Síndrome del lóbulo medio: presentación de un caso / Middle lobe syndrome: a case report

Fundamento: el síndrome de lóbulo medio en la actualidad se considera un síndrome clínico radiológico de curso crónico caracterizado por atelectasia o diversos grados de neumonitis, bronquiectasia recurrente o crónica, secundario a obstrucción o compresión por ganglios linfáticos del bronquio del lóbulo medio de origen infeccioso o neoplásico.Objetivo: describir un caso clínico de un paciente con el diagnóstico de síndrome del lóbulo medio causado por un linfoma no Hodgkin endobronquial.Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 19 años de edad, con antecedentes patológicos de asma bronquial. El motivo de ingreso fue malestar general, dolor en punta de costado derecha, disnea a los pequeños esfuerzos, fiebre de 38 grados centígrados con expectoración hemoptoica. Al examen físico se constató palidez cutánea mucosa, disminución del murmullo vesicular, presencia de estertores roncos y sibilantes en el campo pulmonar derecho. El diagnóstico se realizó por los estudios imaginológicos, y broncoscopia con la biopsia de la tumoración endobronquial.Conclusiones: el síndrome del lóbulo medio causado por un linfoma no Hodgkin endobronquial es un diagnóstico poco frecuente por lo cual se decidió presentar el caso(AU)

Background: middle lobe syndrome is currently considered a radiologic clinical syndrome characterized by atelectasis chronic course or varying degrees of pneumonitis and bronchiectasis, recurrent or chronic, secondary to obstruction or compression by lymph nodes of the infectious or neoplastic origin middle lobe bronchus.Objective: to describe a clinical case of a patient with the diagnosis of syndrome of the middle lobe caused by endobronchial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Clinical case: a 19-year-old male patient with a pathological history of bronchial asthma. The reason for entry was general discomfort, pain in right side end, dyspnea to small efforts, fever of 38 degrees Celsius, hemoptoic sputum. Physical examination found mucous skin pallor, decrease of the vesicular murmur, presence of grunting and hissing crackles in right lung field. The diagnosis was made by the imaging studio, and bronchoscopy with endobronchial tumor biopsy.Conclusions: the average caused by Lymphoma endobronchial lobe syndrome is a rare diagnosis; therefore it was decided to present this case(AU)

Clinical profile of recurrent community-acquired pneumonia in children.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this case-control study was to analyse the clinical characteristics of children with recurrent community-acquired pneumonia (rCAP) affecting different lung areas (DLAs) and compare them with those of children who have never experienced CAP in order to contribute to identifying the best approach to such patients. METHODS: The study involved 146 children with ≥2 episodes of radiographically confirmed CAP in DLA in a single year (or ≥3 episodes in any time frame) with radiographic clearing of densities between occurrences, and 145 age- and gender-matched controls enrolled in Milan, Italy, between January 2009 and December 2012. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the cases and controls were compared, and a comparison was also made between the cases with rCAP (i.e. ≤3 episodes) and those with highly recurrent CAP (hrCAP: i.e. >3 episodes). RESULTS: Gestational age at birth (p = 0.003), birth weight (p = 0.006), respiratory distress at birth (p < 0.001), and age when starting day care attendance (p < 0.001) were significantly different between the cases and controls, and recurrent infectious wheezing (p < 0.001), chronic rhinosinusitis with post-nasal drip (p < 0.001), recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (p < 0.001), atopy/allergy (p < 0.001) and asthma (p < 0.001) were significantly more frequent. Significant risk factors for hrCAP were gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; p = 0.04), a history of atopy and/or allergy (p = 0.005), and a diagnosis of asthma (p = 0.0001) or middle lobe syndrome (p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and gender, showed that all of the risk factors other than GERD and wheezing were associated with hrCAP. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic approach to children with rCAP in DLAs is relatively easy in the developed world, where the severe chronic underlying diseases favouring rCAP are usually identified early, and patients with chronic underlying disease are diagnosed before the occurrence of rCAP in DLAs. When rCAP in DLAs does occur, an evaluation of the patients' history and clinical findings make it possible to limit diagnostic investigations.

