Un estudio de prevalencia de error de refracción en niños entrecerrados (6-12 años) asistiendo al Hospital Dr. Aso-Eye Shahed / A study of Prevalence of Refractive Error in Squinted children (6-12 years) attending shahed Dr. Aso-Eye Hospital

Determinar la prevalencia del error de refracción (RE) como causa en los ojos en los niños en niños de esta edad (6-12 años) en la ciudad de Sulaimania. El estudio de tasa de prevalencia entre los pacientes que asisten al Shahed Dr. Aso Eye Hospital para el período del 1 de octubre de 2008 al 1 de junio de 2009. Un total de 116 niños (6-12 años) asisten al departamento de entrecerrares durante aproximadamente 8 meses. El estudio incluyó ambos sexos, eran niños de 55 años y niñas 61. Se sometieron a un examen ocular completo. Encontramos que (72) pacientes (62.02 %) tenían un error de refracción, incluyen: 33 pacientes (45.9 %) = hipermetropia (H); 22 pacientes (29.16%) = miopía [m]; 18 pacientes (24.3%) astigmatismo (AST.); 4 mixtos; 6 h-as. y 8 m-as. En conclusiones, la causa más frecuente del entrecerrar de la infancia a este ancho [6-12 años) es el error refractivo, mientras que las otras causas en su conjunto constituyen solo 1/3 de las causas, y el error de refracción más común es la hipermetropía

To determine the prevalence of refractive error (RE) as a cause in squinted in children in this aged (6-12 years) in Sulaimania city. The prevalence rate study among patient attending Shahed Dr. Aso eye hospital for the period from 1st October 2008 - 1st June 2009. A total of 116 children ( 6-12 years) attending squint department for about 8 months. The study included both sexes, were boys 55 and girls 61. Underwent full ocular examination. We found that (72) patients (62.02%) had refractive error, include: 33 patients (45.9 %) = Hypermetropia (H); 22 patients (29.16%) = Myopia [M]; 18 patients (24.3%) Astigmatism (Ast.); 4 mixed; 6 H-Ast. and 8 M-Ast. In conclusions, the most prevalent cause of childhood squint at this aged [6-12 years) is refractive error while the other causes as a whole constitute only 1/3 of the causes, and most common refractive error is hypermetropia

Ocular manifestations in classic homocystinuria.

BACKGROUND: Classic homocystinuria (HCU), or cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency, is a rare inborn error of methionine metabolism. Main clinical features may include skeletal and vascular manifestations, developmental delay, intellectual disability and eye disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational and retrospective study aiming at describing eye abnormalities presented by a cohort of late-diagnosed HCU patients. Data regarding ophthalmological evaluation included visual acuity, refraction, biomicroscopy, Perkins tonometry, fundus examination, retinography, biometry, ocular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, anterior segment photography and topography. RESULTS: Ten patients with HCU (20 eyes) were included. The most frequent findings were ectopia lentis(n = 20) and myopia (n = 9). Biometry, ultrasound, OCT and topography findings were available for four patients. One patient had keratoconus; one had abnormal retinal pigmentation; and two had lens surgery scars with irregular astigmatism. CONCLUSIONS: Eye abnormalities are very frequent in late-diagnosed HCU patients. The presence of ectopia lentis should always raise the diagnostic hypothesis of HCU.

LOXL3 Function Beyond Amino Oxidase and Role in Pathologies, Including Cancer.

Lysyl oxidase like 3 (LOXL3) is a copper-dependent amine oxidase responsible for the crosslinking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix. LOXL3 belongs to a family including other members: LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, and LOXL4. Autosomal recessive mutations are rare and described in patients with Stickler syndrome, early-onset myopia and non-syndromic cleft palate. Along with an essential function in embryonic development, multiple biological functions have been attributed to LOXL3 in various pathologies related to amino oxidase activity. Additionally, various novel roles have been described for LOXL3, such as the oxidation of fibronectin in myotendinous junction formation, and of deacetylation and deacetylimination activities of STAT3 to control of inflammatory response. In tumors, three distinct roles were described: (1) LOXL3 interacts with SNAIL and contributes to proliferation and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells; (2) LOXL3 is localized predominantly in the nucleus associated with invasion and poor gastric cancer prognosis; (3) LOXL3 interacts with proteins involved in DNA stability and mitosis completion, contributing to melanoma progression and sustained proliferation. Here we review the structure, function and activity of LOXL3 in normal and pathological conditions and discuss the potential of LOXL3 as a therapeutic target in various diseases.

