ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The clinical application of allogenic and/or xenogenic cartilage for vocal fold augmentation requires to remove the antigenic cellular component. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of cartilage decellularization and determine the change in immunogenicity after detergent treatment in human nasal septal cartilage flakes made by the freezing and grinding method. METHODS: Human nasal septal cartilages were obtained from surgical cases. The harvested cartilages were treated by the freezing and grinding technique. The obtained cartilage flakes were treated with 1% Triton X-100 or 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for decellularization of the cartilage flakes. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain), surface electric microscopy, immunohistochemical stain for major histocompatibility complex I and II, and ELISA for DNA contents were performed to assess the effect of cartilage decellularization after detergent treatment. RESULTS: A total of 10 nasal septal cartilages were obtained from surgical cases. After detergent treatment, the average size of the cartilage flakes was significantly decreased. With H&E staining, the cell nuclei of decellularized cartilage flakes were not observed. The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and II antigens was not identified in the decellularized cartilage flakes after treatment with detergent. DNA content was removed almost entirely from the decellularized cartilage flakes. CONCLUSION: Treatment with 2% SDS or 1% Triton X-100 for 1 hour appears to be a promising method for decellularization of human nasal septal cartilage for vocal fold augmentation.
Subject(s)
Detergents/pharmacology , Nasal Cartilages/drug effects , Nasal Septum/drug effects , Octoxynol/pharmacology , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/pharmacology , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Vocal Cords/surgery , DNA/analysis , Freezing , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis , Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/analysis , Humans , Nasal Cartilages/immunology , Nasal Cartilages/transplantation , Nasal Cartilages/ultrastructure , Nasal Septum/immunology , Nasal Septum/transplantation , Nasal Septum/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by early onset of severe bacterial infection and persistent severe neutropenia. We describe an SCN patient with a history of recurrent infections. The clinical course was complicated by necrosis of the nasal cartilage due to mucormycosis. Molecular studies revealed a homozygous germline HAX1 mutation. Fungal infections may lead to serious complications in immunodeficient patients. Recurrent and severe infections should alert physicians to possible immunodeficiency disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are the most important keys to preventing irreversible organ damage.
