ABSTRACT
In this month's column, the author reflects on the initial concerns of the Medicare Part D program and the actual results of the program 15 years after it became law.
Subject(s)
Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services/history , Legislation, Drug , Medicare Part D/history , Drug Prescriptions/economics , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Medicare Part D/legislation & jurisprudence , Prescription Drugs , United StatesABSTRACT
Consumers need information to compare alternatives for markets to function efficiently. Recognizing this, public policies often pair competition with easy access to comparative information. The implicit assumption is that comparison frictionthe wedge between the availability of comparative information and consumers' use of itis inconsequential because when information is readily available, consumers will access this information and make effective choices. We examine the extent of comparison friction in the market for Medicare Part D prescription drug plans in the United States. In a randomized field experiment, an intervention group received a letter with personalized cost information. That information was readily available for free and widely advertised. However, this additional stepproviding the information rather than having consumers actively access ithad an impact. Plan switching was 28% in the intervention group, versus 17% in the comparison group, and the intervention caused an average decline in predicted consumer cost of about $100 a year among letter recipientsroughly 5% of the cost in the comparison group. Our results suggest that comparison friction can be large even when the cost of acquiring information is small and may be relevant for a wide range of public policies that incorporate consumer choice.