Choroidal thickness variation in highly myopic eyes during the water drinking test.

PURPOSE: To evaluate variations in choroidal thickness (CT) during the water drinking test (WDT) in emmetropic eyes (EE) and highly myopic eyes (ME) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: Clinical trial performed at a tertiary care hospital comprising 30 randomly selected eyes. The WDT and SD-OCT macular scans were performed 10 and 45 min after water ingestion in 15 myopic and 15 EE of 15 healthy patients in each group. Primary study outcomes were average macular CT measured by SD-OCT and intraocular pressure (IOP) during the WDT. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.15 ± 0.24 D in emmetropic and -7.1 ± 1.75 D in ME (p<0.001). No statistical differences between EE and ME were observed during the WDT response. EE had higher CT compared with ME at the fovea (361.4 ± 55.4 vs 257.9 ± 95.3; p<0.001), 3 mm nasal to the fovea (158.0 ± 71.8 vs 122.5 ± 54.5; p =0.047), and 3 mm temporally to the fovea (310.6 ± 52.4 vs 247.6 ± 90.1; p=0.05). Regarding CT variation, significant differences in foveal CT at 10 min after water ingestion were observed in both EE and ME, with no statistically significant difference observed between groups. A moderate correlation between IOP peak during the WDT and CT was demonstrated in ME (r=0.52; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant differences in CT variation during the WDT were observed between EE and ME, indicating similar behavior of the choroidal bed during the WDT in both groups. Further, CT was thinner in highly ME, with CT variation unable to explain elevations in IOP observed during the WDT.

Choroidal thickness variation in highly myopic eyes during the water drinking test / Variação da espessura de coroide em olhos alto míopes durante o teste de sobrecarga hídrica

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate variations in choroidal thickness (CT) during the water drinking test (WDT) in emmetropic eyes (EE) and highly myopic eyes (ME) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Clinical trial performed at a tertiary care hospital comprising 30 randomly selected eyes. The WDT and SD-OCT macular scans were performed 10 and 45 min after water ingestion in 15 myopic and 15 EE of 15 healthy patients in each group. Primary study outcomes were average macular CT measured by SD-OCT and intraocular pressure (IOP) during the WDT. Results: The mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.15 ± 0.24 D in emmetropic and -7.1 ± 1.75 D in ME (p<0.001). No statistical differences between EE and ME were observed during the WDT response. EE had higher CT compared with ME at the fovea (361.4 ± 55.4 vs 257.9 ± 95.3; p<0.001), 3 mm nasal to the fovea (158.0 ± 71.8 vs 122.5 ± 54.5; p =0.047), and 3 mm temporally to the fovea (310.6 ± 52.4 vs 247.6 ± 90.1; p=0.05). Regarding CT variation, significant differences in foveal CT at 10 min after water ingestion were observed in both EE and ME, with no statistically significant difference observed between groups. A moderate correlation between IOP peak during the WDT and CT was demonstrated in ME (r=0.52; p=0.04). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences in CT variation during the WDT were observed between EE and ME, indicating similar behavior of the choroidal bed during the WDT in both groups. Further, CT was thinner in highly ME, with CT variation unable to explain elevations in IOP observed during the WDT.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a espessura de coroide (EC) e sua variação durante o teste de sobrecarga hídrica (TSH) em olhos emétropes (EE) e míopes (ME) utilizando a tomografia de coerência óptica Spectral-Domain (SD-OCT). Métodos: Ensaio clinico realizado em um hospital terciário. 30 olhos selecionados randomizadamente, 15 míopes e 15 emétropes de 15 pacientes em cada grupo foram submetidos ao TSH e scans maculares com SD-OCT realizados 10 e 45 minutos após a ingestão de água. Os principais resultados avaliados foram média da EC na região macular pelo SD-OCT e pressão intraocular (PIO) durante o TSH. Resultados: O equivalente esférico médio foi de 0.15 ± 0.24 dioptrias em emétropes e -7,1 ± 1,75 dioptrias nos olhos míopes (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas durante a resposta ao TSH entre EE e ME. EE apresentaram maior EC em comparação com ME, tanto na região foveal (361,4 ± 55,4 vs 257,9 ± 95,3; p<0,001), 3 milímetros nasal à fóvea (158,0 ± 71,8 vs 122,5 ± 54,5; p=0,047) e 3 mm temporal à fóvea (310,6± 52.4 vs 247,6 ± 90,1; p=0,05). Em relação à variação da EC, diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram demonstrados na região foveal, 10 minutos após a ingestão de água em ambos EE e ME, sem diferenças entre os grupos. Moderada correlação entre pico de PIO durante o TSH e EC foi demonstrada em ME ( r=0,52; p=0,04). Conclusão: A diferença na variação da EC provocada pelo TSH não foi estatisticamente diferente entre olhos emétropes e míopes, o que sugere um comportamento semelhante da coroide nestes dois grupos quando submetidos ao TSH. Além disso, a EC é mais fina nos olhos alto míopes, e a variação na EC não explica o aumento da PIO durante o TSH.

