ABSTRACT
Los profesionales auxiliares sanitarios de la Armada, formaron parte inseparable del grupo de los suboficiales desde su creación en 1940, hasta que la evolución de la técnica sanitaria y la formación académica, los hicieron desaparecer. Con la llegada de los Ayudantes Técnicos Sanitarios, y más tarde los Enfermeros, traspasaron los límites del horizonte de los suboficiales, gracias a su formación universitaria, y se integraron en los Cuerpos Comunes de las Fuerzas Armadas, como oficiales. Trabajaron en un medio hostil y dejaron profundas huellas que la historia no debe olvidar
The auxiliary health professionals of the Spanish Navy, were an inseparable part of the group of NCOs since the creation of the corps in 1940, until it disappears due to the evolution of the sanitary technique and the requirement of academic training. With the arrival of the so-called Sanitary Technical Assistants, the Nurses crossed the limits of the horizons of the NCOs, and thanks to their university degree, they joined the Common Corps of the Armed Forces, as officers. They worked in a hostile environment and left deep traces that history should not forget
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Military Medicine/history , Military Nursing/history , Allied Health Personnel/history , Military Medicine/classificationABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Gender disparity in academic medicine has been well described in the civilian sector. This has not yet been evaluated in the military health system where hundreds of female surgeons are practicing. Military service limits factors such as part time work and control over time spent away from family, which are often cited as contributors to the pay and promotion gap in civilian academic medicine. The military has explicit policies to limit discrimination based on gender. Pay between men and women is equal as it is based on rank and time in rank. One would expect to see less disparity in promotion through the academic ranks for military female surgeons given this otherwise equal treatment. This has not previously been objectively tracked or reported. It is beneficial to characterize the military academic medicine gender gap and benchmark against national data to define the academic gender gap and lay the groundwork for future work to identify factors contributing to the observed difference. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was granted exemption from the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) Internal Review Board (IRB). The Uniformed Services University (USU) Department of Surgery academic appointment list was reviewed to assess female representation in the categories of Instructor, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Professor, and Other. Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) and the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) were assessed for total numbers of female surgeons on active duty, and numbers were compared with nationally published Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) data using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: There was a higher proportion of women in academic positions in the civilian cohort than in the military cohort (OR: 1.84; CI: 1.53-2.21, p < .0001). This difference was observed at every level of academic achievement. A higher percentage of women were observed at lower levels of professorship than at higher levels; instructors were more likely to be women than assistant professor (OR: 1.44, CI:1.16-1.79), associate professor (OR: 2.24, CI: 1.77-2.84), or full professor (OR:4.61, CI: 3.57-5.94). CONCLUSIONS: Fewer female surgeons in military medicine hold academic appointment when compared with their counterparts in civilian medicine. Similar to the civilian sector, military academic surgery also demonstrates less likelihood of female representation in higher academic stations. This discrepancy in representation follows a linear trend over the different ranks. This discrepancy has not been previously documented. The military offers a unique opportunity to study the issue of gender imbalance in academic promotion practices given its otherwise equal treatment of males and females. Additional studies will be necessary to understand uniformed female surgeons' barriers to academic advancement.
