ABSTRACT
We have studied the patterns of glomerular activation evoked in the olfactory bulbs of C57BL/6J and AKR/J mice by olfactory stimulations with amyl acetate or isovaleric acid. Patterns of glomerular activation were obtained with the 2-deoxyglucose method and subsequently compared using a computer-assisted image analysis. The mice of both inbred strains stimulated with amyl acetate or isovaleric acid were characterized by areas of high 2-deoxyglucose uptake in their glomerular layer. Statistical comparisons of the patterns demonstrated that they were odor-specific. Although C57BL/6J mice have been found to be specifically anosmic to isovaleric acid, our findings indicate that their olfactory system is topographically activated by olfactory stimulations with this odorant. However, patterns of glomerular activity evoked by isovaleric acid stimulations are not similar in the two studied strains.
Subject(s)
Deoxy Sugars/metabolism , Deoxyglucose/metabolism , Mice, Inbred AKR/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL/metabolism , Olfactory Bulb/metabolism , Pentanoic Acids , Pentanols , Valerates , Action Potentials , Animals , Hemiterpenes , Mice , Mice, Inbred AKR/physiology , Mice, Inbred C57BL/physiology , Olfactory Bulb/physiologySubject(s)
Motor Neurons/drug effects , Nerve Regeneration/drug effects , Salivary Glands/analysis , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/isolation & purification , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/immunology , Animals , Autoantibodies/immunology , Axons/drug effects , Axons/ultrastructure , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chick Embryo , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred AKR/metabolism , Mice, Inbred BALB C/metabolism , Motor Neurons/ultrastructure , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/immunology , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/pharmacologySubject(s)
Benzo(a)pyrene/metabolism , Cytochromes/biosynthesis , Mice, Inbred AKR/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL/metabolism , Animals , Antibodies/immunology , Benzo(a)pyrene/pharmacology , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 , Cytochromes/immunology , Enzyme Induction/drug effects , Immunization , Male , Methylcholanthrene/pharmacology , Mice , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Microsomes, Liver/immunology , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Ethanol metabolism increases 2 to 3 hr after the administration of ethanol. This phenomenon, called the swift increase in alcohol metabolism, has been compared in four inbred strains of mice (DBA/2J, C3H/HeJ, AKR/J and C57BL/6J). Basal rates of ethanol elimination were determined in individual mice after an i.p. injection of ethanol (2 g/kg). Little variability in this basal rate of ethanol elimination was observed within each strain. Mice were then exposed to ethanol vapor (20--22 mg/l) and rates of ethanol elimination were determined every 2 hr for 8 hr. By 2 to 3 hr, the rates of ethanol elimination initially increased 2- to 3-fold and then declined toward basal rates over the 8-hr interval in all strains studied. In another experiment, the dose of ethanol was varied to produce blood ethanol levels ranging from 50 to 250 mg/100 ml in both basal- and ethanol vapor-treated mice. Ethanol elimination increased greater than 1.5-fold in all four strains studied when basal rates were compared to rates observed after 4 hr of vapor treatment at the same blood ethanol level; however, the dose at which the maximal increase occurred differed among the strains. DBA/2J mice exhibited a maximal increase in the rate of ethanol elimination when ethanol concentrations were in the range of 30 to 50 mg/100 ml; the increase was smaller as the dose was increased. In contrast, AKR/J and C57BL/6J mice required 100 to 150 mg/100 ml of ethanol to activate the swift increase in alcohol metabolism effect. These data indicate clearly that the swift increase in alcohol metabolism effect is a common phenomenon and that dose and time relations differ in various inbred strains of mice.
Subject(s)
Ethanol/metabolism , Mice, Inbred Strains/metabolism , Animals , Breath Tests , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ethanol/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred AKR/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C3H/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL/metabolism , Mice, Inbred DBA/metabolism , Mice, Inbred Strains/genetics , Time FactorsABSTRACT
AKR-2B mouse embryo cells undergoing the serum-stimulated transition from a quiescent to a proliferating state exhibit an increase in the rate of hnRNA synthesis which appears to be mediated through an increase in the actual number of RNA polymerase II molecules. alpha-Amanitin, administered early in the prereplication interval following stimulation, effectively inhibits hnRNA synthesis, polysomal mRNA accumulation, polyribosome formation, and subsequent DNA synthesis, and cell division. Unexpectedly, alpha-amanitin treatment also produces almost complete inhibition of the synthesis of 45S rRNA precursor and the increase in accumulation of cytoplasmic rRNA following serum stimulation. In order to determine whether the inhibition of new ribosomal synthesis might in itself be sufficient to prevent serum-stimulated DNA synthesis, the effects of 5-fluorouridine (5-FU), a specific inhibitor of 45S rRNA processing, were investigated. If added within eight hours following serum stimulation, 5-FU was found to completely inhibit subsequent DNA synthesis. These results suggest that quiescent AKR-2B cells do not contain a sufficient excess of ribosomes to support the synthesis of proteins which are required for DNA synthesis in response to serum growth factors. Furthermore, an early polymerase II mediated synthesis of mRNA(s) coding for some factor(s) necessary for ribosomal gene transcription may be an essential step in the serum-stimulated synthesis of new ribosomes.
