ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The worldwide fly species, Muscina stabulans (Diptera: Muscidae) is known as 'false stable fly'. It has veterinary, forensic and medical importance. The present study aimed to examine the toxicity of novaluron (chitin synthesis inhibitor) via its effect on the growth and reproductive potential of M. stabulans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The early last (3rd) instar larvae and prepupae have been treated with novaluron using five doses: 5.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.01 µg/larva. Student's t-test analysis has been used for data processing as well as refined by Bessel correction for significant differences among means. RESULTS: Current study revealed that, after the treatment different mortalities of larva, pupa and adult have been estimated. LD50 values of novaluron were 0.018 and 0.057 µg/insect, respectively. Furthermore, the larval period was insignificantly shortened while the pupal duration has been significantly extended and the developmental rate has been slightly enhanced. On the other hand, the adult longevity of females was considerably reduced and the adult emergence was considerably blocked, regardless the dose. However, only after the treatment, some deformed pupae were observed and some adult deformities were observed. Both fecundity and fertility were drastically reduced and sterilizing activity on novaluron increased in a dose-dependent course, regardless the time of treatment. CONCLUSION: Novaluron can be used as an effective IGR in the integrated control program for this medically and veterinary serious fly.
Subject(s)
Insect Control , Insecticides/pharmacology , Muscidae/drug effects , Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology , Animals , Female , Fertility/drug effects , Larva/drug effects , Larva/growth & development , Longevity/drug effects , Male , Metamorphosis, Biological/drug effects , Morphogenesis/drug effects , Muscidae/embryology , Reproduction/drug effects , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The ability of the Hermes transposable element to function as a germ line transformation vector was tested in the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. Plasmid-based transposable element mobility assays indicated moderate mobility of Hermes in this species. Germline transformants were created using a Hermes element containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the regulatory control of the promoter from Actin5C gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Approximately 4% of the fifty-five adults that developed from the 1903 G(0) embryos injected with the vector produced transgenic progeny. In the four transgenic lines established, the EGFP expression pattern was distinctly nonuniform and levels of expression were low. Promoters other than the one from the Actin5C gene of D. melanogaster should be considered for widespread, constitutive expression. All transgenic lines contained multiple (2-4) integrated Hermes elements. Hermes integration events occurred through a canonical cut-and-paste mechanism.
Subject(s)
Genetic Vectors , Muscidae/genetics , Transformation, Genetic , Animals , Animals, Genetically Modified , Blotting, Southern , DNA Transposable Elements , Female , Green Fluorescent Proteins , Luminescent Proteins/genetics , Male , Muscidae/embryology , Ovum , Plasmids , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
STKR is a 4118 bp clone from a stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, cDNA library which encodes a protein with significant amino acid identity to tachykinin-like peptide receptors. Ribonuclease protection assays and RT-PCR were utilized to examine the transcriptional expression of STKR from various life stages of the stable fly. STKR expression was detectable in all stages, but was most abundant in isolated adult fly gut and lowest in developing embryos.
