Alteraciones reversibles en los núcleos dentados y atrofia cerebral de rápida instauración debido a neurotoxicidad por litio / Reversible alterations in the dentate nuclei and rapid-onset cerebral atrophy due to neurotoxicity caused by lithium

Introducción. El tratamiento con litio puede ocasionar diversos efectos adversos neurológicos, incluso con niveles terapéuticos. Caso clínico. Mujer de 49 años, con trastorno bipolar y depresión, en tratamiento con litio, antidepresivos y antipsicóticos, que ingresó por un cuadro de alucinaciones visuales con una litemia elevada de 2,1 mEq/L (rango terapéutico: 0,6-1,2 mEq/L). Progresó a una encefalopatía grave que requirió asistencia respiratoria en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La resonancia magnética cerebral inicial mostró una hiperintensidad simétrica bilateral reversible en los núcleos dentados en las secuencias T2 y T2-FLAIR. A lo largo de los meses posteriores desarrolló de forma progresiva un síndrome pancerebeloso con evidencia de una marcada pérdida de volumen bilateral en el cerebelo, sobre todo a expensas del vermis, que se acompañó clínicamente de un síndrome cerebeloso permanente e invalidante. Conclusiones. Aunque el tratamiento con litio ocasiona efectos adversos neurológicos variados, éstos suelen ser reversibles. Puede dar lugar a secuelas permanentes e incapacitantes, como la paciente descrita, con una atrofia cerebelosa marcada y progresiva, acompañada de secuelas permanentes en forma de síndrome cerebeloso invalidante. La neurotoxicidad cerebelosa del litio debe considerarse en el amplio diagnóstico diferencial que representa la ataxia cerebelosa del adulto (AU)

Introduction. Treatment with lithium can cause several neurological side effects, even at therapeutic levels. Case report. We report the case of a 49-year-old woman, with bipolar disorder and depression, undergoing treatment with lithium, antidepressants and antipsychotics, who was admitted to hospital due to a clinical picture of visual hallucinations with an elevated lithaemia of 2.1 mEq/L (therapeutic range: 0.6-1.2 mEq/L). The patient developed a severe encephalopathy that required the use of assisted ventilation in the intensive care unit. Initial magnetic resonance imaging showed a reversible bilateral symmetrical hyperintensity in the dentate nuclei in T2 and T2-FLAIR sequences. Over the following months she gradually developed a pancerebellar syndrome with evidence of a marked loss of bilateral volume in the cerebellum, above all at the expense of the vermis, which was accompanied by a permanent and disabling cerebellar syndrome. Conclusions. Although treatment with lithium can cause a variety of neurological side effects, they are usually reversible. However, they occasionally give rise to permanent and disabling sequelae, as in the case of the patient reported here, with a marked and progressive cerebellar atrophy, accompanied by permanent sequelae in the form of a disabling cerebellar syndrome. The cerebellar neurotoxicity of lithium must be taken into account in the broad differential diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia in adults (AU)

Síndrome cerebeloso inducido por metronidazol: un efecto adverso infrecuente / Cerebellar syndrome induced by metronidazole: a rare side effect

No disponible

Late-onset tacrolimus-associated cerebellar atrophia in a heart transplant recipient.

Tacrolimus is a macrolide immunosuppressant frequently used after solid-organ transplantation. Moderate and severe neurologic side effects have been reported in patients receiving tacrolimus. Cerebral neurotoxicity is a rare but fatal calcineurin inhibitor-related complication, especially in kidney and liver transplant recipients. Often a reduction or a change in immunosuppressive regimen is the only means of clinical management. Herein we report a case of a 31-year-old man who developed cerebellar atrophia while under immunosuppressive therapy 9 years after heart transplantation. His neurologic constitution ameliorated after an immunosuppressant switch from tacrolimus to sirolimus.