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1.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(3): 291-296, mayo-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-174133

ABSTRACT

Objective: This is the first time that the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-disaster stress (CBT-PD) in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been tested outside the United States of America. Design: Quasi-experiment with three groups. In the quasi-control group, complete CBT-PD was applied even though its members did not have PTSD; in quasi-experimental conditions, participants received complete treatment because they had this diagnosis; and in the third group, participants with PTSD received an abbreviated treatment (double sessions) due to organisational requirements. Location: Primary health care workers in Constitución (Chile), city exposed to earthquake and tsunami; public department workers in Talca (city exposed only to earthquake) and teachers from a school (Constitución). Participants: A total of 13 of the 91 people diagnosed with PTSD participated. In addition, 16 people without diagnosis voluntarily participated. The treatment was completed by 29 participants. There were no dropouts. Only 1 of the 9 participants in the quasi-experimental group did not respond to treatment. Interventions: CBT-PD is a group therapy (10-12 sessions) that includes psychoeducation, breathing retraining, behavioural activation and cognitive restructuring. CBT-PD (complete and abbreviated) was applied between September and December 2010. Measurements: Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E) was used to measure PTSD symptoms before and after treatment. Results: The group that received the complete treatment and was diagnosed with PTSD showed a significant decrease in the total symptoms to below dangerous levels (IGAAB: 31.556; p<0.01; 95%CI: 0.21-2.01]; η2=0.709). Discussion: The effectiveness and benefits of incorporating CBT-PD in the health network after events like disasters were discussed


Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el estrés posdesastre (TCC-PD) en síntomas de estrés postraumático (TEPT) por primera vez fuera de los Estados Unidos. Diseño: Cuasiexperimental con tres grupos. Al grupo de cuasicontrol se le aplicó la TCC-PD completa pese a que sus miembros no tenían diagnóstico de TEPT; el grupo cuasiexperimental recibió el tratamiento completo porque sus miembros tenían ese diagnóstico. En el tercer grupo, las personas con TEPT recibieron un tratamiento abreviado (sesiones dobles) por exigencias organizativas. Emplazamiento: Trabajadores de atención primaria de salud de Constitución (Chile), ciudad expuesta al terremoto y tsunami; trabajadores de un servicio público de Talca (ciudad expuesta solo al terremoto) y profesores de escuela (Constitución). Participantes: Participaron 13 de las 91 personas diagnosticadas de TEPT; además, 16 personas sin diagnóstico participaron voluntariamente. Finalizaron el tratamiento 29 personas. No se produjeron abandonos. Solo uno de los nueve participantes del grupo cuasiexperimental no respondió al tratamiento. Intervenciones: La TCC-PD es una terapia grupal (10-12 sesiones) que incluye psicoeducación, reentrenamiento respiratorio, activación conductual y reestructuración cognitiva. Se aplicó TCC-PD (completa y abreviada) entre septiembre y diciembre de 2010. Mediciones principales: Para medir síntomas de TEPT se utilizó la Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E), antes y después del tratamiento. Resultados: Solo el grupo que recibió el tratamiento completo y fue diagnosticado de TEPT disminuyó significativamente sus síntomas por debajo de los niveles peligrosos (IGAAB: 31,556; p<0,01; IC95%: 0,21-2,01]; η2=0,709). Conclusiones: Se comprueban la efectividad y los beneficios de incorporar la TCC-PD en la red de salud después de desastres


Subject(s)
Humans , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Psychotherapy, Brief/methods , Natural Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Earthquakes/statistics & numerical data , Tsunamis/statistics & numerical data , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome , Evidence-Based Practice , Controlled Before-After Studies , Chile
2.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 28(supl.1): 55-60, feb. 2018. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-173057