Subject(s)
General Surgery/statistics & numerical data , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/standards , Military Medicine/trends , Sexism , General Surgery/classification , HumansABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Triage/history , Triage/methods , Emergency Medicine/classification , Emergency Medicine/history , Crimean War , United States , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/historyABSTRACT
Deployable medical systems(DEPMEDS) patient conditions (PCs) and Military Combat Injury Scale (MCIS) are 2 important military medical coding systems. However, both of them have defects when applied in military medical planning. Although each PC code contains information about treatment, intensity of care, treatment time, length of stay, and probability of disposition that is relevant to simulation, its description is too comprehensive and ambiguous to code historical military medical records. Therefore, conversion between PC and other medical coding systems applied in standard medical data is required when validity is required following simulation. The information linked to each PC code is based on subject matter expert opinion instead of standard medical data from the theater that need to be continuously updated depending on the results of medical data analysis. MCIS, a combat-related injury coding system, shows significant promise in coding real medical data, but it does not seek detailed information important for prediction and simulation unlike PCs. Therefore, MCIS cannot be used in planning tools directly. Thus, the effort to map MCIS to PCs is significant for medical logistic planning. We aim to identify whether conversion between PCs and MCIS is possible and to evaluate inter-coder reliability.Three senior coders assigned all possible MCIS codes to 187 combat-related PC codes. The data records were structured based on an earlier study. Inter-rater reliability was measured by using Cohen's k statistic and percent agreement.Low inter-rater reliability indicated the difficulty in conversion between PCs and MCIS.The injury descriptors of PCs should be expanded by referring to new standard medical data. The existing MCIS codes need to be modified to include more information on treatment brief, treatment time, length of stay, and other key information, and historical data statistics need to be developed.
Subject(s)
International Classification of Diseases , Military Medicine/classification , Warfare , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Humans , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The system of medical support in the territory of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan is based on four levels of medical treatment. Level 4 is organized outside the war theatre, in the territories of the countries that are a part of the stabilization forces of international organizations (NATO). Both the tasks and the structure of medical support are adjusted to fit the requirements of the U.S. Forces. The same tasks and structure are also recognized by medical services of other NATO countries participating in military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Each subsequent level of medical support is progressively more highly specialized and capable of providing more advanced medical treatment in comparison to the preceding level. Medical evacuation is executed either by air or overland depending on the type of illness or injury as well as the tactical situation prevailing in the combat zone. The aim of this paper is to present the planning, challenges, and problems of medical assistance in the contemporary battlefield.
Subject(s)
Afghan Campaign 2001- , Iraq War, 2003-2011 , Military Medicine/organization & administration , Humans , International Cooperation , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/standards , PolandABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intelligence/physiology , 51708/classification , 51708/methods , 51708/policies , 51835/classification , 51835/methods , 51835/analysis , Military Medicine/classification , Health Communication/methods , Health Communication/trends , Military Medicine/instrumentation , Military Medicine/methods , SpainABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Deployable medical systems patient conditions (PCs) designate groups of patients with similar medical conditions and, therefore, similar treatment requirements. PCs are used by the U.S. military to estimate field medical resources needed in combat operations. Information associated with each of the 389 PCs is based on subject matter expert opinion, instead of direct derivation from standard medical codes. Currently, no mechanisms exist to tie current or historical medical data to PCs. Our study objective was to determine whether reliable conversion between PC codes and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes is possible. METHODS: Data were analyzed for three professional coders assigning all applicable ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes to each PC code. Inter-rater reliability was measured by using Cohen's K statistic and percent agreement. Methods were developed to calculate kappa statistics when multiple responses could be selected from many possible categories. RESULTS: Overall, we found moderate support for the possibility of reliable conversion between PCs and ICD-9-CM diagnoses (mean kappa = 0.61). CONCLUSION: Current PCs should be modified into a system that is verifiable with real data.