Middle lobe syndrome: a nationwide study on clinicopathological features and surgical treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is a relatively uncommon lung disease that is characterized by damage to the middle lobe and often needs surgical intervention. OBJECTIVE: To study clinical, radiological and histological features of all patients who underwent surgical resection for MLS in Iceland over a 13-year period, including evaluation of surgical outcome. METHODS: Information on patients who underwent surgery of the right middle lobe in Iceland from 1984 to 2006 was obtained from a centralized diagnosis and pathology registry. Clinical data were collected retrospectively from clinical records from hospitals and from private offices. All pathology specimens were reviewed. RESULTS: We studied 18 patients, 3 males and 15 females between the ages 2 and 86 years (mean 55). The most common clinical features were recurrent infection (n = 15), chronic cough with productive sputum (n = 9), chest pain (n = 8) or dyspnea (n = 7). The most common findings on chest radiographs and on computerized tomography of the chest were atelectasis, consolidation and bronchiectasis. One patient had a foreign body. The most common major histological finding was bronchiectasis in nine patients, and two had foreign body reaction. Minor findings included bronchiolitis, organizing pneumonia and peribronchial inflammation. All patients survived surgery with minor peri- and postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: MLS is more common in females, and recurrent infections, chronic productive cough and dyspnea were the most common symptoms. Bronchiectasis is the most common histological finding. MLS can be treated effectively with lobectomy with low mortality and rate of complications.

Síndrome do lobo médio: estudo de 10 casos atendidos no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley / Middle lob disease: 10 cases assisted in the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley

Os autores fazem um estudo de 10 casos de síndrome do lobo médio (SLM), atendidos no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (HULW/UFPB), no período de 1986 a 1999. Enfatizam os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais de diagnóstico, inclusive por imagem, comentando cada caso isoladamente. Ressaltam os aspectos radiográficos mais sugestivos dessa enfermidade, visando a instituição de um protocolo terapêutico cirúrgico para posterior seguimento e evolução. Chamam ainda a atenção para a instituição do tratamento tuberculostático precoce, no intuito de evitar seqüelas irreparáqveis no lobo médio, sobretudo sua forma mais temível - a síndrome do lobo médio. Concluem que o tratamento cirúrgico da SLM é considerado imprescindível no sentido não apenas de corrigir as graves deformidades da arquitetura pulmonar do lobo médio, mas também de acelerar a cura.

[Middle lobe syndrome--incidence and relationship to atypical mycobacterial pulmonary disease].

We evaluated the incidence of middle lobe syndrome in the Haibara area, and its relationship to atypical mycobacterial infection. Of the 30,588 persons who underwent annual mini-chest roentgenography in 1992 or 1993 or both, 51 (0.17%) had middle lobe syndrome, diagnosed from posteroanterior and lateral chest X-ray films. The incidence was significantly higher in persons over 50 years old than in persons under 50 years old (0.26% vs 0.02%: p < 0.001), and was higher in femals than in males (0.20% vs 0.11%: p = 0.527). Of 16 patients examined by bronchoscopy and computed tomography, 7 showed evidence of cylindrical bronchiectasis, and four had mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease presenting as middle lobe syndrome. All four were women who were 51 years of age or older and none had predisposing pulmonary disorders. Computed tomography showed multiple nodular shadows with or without bronchiectasis located in the middle lobe or the lingula. Cavitary lesions were not seen. These results indicate that middle lobe syndrome is not rare, and that infection with mycobacterium avium complex should be considered when multiple nodular shadows are seen in the middle lobe or the lingula.

[Middle lobe syndrome in children. Critical review]. / La sindrome del lobo medio nel bambino. Rivisitazione critica.

The clinical, radiological and anatomo-evolutive pictures of this syndrome are typical. It is suggested that cases are more frequent than is generally thought and that their recognition is delayed on account of the considerable time that often elapses before repeated infection of the respiratory system, particularly the middle lobe, results in the onset of the syndrome.