Early Anesthesia Exposure and the Effect on Visual Acuity, Refractive Error, and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness of Young Adults.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether being anesthesia administered at least once in early life influenced 3 main proxies of visual function: visual acuity, refractive error, and optic nerve health in young adulthood. STUDY DESIGN: At age 20 years, participants of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study had comprehensive ocular examinations including visual acuity, postcycloplegic refraction, and multiple scans of the optic disc. We identified individuals who had at least 1 procedure requiring anesthesia during the first 3 years of life (between 1990 and 1994) and compared their visual outcomes with nonexposed individuals. We excluded 40 participants with strabismus or other ophthalmic disease or surgery and 136 with non-European background. RESULTS: Of 834 participants, 15.2% (n = 127) were exposed to anesthesia at least once before age 3 years. In both exposed and nonexposed groups, median visual acuity (measured using the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [LogMAR] chart) was -0.06 LogMAR in the right eye and -0.08 LogMAR in the left eye (P > .05). Median spherical equivalent refractive error was +0.44 diopters (IQR -0.25, +0.63) and +0.31 diopters (IQR -0.38, +0.63) in the exposed and nonexposed group, respectively (P = .126). No difference was detected in mean global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the 2 groups (100.7 vs 100.1 µm, P = .830). CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to demonstrate an association of exposure to anesthesia as a child with reduced visual acuity or increased myopia or thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer. These findings support the view that anesthesia is unlikely to impair visual development, but further work is needed to establish whether more subtle defects are present and repeated exposures have any effects.

Patologías frecuentes que presentan los trabajadores de la fábrica de cemento COBOCE Irpa Irpa con relación a las condiciones de trabajo, primer trimestre del año 2011 / Frequent pathologies workers have cement Irpa Irpa Coboce regarding working conditions, first quarter of 2011

La salud de los trabajadores es un derecho universal, como también lo es para el desarrollo económico. Tanto a nivel global como regional, las enfermedades laborales han ido en aumento, el riesgo de contraerlas es el peligro más frecuente que enfrentan los trabajadores en su fuente de trabajo.Un problema muy importante es la ausencia de datos reales y exactos sobre las enfermedades laborales relacionadas al trabajo. Es necesario que las empresas velen por la salud de los trabajadores, brindándoles condiciones adecuadas de trabajo. El presente trabajo busca identificar las enfermedades más frecuentes de los trabajadores de la fábrica de cemento COBOCE Irpa Irpa, la muestra fue representada por 120 trabajadores, a los cuales se les aplicó una entrevista. Los resultados del estudio reflejan que las patologías más frecuentes son: estrés, miopía y astigmatismo, lumbago, depresión, resfríos frecuentes y en porcentajes menores, hipoacusia y dermatitis entre otras, éstas están precedidas por sintomatología como ser: irritación de los ojos, disminución de la agudeza visual y auditiva, dolor de espalda, dificultad para respirar, tos e irritación en la piel

Estudio del entotelio corneal en la corrección de alta miopía con lente intraocular fáquica Artisan / Study of the corneal endothelium in high myopia correction with Artisan phakic intraocular lens

Identificar los efectos sobre el endotelio corneal al implantar lentes intraoculares fáquicas Artisan en la corrección de la alta miopía en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período de enero de 2006 a julio de 2007. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 17 ojos, a los cuales se les implantó lente intraocular fáquica Artisan para la corrección de la alta miopía. La pérdida celular endotelial fue de 4,6 por ciento y no hubo variaciones significativas en el coeficiente de variación y la hexagonalidad. La pérdida celular endotelial fue baja al año de la cirugía. El coeficiente de variación y la hexagonalidad no mostraron cambios significativos(AU)

