M. Franckson), les mécanismes d'action des drogues hypoglycémiantes (R. Bellens), le métabolisme énergétique de l'enfant (H. Loeb), la sécrétion insulinique in vitro (W. Malaisse), le passage capillaire de l'insuline (E. Rasio), le métabolisme extra-hépatique des corps cétoniques in vivo (E.O. Balasse) et l'emploi des insulines radioiodées comme traceurs en biologie (H.A. Ooms).

Philip Hillkowitz The "Granddaddy of Medical Technologists" and Cofounder of the American Society for Clinical Pathologists and the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society.

CONTEXT: - In the early 20th century, the future of hospital-based clinical pathology practice was uncertain and this situation led to the formation of the American Society for Clinical Pathologists in 1922. Philip Hillkowitz, MD, and Ward Burdick, MD, were its cofounders. No biography of Hillkowitz exists. OBJECTIVE: - To explore the life, beliefs, and accomplishments of Philip Hillkowitz. DESIGN: - Available primary and secondary historical sources were reviewed. RESULTS: - Hillkowitz, the son of a Russian rabbi, immigrated to America as an 11-year-old child in 1885. He later attended medical school in Cincinnati, Ohio, and then moved to Colorado, where he began his clinical practice, which transitioned into a clinical pathology practice. In Denver, he met Charles Spivak, MD, another Jewish immigrant and together they established the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society, an ethnically sensitive tuberculosis sanatorium that flourished in the first half of the 20th century because of its national fundraising network. In 1921, Hillkowitz and Burdick, also a Denver-based pathologist, successively organized the pathologists in Denver, followed by the state of Colorado. Early the next year, they formed the American Society for Clinical Pathologists (ASCP). Working with the American College of Surgeons, the ASCP put hospital-based practice of clinical pathology on solid footing in the 1920s. Hillkowitz then established and oversaw the ASCP Board of Registry of Medical Technologists. CONCLUSIONS: - Philip Hillkowitz changed the directions of clinical pathology and tuberculosis treatment in 20th century America, while simultaneously serving as a successful ethnic power broker within both the American Jewish and Eastern European immigrant communities.

Perspectiva histórica de la espectrometría de masas en microbiología / Historical perspective of mass spectrometry in microbiology

La espectrometría de masas (EM) es una técnica de análisis que permite caracterizar muestras midiendo las masas (estrictamente las razones masa-carga) de las moléculas componentes. Cuenta con más de un siglo de historia y evolución tecnológica y a lo largo de los años ha ampliado su alcance desde los isótopos a moléculas pequeñas, moléculas orgánicas más complejas y, en las últimas décadas, macromoléculas (ácidos nucleicos y proteínas). La EM MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight) es una variante que permite el análisis de mezclas complejas de proteínas y que se ha aplicado recientemente a la identificación de microorganismos en cultivo, convirtiéndose en una herramienta rápida y eficaz para el diagnóstico microbiológico que ha conseguido entrar en poco tiempo en la rutina de muchos servicios de microbiología clínica. El gran impacto que ha tenido está impulsando el desarrollo de nuevas aplicaciones en el campo de la microbiología clínica

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that allows samples to be characterized by measuring the masses (strictly speaking their mass-to-charge ratio) of the component molecules. This technique has been used for more than one hundred years and technological development throughout this time has broadened its scope from isotopes to small molecules, more complex organic molecules, and in the last few decades, macromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins). MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight) MS is a variant that allows analysis of complex mixtures of proteins and has recently been applied to the identification of cultured microorganisms, making it a rapid and effective tool for microbiological diagnosis. In a short time, MALDI-TOF MS has become a routinely used technique in many clinical microbiology services and its strong impact is prompting the development of new applications in the field of clinical microbiology

La formación en las especialidades del laboratorio clínico y el compromiso profesional / Specialty training in clinical laboratory and professional commitment

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