ABSTRACT

Objective: This quasi-experimental, pre-/post-test study aimed to examine the effect of a community-based spiritual life review program on the resilience of elders residing in a disaster-prone area. Method: Fifty-two participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from three villages in the Kutaraja sub-district in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The participants' names were listed and then randomly selected by a random number generator. The experimental group underwent a community-based spiritual life review program, which included a review of their spiritual lives, the appreciation of feelings, affirmation by the religious leader, a reevaluation of their lives, and a reconstruction of their lives to recognize their memories and present feelings. Results: The elderly resilience scores were evaluated four weeks after the program was implemented. The control group received the same program after the study was finished. The participants in the experimental group significantly improved their resilience levels after completing the program (p < .05). There was a slight increase in the resilience scores from the pre-test to the post-test in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < .05). Conclusions: Future studies should add implementation sessions and avoid photos that would induce participants' traumatic memories or experiences during the spiritual life review


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Spirituality , Resilience, Psychological , Disaster Victims/psychology , Indonesia/epidemiology , Health of the Elderly , Health Effects of Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Natural Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Case-Control Studies , Controlled Before-After Studies/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 39(6): 410-421, jun. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-153473

ABSTRACT

Los efectos de los desastres sobre la salud física suelen ser bastante conocidos, con secuelas a corto, medio y largo plazo. En cambio, no siempre se han reconocido de igual manera los efectos sobre la salud mental, a pesar de haberse demostrado que, en situaciones de desastre o catástrofe se produce un incremento de los signos de sufrimiento psicológico y aumenta en cierta medida la morbilidad psiquiátrica y otros problemas sociales. Se estima que entre una tercera parte y la mitad de la población expuesta sufre alguna manifestación psicológica. Se ha pensado erróneamente que los niños y los adolescentes no sufren con la misma intensidad las consecuencias de situaciones especialmente traumáticas. De hecho, se presumía que, dadas sus reacciones tan diferentes a las de los adultos, tenían una cierta protección. En la actualidad esto se ha desmentido y los menores se consideran un grupo de alto riesgo en casos de desastres y emergencias. Algunas investigaciones realizadas demuestran que, en niños y adolescentes, las secuelas psicológicas suelen ser frecuentes y afectar de manera directa al desarrollo físico, mental y social. La enfermera de Atención Primaria correspondiente deberá tratar estas secuelas y, en ocasiones, dependiendo de su gravedad y persistencia (mayor de 3 meses), se realizará una derivación a un profesional de la salud mental, teniendo en cuenta una serie de recomendaciones y criterios de valoración. Los padres o tutores, junto con los profesionales sanitarios, desempeñan un papel muy importante en la recuperación de sus hijos, ya que las reacciones de los niños van a estar muy influenciadas por las de estos. En los últimos años, ha aumentado el interés por el impacto de los desastres en la salud mental de las poblaciones afectadas y actualmente se ha hecho evidente la necesidad de un abordaje integral, que trascienda la atención a la enfermedad y la reparación de los daños materiales (AU)


The effects of disasters on physical health tend to be well-known, with short, medium and long term sequelae. On the other hand, not always is have recognized in the same way the effects on mental health, despite having shown that, in situations of disaster or catastrophe there is a psychological signs of suffering increase and increases to a certain extent the psychiatric morbidity and other problem social. It is estimated that between a third and half of the exposed population, it suffers from some psychological manifestation. It has been erroneously thought that children and adolescents, not suffering with the same intensity of especially traumatic situations. In fact it was presumed, given their reactions so different from that of adults, had some protection. Currently, this has denied and minors are considered to be a group of high risk in cases of disasters and emergencies. Investigations carried out, demonstrate that in children and adolescents, the psychological sequels tend to be frequent and affect directly to the physical, mental and social development. Natural disasters are unexpected situations that will produce a serie of emotional reactions of diverse severity in their survivors, especially children, one of the most vulnerable groups due to a less understanding of what happened and difficulty expressing what they feel, having a personality still developing, and so directly affecting their physical, mental and social development. Therefore suffering the emotional scars, they will take longer to resolve and have a lifetime to live with them. These consequences should be treated by a corresponding community nurse and sometimes, depending on the severity and persistence (more than 3 months), a referral will be made to a qualified mental health professional, taking into account a number of recommendation and assesment canons. Parents or tutors with health professionals have an important role in the recovery of their children and their reactions will be very influenced by these firts. In recent years the interest has increased by the impact of the disaster on the mental health of affected populations and currently has become evident the need for a comprehensive approach that transcends disease care and repair of material damage (AU)