Subject(s)
Forms and Records Control/methods , International Classification of Diseases , Medical Records/classification , Military Medicine/classification , Occupational Diseases/classification , Triage/classification , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Humans , Medical Record Administrators , Military Personnel , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , United States , WarfareABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Preventive Medicine/education , Preventive Medicine/methods , Medical Records/classification , Military Medicine/education , Military Medicine/methods , Immunotherapy, Active/methods , Immunotherapy, Active/psychology , Biographies as Topic , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Preventive Medicine/classification , Preventive Medicine/standards , Medical Records/standards , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/standards , Immunotherapy, Active/classification , Immunotherapy, Active , Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distributionABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Military Medicine/education , Military Medicine/methods , 51708/methods , Personnel Management/methods , Societies/policies , Spain , Internationality , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/standards , 51708/classification , Personnel Management/classification , Societies/methods , Spain/ethnology , Internationality/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Military Medicine/education , Military Medicine/methods , Internationality , Career Mobility , 51708/methods , 51708/policies , Hospital Administration/education , Hospital Administration/methods , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/standards , Internationality/legislation & jurisprudence , 51708/classification , 51708/economics , Hospital Administration/classification , Hospital Administration/economicsABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Military Medicine/education , Military Medicine/methods , Spain , 51708/methods , 51708/policies , Hospitals, Military/standards , Information Systems/classification , Information Systems/standards , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/standards , Spain/ethnology , 51708/classification , 51708/economics , Hospitals, Military , Information Systems/economics , Information SystemsABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Military Medicine/education , Military Medicine/methods , Information Systems/classification , Hospitals, Military/classification , Hospitals, Military/standards , Primary Health Care/classification , Primary Health Care/methods , Telemedicine/methods , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/standards , Information Systems/instrumentation , Hospitals, Military/economics , Hospitals, Military , Primary Health Care/standards , Primary Health Care , Telemedicine/standardsABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/education , Hospitals, Military/classification , 51708/policies , Veterinary Service, Military/organization & administration , Military Dentistry/education , Spain , Military Medicine/methods , Military Medicine/standards , Hospitals, Military , 51708/methods , Veterinary Service, Military/methods , Military Dentistry/methods , Spain/ethnologyABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Military Medicine/education , Military Medicine/methods , State Health Care Coverage/economics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Forensic Toxicology/education , Culture , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/standards , State Health Care Coverage/standards , Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Forensic Toxicology/methods , Sports/educationABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Military/classification , Hospitals, Military/standards , Health Policy, Planning and Management/standards , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/education , Medication Reconciliation/standards , Hospitals, Military/economics , Hospitals, Military , Health Policy, Planning and Management/economics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Military Medicine/methods , Military Medicine/standards , Medication ReconciliationABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Military/classification , Hospitals, Military/economics , Information Systems/standards , Military Medicine/education , 51708/policies , 34002 , Technology/education , Military Dentistry/education , Databases as Topic/instrumentation , Spain , Hospitals, Military/standards , Hospitals, Military , Information Systems/classification , Military Medicine/classification , 51708/classification , 51708/methods , Technology/economics , Military Dentistry/classification , Databases as Topic , Spain/ethnologyABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Marketing/education , Marketing/methods , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/education , Public Health/economics , Health Administration/education , Spain , Hospitals, Urban/economics , Marketing/classification , Marketing/standards , State Government , Military Medicine/methods , Military Medicine/standards , Public Health/methods , Health Administration/methods , Spain/ethnology , Hospitals, Urban/classificationABSTRACT
It is important to standardize the classification of medical units in United Nations (U.N.) peacekeeping operations to ensure that they meet operational requirements and to facilitate planning and administration. It further ensures interoperability between medical facilities from different countries. The U.N. Department of Peacekeeping Operations has adopted a four-level medical support organization, with the classification level of a unit largely determined by its treatment capability and capacity. Planning and allocation of medical resources depend largely on the peacekeeping mandate, the type of peacekeeping operation, existing medical infrastructure, geographical factors, and assessed medical threats. A summary of medical units currently deployed in U.N. peacekeeping missions is presented. This should promote understanding of the U.N. medical support concept and assist national military organizations in the planning for such operations.
Subject(s)
Health Planning/organization & administration , Military Medicine/classification , Military Medicine/organization & administration , Relief Work/organization & administration , United Nations/organization & administration , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Needs Assessment/organization & administration , WarfareABSTRACT
El tema de la salud boliviana de acuerdo a la necesidad de la población. La salud de las familias bolivianas es difundida y aplicada por las Fuerzas Armadas. El enfoque enmarca la alimentación de la madre y el niño, la salud Materno-Infantil esta constituye 6 mensajes para evitar la desnutrición del niño; además de ello enfoca el desarrollo infantil enmarcada en 8 mensajes básicos de salud. La vacuna es uno de las actividades preventivas enunciada en 4 mensajes. Otras enfermedades infecciosas para su prevención
