ABSTRACT
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a program for the re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, third in the series, considers NFCs composed primarily of constituents with the 3-phenyl-2-propenyl or a cinnamyl functional group, using the procedure outlined in 2005 and updated in 2018 to evaluate the safety of naturally-occurring mixtures for their intended use as flavor ingredients. The procedure relies on a complete chemical characterization of the NFC intended for commerce and organization of each NFC's chemical constituents into well-defined congeneric groups. The safety of the NFC is evaluated using the well-established and conservative threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept in addition to data on absorption, metabolism and toxicology of members of the congeneric groups and the NFC under evaluation. Six NFCs from the Myroxylon and Cinnamomum genera, Balsam Oil, Peru (FEMA 2117), Tolu Balsam Extract (FEMA 3069), Cassia Bark Extract (FEMA 2257), Cassia Bark Oil (FEMA 2258), Cinnamon Bark Extract (FEMA 2290) and Cinnamon Bark Oil (FEMA 2291) were evaluated and affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients.
Subject(s)
Cinnamomum/chemistry , Flavoring Agents/toxicity , Myroxylon/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/toxicity , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Animals , Cell Line , Consumer Product Safety , Flavoring Agents/chemistry , Humans , No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
This study evaluated the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effect of 7-hydroxy-4',6-dimethoxy-isoflavone and essential oil of Myroxylon peruiferum. The compound was isolated and its structure elucidated by NMR. The chemical composition of essential oil determined by GC-MS analysis. To evaluation of antimicrobial activity, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were performed. In addition to analysis of antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging tests, iron chelating assay (FIC), antioxidant reducing power assay (FRAP) and ß-carotene bleaching assay (BCB) were performed. For the essential oil were identified 24 organized compounds having as main constituents; Germacrene D (17.2%), α-pinene (14.8%) and E-caryophyllene (10.8%). The results showed that isoflavone (2000 to 156 µg/mL) and essential oil (5.0 to 1.25%) present antibacterial and antifungal activity against Gram-positive bacteria and filamentous fungi. The isoflavone and the essential oil also presented antioxidant activity in all the tests, mainly on inhibition of the oxidation of ß-carotene test concentrations ranging from 60 to 100%. In conclusion, isoflavone and essential oil from M. peruiferum present an antimicrobial alternative against Gram-positive bacteria, especially of the genus Staphylococcus and dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton, as well as a natural compound antioxidant.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Myroxylon/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Antioxidants/analysis , Bacteria/drug effects , Fungi/drug effects , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Iron Chelating Agents , Isoflavones/analysis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Because of their widespread use, fragrances are among the most common causes of contact allergic dermatitis, second only to nickel. During a five-year period 3,065 patients with contact dermatitis were patch tested using a specific mix of fragrances. 509 (16.6%) patients were allergic to the fragrance mix, while 258 (8.4%) patients exhibited an allergic reaction to Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru). Between those 509 patients, 157 were patch tested with eight individual substances contained in the fragrance mix: cinnamal, cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, alpha-amyl cinnamal and Evernia prunastri (oak moss). The most frequent allergens were isoeugenol 57.9% (91/157), eugenol 55.4% (87/157), cinnamyl alcohol 34.4% (54/157) and Evernia prunastri (oak moss) 24.2% (38/157). There were 62 patients (39.5%) who exhibited an allergic reaction to both the fragrance mix and Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru). The results prove the importance of avoiding allergens in daily life, especially in industrial and cosmetic products. In order to prevent ACD, better cooperation between industry and dermatologists is needed.
Subject(s)
Balsams/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Myroxylon/chemistry , Perfume/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Balsams/chemistry , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Perfume/chemistry , Retrospective Studies , Skin TestsABSTRACT
We describe the case of a 42-years-old non-atopic man who developed a severe eczematous reaction in the genital area some hours after the use of a condom (Settebello-Hatù Durex) containing a retarding cream. Patch test revealed a strong allergic reaction to the retarding cream and to benzocaine and paraben mix contained in the cream itself. Condoms with retarding cream should be avoided in man sensitized to local anestethetics.