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Affective Symptoms/nursing , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Mental Health/standards , Child Care/methods , Psychology, Child/organization & administration , Nurse's Role/psychology , Natural Disasters/history , Natural Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/trends , Child Health Services/organization & administration , Social Support , Psychosocial Impact
4.
In. Bello Gutiérrez, Bruno. Eventos naturales, desastres y salubrismo. La Habana, ECIMED, 2015. .
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-61232
5.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 19(4): 389-402, out-dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-580211

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: realizar revisão bibliográfica sobre a construção e implementação de sistemas de informação e vigilância sobre desastres naturais. Metodologia: o presente artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura de artigos científicos realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo. Resultados: demonstraram que os sistemas de informação e/ou vigilância utilizados tinham como objetivos principais a análise da extensão dos danos, identificação das áreas e populações vulneráveis e avaliação das necessidades em saúde de grupos populacionais mais expostos à ocorrência dos desastres. Conclusões: há a necessidade de sistemas de informação e vigilância integrados entre áreas como Saúde Pública, Defesa Civil e Ambiental para a análise dos efeitos dos desastres sobre a saúde das populações.


Objective: literature review on the construction and implementation of information systems and surveillance of natural disasters. Methodology: this article presents a literature review of papers held in the databases Pubmed and Scielo. Results: showed that information systems and/or surveillance were used as main objectives the analysis of the extent of the damage, identifying areas and vulnerable populations and assessment of health needs of population groups most exposed to the occurrence of disasters. Conclusions: there is need for information systems and integrated monitoring within areas such as Public Health, Civil and Environmental Defense to analyze the effects of disasters on the health of populations.


Subject(s)
Natural Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Review , Information Systems
6.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 18(3): 216-221, set. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-420252

ABSTRACT

Un terremoto de gran magnitud en una zona urbana es uno de los peores desastres naturales que pueden ocurrir en ciertas partes del mundo. La mayor parte de las medidas aplicables para mitigar los traumatismos tienen que implantarse antes de que el desastre ocurra. Los investigadores han identificado algunos factores de riesgo importantes en relación con las heridas que se asocian, de un modo directo o indirecto, con los terremotos. Como el colapso estructural es el factor de riesgo individual más importante, la seguridad antisísmica debe ocupar un lugar priotario en el uso del terreno y en el diseño y construcción de edificios seguros. Para poder entender mejor los tipos de traumatismos ocasionados por los terremotos, es indispensable que se integren los estudios epidemiológicos con los de otras disciplinas, tales como la ingeniería, la arquitectura, las ciencias sociales y la medicina. Es esencial, además, tener un mejor conocimiento epidemiológico de los factores de riesgo de morir o de sufrir distintos tipos de heridas y enfermedades como consecuencia de los terremotos a fin de poder determinar qué materiales, instrumental y personal se necesitan para responder de manera eficaz. En zonas propensas a los desastres, el adiestramiento y la educación en primerios auxilios y métodos de rescate debe ser parte integral de todo programa comunitario de respuesta a emergencias y desastres. Lamentablemente, entre terremotos de gran magnitud transcurren períodos relativamente largos, con el resultado de que las autoridades sanitarias se enfrentan al reto especial de tener que comunicarle eficazmente al público los peligros planteados por los terremotos y la necesidad de planificar acciones y emprenderlas antes de que ocurra el siniestro. Pese a los grandes adelantos científicos que se han producido en seismología e ingeniería antisísmica en años recientes, lograr que se adopten normas estrictas de seguridad antisís-mica es una meta que aún no se ha alcanzado en muchas partes del mundo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disaster Planning , Natural Disasters , Public Health , Dust , Emergencies , Emergency Medical Services , Hazardous Substances , Health Education , Interdisciplinary Communication , Natural Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Relief Work , Rescue Work , Respiration Disorders/epidemiology , Respiration Disorders/etiology , Social Problems , Global Health , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/etiology
7.
West Indian med. j ; 54(4): 232-235, Sep. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-472961