To identify the effects on the corneal endothelium of Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for the high myopia correction at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2006 to July 2007. A prospective descriptive study was performed on 17 eyes which underwent Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for high myopia correction. Endotelial cell loss was 4,6 percent and no significant variations were found in variation coefficient and hexagonality. Endotelial cell loss was low after one year of surgery. The variation coefficient and hexagonality did not show any significant changes(AU)

Estudio del entotelio corneal en la corrección de alta miopía con lente intraocular fáquica Artisan / Study of the corneal endothelium in high myopia correction with Artisan phakic intraocular lens

Identificar los efectos sobre el endotelio corneal al implantar lentes intraoculares fáquicas Artisan en la corrección de la alta miopía en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período de enero de 2006 a julio de 2007. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 17 ojos, a los cuales se les implantó lente intraocular fáquica Artisan para la corrección de la alta miopía. La pérdida celular endotelial fue de 4,6 por ciento y no hubo variaciones significativas en el coeficiente de variación y la hexagonalidad. La pérdida celular endotelial fue baja al año de la cirugía. El coeficiente de variación y la hexagonalidad no mostraron cambios significativos.

To identify the effects on the corneal endothelium of Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for the high myopia correction at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2006 to July 2007. A prospective descriptive study was performed on 17 eyes which underwent Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for high myopia correction. Endotelial cell loss was 4,6 percent and no significant variations were found in variation coefficient and hexagonality. Endotelial cell loss was low after one year of surgery. The variation coefficient and hexagonality did not show any significant changes.

[Anterior ocular segment study with the Scheimpflug rotational camera in refractive surgery candidates]. / Estudo do segmento anterior com a câmera rotatória de Scheimpflug em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia refrativa.

PURPOSE: To analyze the anterior segment of refractive surgery candidates and establish the variability pattern in this population regarding corneal volume, anterior chamber volume and depth and corneal thickness, using the noncontact three dimensional analyzer Pentacam. METHODS: A retrospective study of 297 eyes of 149 patients was conducted using Pentacam. According to the spherical equivalent value two groups were created, myopia (n=242 eyes) and hyperopia (n=55 eyes), to analyze the variables of corneal volume, anterior chamber volume and depth and corneal thickness. RESULTS: The mean values of the myopia group were: corneal total volume 59.37 +/- 3.51 mm(3), corneal volume at 3 mm 3.87 +/- 0.23 mm(3), at 5 mm 11.31 +/- 0.67 mm(3), and at 7 mm 24.30 +/- 1.43 mm(3), anterior chamber volume 198.74 +/- 32.40 mm(3), anterior chamber depth 3.19 +/- 0.28 mm and corneal thickness 533.33 +/- 33.47 mm. In the hyperopia group, the mean total corneal volume was 60.77 +/- 3.31 mm(3), corneal volume at 3 mm from the apex was 4.01 +/- 0.20 mm(3), at 5 mm was 11.73 +/- 0.58 mm(3), and at 7 mm was 25.09 +/- 1.21 mm(3), the anterior chamber volume was 146.61 +/- 32.86 mm(3), the anterior chamber depth was 2.76 +/- 0.38 mm and the corneal thickness was 550.52 +/- 29.49 mm. The difference between the groups was significant for all variables (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We observed in this study that patients with myopia had lesser mean corneal volume and pachymetry, and greater anterior chamber depth and volume compared with hyperopic patients.

Estudo do segmento anterior com a câmera rotatória de Scheimpflug em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia refrativa / Anterior ocular segment study with the Scheimpflug rotational camera in refractive surgery candidates

