Malaria following a blood exposure accident: about a case.

Each year, hundreds of cases of malaria are reported in Morocco and occur after anopheles in patients who have stayed in endemic areas, but transmission following an accident of exposure to blood is rare or exceptional, only about 20 cases are published. We report a case of malaria in a nursing staff following an accidental sting with a catheter needle.

OCCUPATIONAL, NOSOCOMIAL OR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS.

Toxoplasma gondii is protozoan parasite infects wild and domestic animals including birds, cats, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and poultry. Cats are the definitive host of Toxoplasma and transmitted to other animals or people. There are three forms of T gondii: the tachyzoite (the rapidly reproducing form), the bradyzoite (a slower reproducing form contained in tissue cysts), and the sporozoite (contained in oocysts). The tachyzoite invade cells in the body where it thep multiplies rapidly and can destroy cells. When the cells die, the tachyzoites are released and infect other cells. For this reason, tachyzoites are seen in many tissues and organs throughout the body that are infected during this acute phase of the disease. This is also called the extraintestinal phase of the infection since it can affect all cells outside the intestines in all infected animals. However, only cats have the. intestinal phase of the infection. Two or three weeks after the first infection, the Toxoplasma divides more slowly and a protective membrane forms around the parasite cells. The cyst containing the parasites is called a zoitocyst and the cells inside the cyst are called bradyzoites. The tissue cysts are formed primarily in brain, eye, heart muscle, and skeletal muscle. Bradyzoites persist in tissues for many years, possibly for the life of the host. In cats, Toxoplasma infects the small intestine lining where they reproduce asexually. After a few days of rapid reproduction the cells transform into a sexual form, combine, and become enclosed in a cyst called an oocyst. Oocysts contain the sporozoite form of the Toxoplasma parasite. Gocysts are found in both wild and domestic cats but not in any other animals or birds.

Serial nosocomial transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria from patient to nurse to patient.

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial transmission of malaria is a rare phenomenon in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To describe the probable transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria from a patient to a healthcare worker and then from the healthcare worker to another patient. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Two community hospitals in Massachusetts. INTERVENTION: Routine medical and supportive care. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical and laboratory evaluation. RESULTS: A nurse developed falciparum malaria after a needlestick injury from a patient with documented falciparum malaria. Three days prior to her diagnosis, she cared for another patient, who subsequently developed falciparum malaria. That patient's parasite isolate genetically matched the nurse's isolate by two independent DNA fingerprinting techniques. CONCLUSION: After extensive evaluation, we believe that a nurse who had acquired falciparum malaria via needlestick subsequently transmitted malaria to another patient via a break in standard precautions. The implications of this mechanism of transmission are discussed.