ABSTRACT
Abstract Bovine infectious mastitis is largely resistant to antibacterial treatment, mainly due to mechanisms of bacterial resistance in the biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus. Melaleuca (MEO) and citronella essential oils (CEO) are promising agents for reducing or eliminating biofilms. Free melaleuca oil presented a medium Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.625% and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 1.250%, while free citronella oil showed medium MIC and MBC of 0.313%. Thus, free CEO and MEO demonstrate bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential. We generated polymeric nanocapsules containing MEO or CEO and evaluated their efficacy at reducing biofilms formed by S. aureus. Glass and polypropylene spheres were used as test surfaces. To compare the responses of free and encapsulated oils, strains were submitted to 10 different procedures, using free and nanoencapsulated essential oils (EOs) in vitro. We observed no biofilm reduction by MEO, free or nanoencapsulated. However, CEO nanocapsules reduced biofilm formation on glass (p=0.03) and showed a tendency to diminish biofilms on polypropylene (p=0.051). Despite nanoencapsulated CEO reducing biofilms in vitro, the formulation could be improved to modify the CEO component polarity and, including MEO, to obtain more interactions with surfaces and the biofilm matrix
Subject(s)
Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Biofilms/classification , Nanocapsules/adverse effects , Mastitis, Bovine/pathology , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Melaleuca/adverse effects , Cymbopogon/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Lipoid pneumonia, although uncommon, should be considered when patients had a chronic pneumonia. We report a case of a 40-year-old female who presented with a chronic pneumonia. The CT-scan analysis, then the bronchoalveolar lavage, revealed a lipoid pneumonia. This lipoid pneumonia was caused by chronic inhalation of niaoulis vapors. This etiology has not been described in the literature. Alveolar condensation disappeared one month after bronchoalveolar lavage. This suggests that bronchoalveolar lavage may contribute to opacity regression besides exogenous lipid eviction.
Subject(s)
Melaleuca/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Pneumonia, Lipid/etiology , Pneumonia, Lipid/pathology , Administration, Inhalation , Adult , Aerosols/adverse effects , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Female , Humans , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Lipid/therapyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Melaleuca/adverse effects , Gynecomastia/chemically induced , Plant Oils/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The use of botanical extracts for their perceived therapeutic benefits has gained increased popularity in this country and abroad. In particular, tea tree oil (the extracted oil of Melaleuca alternifolia) has gained widespread use for its purported antimicrobial and therapeutic effects. In parallel with this increased use is an expanding series of reported adverse effects, including allergic contact dermatitis, systemic contact dermatitis, linear immunoglobulin A disease, erythema multiforme-like id reactions, and systemic hypersensitivity reactions. We present a review of tea tree oil with regard to its history, chemistry, purported medicinal uses, and possible adverse cutaneous effects.
Subject(s)
Allergens/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Melaleuca/adverse effects , Tea Tree Oil/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology , Humans , Phytotherapy/adverse effects , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of alcohol-based and alcohol-free melaleuca oral solution in patients with AIDS and fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis. METHOD: We performed a prospective, single-center, open-label study in a university-based inner city HIV/AIDS clinic. The study included 27 patients with AIDS and oral candidiasis clinically refractory to fluconazole. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either alcohol-based or alcohol-free melaleuca oral solution four times daily for 2-4 weeks. Thirteen patients were enrolled into cohort 1, and 14 patients were enrolled into cohort 2. The main outcome measure was resolution of clinical lesions of oral candidiasis. Evaluations were performed at 2 and 4 weeks for clinical signs and symptoms of oral candidiasis and quantitative yeast cultures. RESULTS: All C. albicans isolates showed some degree of in vitro resistance to fluconazole. Overall, using a modified intent-to-treat analysis, 60% of patients demonstrated a clinical response to the melaleuca oral solution (7 patients cured and 8 patients clinically improved) at the 4-week evaluation. CONCLUSION: Both formulations of the melaleuca oral solution appear to be effective alternative regimens for patients with AIDS suffering from oropharyngeal candidiasis refractory to fluconazole.