OBJETIVO: Analisar o segmento anterior com aparelho de câmera rotatória de Scheimpflug (Pentacam®) em candidatos à cirurgia refrativa, estabelecendo o padrão de variabilidade do volume corneano, do volume e da profundidade da câmara anterior e da paquimetria óptica nesta população. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 297 olhos (149 pacientes) que foram examinados com Pentacam®. Os pacientes foram divididos conforme o equivalente esférico em míopes (n=242 olhos) e hipermétropes (n=55 olhos) para analisar o volume corneano, o volume e a profundidade da câmara anterior e a paquimetria óptica. RESULTADOS: No grupo dos míopes, a média do volume corneano total foi de 59,37 ± 3,51 mm³; do volume nos 3 mm de 3,87 ± 0,23 mm³, nos 5 mm de 11,31 ± 0,67 mm³, e nos 7mm de 24,30 ± 1,43 mm³; do volume da câmara anterior 198,74 ± 32,40 mm³; da profundidade da câmara anterior 3,19 ± 0,28 mm e da paquimetria óptica 533,33 ± 33,47 mm. No grupo dos hipermétropes, a média do volume corneano total foi de 60,77 ± 3,31 mm³, do volume nos 3 mm de 4,01 ± 0,20 mm³, nos 5 mm de 11,73 ± 0,58 mm³, e nos 7 mm de 25,09 ± 1,21 mm³; do volume da câmara anterior 146,61 ± 32,86 mm³; da profundidade da câmara anterior 2,76 ± 0,38 mm e da paquimetria de 550,52 ± 29,49 mm. A diferença entre os grupos foi significativa para todas as variáveis (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos nesta amostra, por meio da análise pelo Pentacam®, que os olhos míopes apresentaram menor média de volume corneano e paquimetria óptica, e maior profundidade e volume de câmara anterior em relação aos hipermétropes.

PURPOSE: To analyze the anterior segment of refractive surgery candidates and establish the variability pattern in this population regarding corneal volume, anterior chamber volume and depth and corneal thickness, using the noncontact three dimensional analyzer Pentacam®. METHODS: A retrospective study of 297 eyes of 149 patients was conducted using Pentacam®. According to the spherical equivalent value two groups were created, myopia (n=242 eyes) and hyperopia (n=55 eyes), to analyze the variables of corneal volume, anterior chamber volume and depth and corneal thickness. RESULTS: The mean values of the myopia group were: corneal total volume 59.37 ± 3.51mm³, corneal volume at 3 mm 3.87 ± 0.23 mm³, at 5 mm 11.31 ± 0.67 mm³, and at 7 mm 24.30 ± 1.43 mm³, anterior chamber volume 198.74 ± 32.40 mm³, anterior chamber depth 3.19 ± 0.28 mm and corneal thickness 533.33 ± 33.47 mm. In the hyperopia group, the mean total corneal volume was 60.77 ± 3.31 mm³, corneal volume at 3 mm from the apex was 4.01 ± 0.20 mm³, at 5 mm was 11.73 ± 0.58 mm³, and at 7 mm was 25.09 ± 1.21 mm³, the anterior chamber volume was 146.61 ± 32.86 mm³, the anterior chamber depth was 2.76 ± 0.38 mm and the corneal thickness was 550.52 ± 29.49 mm. The difference between the groups was significant for all variables (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We observed in this study that patients with myopia had lesser mean corneal volume and pachymetry, and greater anterior chamber depth and volume compared with hyperopic patients.

Precision of higher order aberration repeatability with NIDEK OPD-scan retinoscopic aberrometry.

PURPOSE: To evaluate repeatability of the total high order aberrations with a retinoscopic wavefront sensor. METHODS: This prospective case series analyzed 12 eyes from 6 patients who underwent wavefront measurement using retinoscopic aberrometry with the NIDEK Optical Path Difference Scan (OPD-Scan). Four consecutive wavefront measurements of each eye were taken by two trained examiners for 5.8+/-0.8-mm and 8.2+/-0.6-mm pupils (P=.002, Wilcoxon test). Total high order aberrations out to the eighth order were assessed including third order coma, third order trefoil, fourth order quadrafoil, fourth order secondary astigmatism, and fourth order spherical aberrations. Differences between measurements of all of the variables were analyzed. A P value <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Repeatability analysis of the root-mean-square of total higher order aberrations, coma, trefoil, quadrafoil, secondary astigmatism, and spherical aberrations for both dilated and nondilated pupils did not show a statistically significant difference among all repeated measurements, except for trefoil and secondary astigmatism (analysis of variance and the Friedman test). The repeatability of total higher order aberrations was 0.15 microm for nondilated pupils and 0.18 microm for dilated pupils. Except for trefoil measurements, all high order aberrations showed reproducibility >0.15 microm when Zernike coefficients were analyzed individually. CONCLUSIONS: The NIDEK OPD-Scan aberrometer measures total higher order astigmatism and most individual aberrations with acceptable repeatability. However, measurement of trefoil with this instrument is less repeatable.