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Hurricane Ivan on the operations of the Emergency Department (ED) at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI). Hurricane Ivan,--a category four Hurricane--traversed the south coast of the island of Jamaica on September 10, 2004, causing damage to several parishes. The study design is a descriptive retrospective record-based incidence study of all admissions to the ED commencing at 8:00 am September 10, 2004 and ending at 12 midnight September 11, 2004, covering the period of the entire duration of the hurricane as well as immediately after. Injuries that took place during the hurricane, inclusive of gun-shot wounds (GSWs) represented 40of the total patients seen. The types of admission are listed categorically as well as specific items to be considered in planning for potential disasters of higher magnitude. Overall, the coping mechanism of the ED at UHWI was adequate for this magnitude of disaster.


El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto del huracán Iván en las operaciones del Departamento de Emergencia (DE) en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (HUWI). El huracán Iván – un huracán de categoría 4 – atravesó la costa sur de la isla de Jamaica el 10 de septiembre de 2004, causando daños en varias provincias. El diseño del estudio consiste en un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de incidencias, basado en los registros de todos los ingresos al DE, a partir de las 8:00 del 10 de septiembre de 2004, hasta las 12 de la noche del 11 de septiembre de 2004. Es decir, el estudio abarca todo el período de duración del huracán y el tiempo inmediatamente después. Las lesiones ocurridas durante el período del huracán – incluidas las heridas de bala – representaron el 40% del total de los pacientes atendidos. Se hace un listado de los tipos de ingresos por categoría así como de los artículos específicos a ser tomados en cuenta a la hora de hacer planes en relación con desastres potenciales de mayor magnitud. En general, los mecanismos operativos del DE del HUWI fueron adecuados para enfrentar un desastre de esta magnitud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Natural Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Hospitals, University , Disaster Planning/organization & administration , Utilization Review , Emergency Service, Hospital , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Incidence , Jamaica/epidemiology , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration
9.
In. Bello Gutiérrez, Bruno; Cruz Alvarez, Nelida; Alvarez Saez, Martha; Chao Rojas, Fernándo L; García Gómez, Vicente. Medicina de desastres. La Habana, Ecimed, 2004. p.1-24, tab.
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-39111
10.
Rev. panam. salud publica ; 8(6): 380-384, Dec. 2000. tab
Article in English | MedCarib | ID: med-16944

ABSTRACT

Hurricanes and other natural disasters can produce crop destruction, population displacement, infrastructure damage, and long-term public health consequences that include increased malnitrition among the affected populations. This paper presents the results of anthropometric measurements taken of 295 children under 5 years of age from three regions of Honduras that were affected by Hurricane Mitch, a major storm that struck Central America in the fall of 1998. The children in our study were sampled in three shelters in the capital city of Tegucigalpa; in the resettlement zone of Nueva Choluteca, Choluteca; and in the small urban area of Catacamas, Olancho. Our data indicated that, in comparison to the period before the hurricane, there was an elevated prevalence of wasting in all three of the study areas, and that there were also high levels of underweight in the Tegucigalpa and Nueva Choluteca study areas. There were statistically significant differences between the mean values of malnutrition indicators for Catacamas and those for the Tegucigalpa and Nueva Choluteca settlements. These differences suggest that resettled families were confronting a nutritional crisis in July and August of 1999, some 9 months after the hurricane struck (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Nutritional Status , Honduras , Natural Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis
15.
Potosi; EMUSA; ago. 1983. 41 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1304324

ABSTRACT

Las lluvias de los ultimos tres años fueron muy escaas en el altiplano boliviano, en este caso en la ciudad de Potosí solo llovio 243 mm por año, de un promedio de 437.7 mm durante los ultimos tres años y sin llegar a llenarse las lagunas, produciendo un escasez en el suministro de agua que alarmo a todo el pais, numerosas personas e instituciones publicas e privadas acudieron en ayuda de Potosí para contribuir en la busqueda de soluciones para abastecer del liquido elemento de los habitantes de la Villa Imperial


Subject(s)
Natural Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Bolivia
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