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Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 79(4): 224-230, abr. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044356

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Se describe la tasa de infección de sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) valorando la validez del sistema del índice National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) de estratificación del riesgo y la influencia de los diferentes factores en la aparición de una ISQ. Pacientes y método. Registro prospectivo durante 5 años de incidencia de ISQ según el índice y categoría del NNIS, estancias postoperatorias y gérmenes aislados. Se realizaron pruebas de la X2, de la t de Student y regresión logística múltiple. Resultados. El número de pacientes es de 6.218, y el de ISQ, de 513 (8,25%). La tasa de infecciones en cirugía limpia es del 2,27%, la de limpia-contaminada, del 9,17%, la de contaminada, del 11,40%, y la de sucia, del 19,14%. En pacientes con ASA I: 4,0%, ASA II: 8,23%, ASA III: 13,54%, ASA IV: 19,55% y ASA V: 33,33%; con un tiempo intervención percentil 75 del 23,01%. Con índice NNIS 0: 3,95%, NNIS 1: 8,17%, NNIS 2: 22,08% y NNIS 3: 37,23%. La duración de la intervención es el factor del índice NNIS que más influye en la tasa de infecciones (odds ratio [OR] = 3,43, frente a 2,60 del grado de contaminación y 2,20 del nivel ASA). La tasa de infecciones en la categoría de la cirugía hepatobiliopancreática es del 30,9%; la de intervenciones sobre el intestino delgado, del 24,3%; la de la cirugía colorrectal, del 16,1%; la de la cirugía gastroduodenal, del 15,4%; la de otras intervenciones en partes blandas, del 8,5%; la de laparotomías exploradoras, del 7,7%; la de apendicectomías por apendicitis, del 6,4%; la de colecistectomías, del 5,0%; la de otras intervenciones en el aparato digestivo, del 5,0%; la de la cirugía mamaria, del 3,3%; la de herniorrafias, del 1,5%, y la de intervenciones endocrinológicas, del 0,7%. Conclusiones. El índice NNIS es válido en nuestros pacientes para estratificar el riesgo de presentar una ISQ. El factor tiempo es el que tiene mayor peso en el riesgo de infección, y el nivel ASA, el menor. La categoría NNIS también discrimina diferentes grados de riesgo (AU)


Introduction. The aim of this study was to describe the rate of surgical site infections (SSI), classified according to the NNIS index and its components, as well as to evaluate this scale and assess the importance of several factors that influence the development of an SSI. Patients and method. All episodes of SSI were prospectivelly registered over a 5-year period. All patients (infected or not) were given an NNIS index and an NNIS category. Postoperative hospital stay and bacteria cultured from the surgical site were also analyzed. X2 test, Student's t-test and multiple logistic regression were used. Results. There were 6,218 patients and 513 SSI (8.25%). The infection rate was 2.27% for clean surgery, 9.17% for clean-contaminated surgery, 11.40% for contaminated surgery, and 19.14% for dirty surgery; 4% for ASA I, 8.23% for ASA II, 13.54% for ASA III, 19.55% for ASA IV, and 33.33% for ASA V; 6.97% for length of procedure =75th percentile, and 23.01% for >75th percentile; 3.95% for NNIS 0, 8.17% for NNIS 1, 22.08% for NNIS 2, and 37.23% for NNIS 3. Among the components of the NNIS index, the length of the surgical procedure had the greatest influence on the rate of SSI (OR = 3.43 versus OR = 2.60 for the grade of contamination and OR = 2.20 for ASA index). The infection rates according to the type of intervention were: 30.9% in hepatobiliopancreatic surgery, 24.3% in small bowel surgery, 16.1% in colorectal surgery, 15.4% in gastroduodenal surgery; 8.5% in other soft tissue interventions, 7.7% in exploratory laparotomies, 6.4% in appendicectomies for appendicitis, 5.0% in cholecystectomy, 5.0% in other interventions of the digestive tract, 3.3% in breast surgery, 1.5% in herniorrhaphies, and 0.7% in endocrine surgery. Conclusions. The NNIS index is a valid instrument for classifying surgical patients according to the risk of developing an SSI. Of the three components, the length of the intervention has the greatest influence on increasing the risk of infection. The NNIS categories also distinguish different levels of risk of infection (AU)


Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Operating Rooms/methods , Operating Rooms/organization & administration , Surgery Department, Hospital/trends , Surgery Department, Hospital , Prospective Studies , Surgery Department, Hospital/ethics , Surgery Department, Hospital , Surgery Department, Hospital/organization & administration , Minor Surgical Procedures/ethics , Minor Surgical Procedures/methods , Quality of Life
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