Permalens hydrogel intracorneal lenses for spherical ametropia.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy, stability, and safety of Permalens hydrogel intracorneal lenses for the correction of spherical ametropia 6 years after implantation. METHODS: Implantation of intracorneal hydrogel lenses was performed by the same surgeon (JIBM) in five aphakic and five high myopic eyes. The lens closet to corneal vertex refraction was used. Refractive outcomes, keratometry, keratography, endothelial cell count, and corneal topography were studied. RESULTS: Corneal tolerance to the hydrogel implants was maintained throughout for 6 years with no alteration in endothelial cell count. All myopic eyes showed regression of achieved correction. The aphakic eyes showed no statistically significant difference between the results at 1 month and those obtained at 1 and 6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Hyrdogel intracorneal lenses are well tolerated and the refractive results are stable in aphakic patients. They may be considered when intraocular lenses cannot be placed in aphakic patients, but are not now in clinical use.

Prevalência de miopia em portadores de cicatrizes de retinocoroidite toxoplásmica congênita macular bilateral / Prevalence of myopia in bearers congenital toxoplasmic rtinochoroiditis scars macular bilateral

Com objetivo de analisar a existência de alteraçöes refracionais em portadores de cicatrizes de retinocoroidite toxoplásmica congênita macular bilateral e verificar se há maior prevalência de miopia nessa populaçäo, foram avaliados 96 pacientes entre 4 e 14 anos de idade (43 portadores) de cicatrizes de retinocoroidite macular e 53 pacientes pertencentes ao grupo controle, sem outras afecçöes oculares), na Seçäo de Visäo Subnormal e Ambulatório de Oftalmologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Säo Paulo, entre 1991 e 1992. Foi considerada a refraçäo estática objetiva, em equivalente-esférico. Miopia foi o erro refracional prevalente nos portadores de cicatrizes de retinocoroidite (81,4 por cento). No grupo controle a ocorrência de miopia foi de 20,7 por cento

Relación entre Maculopatía y Catarata en pacientes miopes elevados / Relation between maculopathy and cataract in high myopic patients

Se llevó a cabo una investigación de tipo clínico-epidemiológica para estudiar la relación existente entre maculopatía y catarata en pacientes con miopía elevada. Se elaboraron estadísticamente dos muestras para comparar los resultados: una constituida por pacientes miopes elevados y la otra por emétropes e hipermétropes. Se encontró que la maculopatía está presente en al menos la mitad de los miopes, que es directamente proporcional a la entidad de esta última y que hay un elevado grado de asociación entre los dos ojos por lo que respecta la presencia o ausencia de anomalías. Finalmente se puede decir que hay una relación tendencial entre maculopatía y gravedad de la catarata en pacientes miopes

Lacquer Crack e Hemorragia subretiniana em míopes; um bom prognóstico visual / Lacquer Crack and subretinal hemorrhagy in nyopes; a good visual prognosis

Os autores descrevem a história natural de 3 pacientes míopes que apresentam episódios de hemorragia sub-retiniana macular associada a lacquer crack. Em nenhum deles se evidenciou a presença de neovascularizaçäo sub-retiniana. Chamam a atençäo para a begnidade da lesäo, bem como discutem esta alteraçäo patológica

Complications of clear lens extraction in axial myopia.

Clear lens extraction is a refractive surgery used to compensate axial myopia. Formerly, intracapsular lens extraction was performed, but the present surgical method is extracapsular lens extraction or phacoemulsification. Clear lens extraction is becoming controversial because of the danger of complications. We retrospectively reviewed the postoperative complications in 33 eyes of 20 patients who underwent clear lens extraction at other institutions between 1966 and 1984. Twelve patients (60%) had motility disturbances. Eight (24%) of 33 eyes suffered secondary glaucoma; ten (30%), retinal detachment; 12 (36%), lens remnants in the pupillary space; and six (18%), blindness caused by clear lens extraction or by additional surgery performed by us while attempting to improve a poor prognosis. Clear lens extraction appears to be contraindicated in the young, in those with axial diameters greater than 29 mm, and in those presenting with peripheral chorioretinal degeneration. Moreover, clear lens extraction does not avoid the progression of myopia at the posterior segment. We suggest the use of safer, noninvasive, reversible alternatives.