Sobre la memoria, la conciencia y el pensamiento en américa latina: Entre la laguna y el pantano / On the memory, consciousness, and thought in latin america: between the lagoon and the swamp

En el presente texto se desarrollan algunas rutas de análisis en torno a la pregunta ¿cómo incorporar éticamente el problema en sus acciones cotidianas, y del mismo modo, cómo evitar las exitosas estrategias del olvido y la indiferencia?; Se hace énfasis en la ganada importancia que tienen los procesos populares sobre todo juveniles, en tanto que, gracias a sus narrativas, acrecientan y triunfan cotidianamente sobre las retóricas autoritarias quebuscan silenciar la memoria.

Some routes of analyses around the following question: How to incorporate ethically the problem in their daily actions, and similarly, how to avoid the successful strategies of oblivion and indifference? are addressed in this paper. Certain emphasis is made on thegained importance that the popular processes have specially those related to the youth, while, thanks to their narratives, they increase and succeed, on a daily basis, over the authoritarian rhetoric seeking to silence memory.

Verbal forward digit span in Spanish population / Amplitud verbal de dígitos en orden directo en población española

BACKGROUND: Older people complain of difficulties in recalling telephone numbers and being able to dial them in the correct order. This study examined the developmental trend of verbal forward digit span across adulthood and aging in a Spanish population, as an index of one of the components of Baddeley's working memory model- the phonological loop-, which illustrates these two aspects. METHOD: A verbal digit span was administered to an incidental sample of 987 participants ranging from 35 to 90 years old. The maximum length was defined that participants could recall of at least two out of three series in the same order as presented with no errors. Demographic variables of gender and educational level were also examined. RESULTS: The ANOVA showed that the three main factors (age group, gender and educational level) were significant, but none of the interactions was. Verbal forward digit span decreases during the lifespan, but gender and educational level affect it slightly. CONCLUSION: Phonological loop is affected by age. The verbal forward digit span in this study is generally lower than the one reported in other studies

ANTECEDENTES: Las personas mayores se quejan con frecuencia de las dificultades que tienen para recordar números de teléfono o para marcarlos en el orden correcto. Este estudio investiga el desarrollo de la amplitud verbal de dígitos en orden directo en adultos y personas mayores en población española, como índice de uno de los componentes del modelo de memoria operativa de Baddeley: el lazo fonológico, que precisamente ilustra estos dos aspectos. MÉTODO: la tarea verbal de amplitud de dígitos en orden directo se administró a una muestra incidental de 987 participantes, entre 35 y 90 años. Se definió como la longitud mayor de series de dígitos repetidas correctamente en, al menos, dos de las tres series. Variables demográficas, género y nivel educativo también se examinaron. RESULTADOS: el ANOVA mostró que los tres factores principales (grupo de edad, género y nivel educativo) fueron significativos, pero ninguna de las interacciones alcanzó la significación. La amplitud verbal de dígitos en orden directo desciende durante el ciclo vital, pero tanto género como nivel educativo afectaron ligeramente. CONCLUSIONES: el lazo fonológico está afectado por la edad. La amplitud verbal de dígitos en orden directo fue, en general, menor que la encontrada en otros estudios

The effects of acute administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L. ) (Lamiaceae) in animal models of memory

Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) demonstrates antioxidant, antidepressant, diuretic, antinociceptive and antiulcerogenic activities. The present study was designed to examine the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of R. officinalis on the memory of male mice. The behavioral tasks employed were social recognition (SR), the Morris water maze (MWM) and an inhibitory avoidance task (IA). The treatment with 150 and 300 mg/kg of R. officinalis improved the acquisition phase of learning of a new social memory in the SR task because a decrease was observed in the duration of social investigation. In the Morris water maze, no significant effect was observed on spatial memory when the groups were compared for the time spent in the correct quadrant. In the inhibitory avoidance task, the decrease in the step-down latencies in the test session indicate that 150 mg/kg of R. officinalis improved long-term memory when administered in the consolidation phase of learning. In conclusion, the present study showed that, the hydroalcoholic extract of R. officinalis at 150 and 300 mg/kg modulated the short- and long-term memories of mice, in a social recognition and inhibitory avoidance task, respectively. This modulator effect was shown to improve learning and memory processes.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Alecrim) possui atividade antioxidante, antidepressiva, diurética, antinociceptiva e antiulcerogênica. O presente estudo foi delineado para investigar o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de R. officinallis na memória de camundongos machos. Os modelos comportamentais utilizados foram a tarefa de reconhecimento social (RS), labirinto aquático de Morris (MWM) e esquiva inibitória (EI). O tratamento com 150 e 300mg/kg de R. officinallis, mostrou ter efeito positivo na aquisição de uma nova memória social, na tarefa de reconhecimento social, mostrando redução significativa do tempo de investigação social. No labirinto aquático de Morris, não foi visto efeito significativo na memória espacial, ao comparar o tempo desprendido no quadrante correto entre os diferentes tratamentos. Na esquiva inibitória a latência de descida da plataforma, observada na sessão teste, sugere que o tratamento com a dose 150 mg/kg de R. officinallis tem um efeito positivo na memória de longo prazo, quando administrada na fase de consolidação. Conclui-se que o extrato de R. officinalis nas doses de 150 e 300 mg/kg foi capaz de modular as memórias de curto e longo prazo dos roedores nas tarefas de reconhecimento social e esquiva inibitoria, respectivamente, e esse efeito modulatório melhorou os processos de aprendizado e memória.