ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/analysis , Measles/prevention & control , Measles virus/pathogenicity , Rubella/prevention & control , Parotitis/prevention & control , Mumps virus/pathogenicity , Measles/epidemiology , Rubella/epidemiology , Rubella Vaccine/analysis , Parotitis/epidemiology , Mumps Vaccine/analysis , EfficacySubject(s)
Child , Humans , Rubella Vaccine/analysis , Mumps Vaccine/analysis , Measles Vaccine/analysisSubject(s)
Measles Vaccine/analysis , Mumps Vaccine/analysis , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis , Animals , Chick Embryo , Drug Contamination , Genome, Viral , Humans , Measles Vaccine/standards , Mumps Vaccine/standards , Retroviridae/enzymology , Retroviridae/genetics , Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms , Virulence , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
PCR techniques were applied for the detection of mycoplasma DNA and pestivirus RNA to 43 lots of live viral vaccines (measles, mumps, rubella, and oral poliomyelitis) produced by six manufacturers in Japan. Although mycoplasma DNA was not detected in any of the vaccines tested, pestivirus RNA was detected in 12 lots (28%). The incidence of contamination among the four viral vaccines was in the range of 20 to 37%, and the incidence among the six manufacturers varied from 0 to 56%.
Subject(s)
DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/analysis , Viral Vaccines/analysis , Animals , Cattle , Cells, Cultured , Culture Media , Drug Contamination , Fetal Blood/microbiology , Fetal Blood/virology , Humans , Japan , Measles Vaccine/analysis , Measles Vaccine/standards , Mumps Vaccine/analysis , Mumps Vaccine/standards , Mycoplasma/genetics , Pestivirus/genetics , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/analysis , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/standards , Rubella Vaccine/analysis , Rubella Vaccine/standards , Viral Vaccines/standardsSubject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Measles Vaccine , Measles , Mumps Vaccine , Rubella Vaccine , Vaccination , World Health Organization , Canada/epidemiology , Child , Costs and Cost Analysis , Drug Combinations , Health Education , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Measles/diagnosis , Measles/epidemiology , Measles/prevention & control , Measles/transmission , Measles Vaccine/analysis , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine , Mumps Vaccine/analysis , Rubella Vaccine/analysis , Vaccination/economicsABSTRACT
La parotiditis es una enfermedad infecciosa aguda causada por un virus que por lo general afecta a las glándulas parótidas y ocasionalmente a otros órganos y sistemas; clínicamente se le reconoce como una inflamación de las glándulas salivales. Es un padecimiento autolimitado y casi siempre de curso benigno que afecta primordialmente a los niños y adultos jóvenes. La primera vacuna antiparotiditis que se aplicó en humanos fue en 1950, con una preparación de virus inactivado con formol. Los primeros estudios con esa vacuna demostraron que tenía una tasa de protección del 80 por ciento, que se mantenía por tiempo corto y por lo tanto se requería de revacunaciones cada año, por lo que no se logró su aceptación. En 1967 se aceptó una nueva vacuna atenuada, producida a partir de un virus aislado de una paciente, que se atenuó a través de 27 pasos en embriones de pollo. Esta vacuna induce anticuerpos neutralizantes protectores en el 93 y 97 por ciento de adultos y niños vacunados, respectivamente. La persistencia de anticuerpos es de unos 20 años cuando se aplica sola, ya que también se produce combinada con las vacunas de sarampión y de la rubéola en cuyo caso los anticuerpos se producen en menor cuantía y con duración de 9.5 años
Subject(s)
Mumps Vaccine/administration & dosage , Mumps Vaccine/analysis , Mumps Vaccine/history , Mumps Vaccine/isolation & purification , Mumps Vaccine/pharmacology , Parotitis/complications , Parotitis/diagnosis , Parotitis/epidemiology , Parotitis/etiology , Parotitis/history , Parotitis/immunology , Parotitis/nursing , Parotitis/pathology , Parotitis/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Drug Contamination , Measles Vaccine/analysis , Mumps Vaccine/analysis , Serum Albumin, Bovine/analysis , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Cattle , Guinea Pigs , Immunization , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Measles Vaccine/immunology , Mumps Vaccine/immunology , Rabbits , Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunologyABSTRACT
In the potency assay of trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine by the immunocytochemical focus assay reported previously (Fukuda et al., 1987), development of rubella foci in RK13 cells was inhibited in the presence of a large excess of mumps component, resulting in an underestimation of the titre of the rubella component. When RK13 cells are infected with the mixture of mumps and rubella viruses, mumps virus interfered with the growth of rubella virus. Interference was mediated most likely by interferon induced by mumps virus. The interference was eliminated by a partial neutralization of mumps component by the addition of anti-mumps serum to the inoculum to RK13 cells. Improved method of potency assay of MMR vaccine incorporating the above measures and other modifications are described.
Subject(s)
Measles Vaccine/standards , Mumps Vaccine/standards , Rubella Vaccine/standards , Animals , Drug Combinations/analysis , Drug Combinations/standards , Immunohistochemistry , Interferons/biosynthesis , Measles Vaccine/analysis , Measles virus/growth & development , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine , Mumps Vaccine/analysis , Mumps virus/growth & development , Rubella Vaccine/analysis , Rubella virus/growth & development , Vero Cells , Viral Interference , Virology/methodsABSTRACT
Purified virions of the vaccine strain Leningrad-3 of mumps virus propagated in Japanese quail embryo cell cultures had a buoyant density 1.18-1.19 g/ml in sucrose gradient, contained 50 S RNA and showed variable sizes in electron microscopy as manifested by heterogeneity of the virus zone in sedimentation analysis. Purified L-3 virus contained 5 major polypeptides with molecular weights of 74,000, 68,000, 58,000, 45,000, and 39,000 daltons. Each polypeptide had an individual oligopeptide composition.