Circulating levels of PIN1 and glucose metabolism in young people with obesity.

PURPOSE: Impaired activity of the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) isomerase might contribute to link disturbed glucose metabolism and risk of glucose related neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. The isomerase modulates also pathways of peripheral insulin sensitivity and secretion. We aimed at investigating the levels of circulating PIN1 in adolescents with obesity and any association with their glucose metabolism. METHODS: We enrolled 145 adolescents (age 12-17.8 years); 67 lean controls (46.2%) and 78 (53.8%) with overweight or obesity (males n = 62, 46%). We estimated glucose and insulin in fasting condition and after a standard oral glucose tolerance test; fasting serum levels of PIN1, amyloid ß-protein 42 (Aß42), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and Non Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA). We calculated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the ß cell function (HOMA-ß) and the Adipo-IR. RESULTS: There was no difference in PIN1 serum levels between normal weight individuals and patients with obesity. However, there was an inverse correlation between serum fasting PIN1 and glucose (r - 0.183 and p = 0.027). We confirmed levels of Aß42 and PSEN1 were higher in teens with obesity than in lean controls and their correlation with the body mass index (Aß42: r = 0.302, p = 0.0001, PSEN1 r = 0.231, p = 0.005) and the HOMA-IR (Aß42: r = 0.219, p = 0.009, r = 0.170, p < 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant rise of circulating PIN1 levels in young individuals with obesity. Increased levels reported in the literature in adult patients are likely to occur late in the natural history of the disease with the onset of an overt impairment of glucose homeostasis.

Special Communication of a Case of Hypovolemic-Associated EAH: Lessons Learned During Recovery.

Severe exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is largely dilutional, whereas contributions of sodium loss remain equivocal. We present a case of EAH with encephalopathy involving an experienced male cyclist with no recollection of the event. We thereby conducted a retrospective analysis of biochemical trajectories during hospital recovery. The normalization of serum [Na], in context with changes in other variables, offered a 'reverse' perspective of the underlying pathophysiology. The following biochemical changes were temporally observed, with the return of normonatremia: 1) a decrease in serum potassium and calcium concentrations (absence of extracellular fluid dilution); 2) a decrease in total protein, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit and hemoglobin (plasma volume expansion); and 3) an increase in mean platelet and red cell corpuscular volumes (cellular expansion after total body water and sodium deficits). Collectively, these temporal changes provide biochemical evidence suggesting that this patient's severe symptomatic EAH was associated with volume depletion from underreplaced sodium losses.

Investigation of gene expression and serum levels of PIN1 and eNOS with high blood pressure in patients with Alzheimer disease.

According to evidence, Alzheimer's disease is known as one of the most serious neurodegenerative diseases, for which hypertension has been observed to be a key risk factor. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between the PIN1 and eNOS genes expression, as well as serum levels and hypertension in Alzheimer's disease sufferers. Blood samples were obtained from subjects who were divided into four groups: the control group, normotensive Alzheimer's patients, the Alzheimer's sufferers group with hypertension, and the healthy group with only hypertension, considering the inhibition of confounding factors. Thereafter, eNOS and PIN1 genes expression along with serum levels were studied. Based on the obtained results, a statistically significant correlation didn't exist between serum level of PIN1 and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, between serum level of eNOS and diastolic blood pressure in the norm tension Alzheimer's disease patients, between serum levels of PIN1, eNOS and systolic blood pressure, and between serum eNOS and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the patients with hypertension (p<0.05). According to the results obtained from this study, measuring the serum levels of eNOS and Pin1 may contribute to the prognosis, prevention, and monitoring of hypertension and also to the reduction of death rates from cardiovascular diseases in Alzheimer's disease.