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1.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia ; 24(2): 125-137, 2019 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30488318

ABSTRACT

Mixed tumors are characterized by the histological identification of two or more cell types. Commonly, a mixture of epithelial and myoepithelial cells is included in abundant stroma, which can consist of myxoid, chondroid or bony matrices. Spontaneously arising mixed tumors are rare lesions in the human breast but are common in human salivary glands and canine mammary glands. Subtle histopathological characteristics and overlapping attributes of malignant lesions with other benign lesions can lead to a diagnostic challenge. Mixed tumors can present as benign or malignant. While malignant mixed tumors are quite rare in the human breast they have a poor prognosis. Benign mixed mammary tumors occur more frequently in female dogs than in humans and are usually associated with a good prognosis. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of mixed mammary tumors, across various mammalian species.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology , Mammary Glands, Human/pathology , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/epidemiology , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/epidemiology , Rare Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Female , Humans , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/pathology , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/veterinary , Prognosis , Rare Diseases/pathology , Species Specificity
2.
Microsc Res Tech ; 80(11): 1229-1233, 2017 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28799678

ABSTRACT

Canine mammary gland tumors represent the second most frequent type of neoplasm in dogs, being an important problem within veterinary medical field. Canine mixed mammary tumors are the most common; the use of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) can contribute as a tool in its diagnosis by determining the characteristics of cellular components from numerous neoplasms. The aim of this study was to characterize cytologically canine mammary mixed tumor by the use of the TEM. A biopsy collected from an 11 years old bitch Shih-Tzu and analyzed by histopathology was used for ultrastructural analysis. Specimens obtained were double stained using uranyl acetate and lead citrate prior to observation in the TEM. The protocol established to transmission electron microscopy observation allowed the identification of main cellular characteristics of canine mixed mammary tumors; however, it was not possible a detailed visualization of the organelles due to the preservation of the biopsy in formaldehyde.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/diagnosis , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/veterinary , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/veterinary , Animals , Biopsy , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dogs , Female , Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology , Mammary Glands, Animal/ultrastructure , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission/veterinary , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/methods , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/ultrastructure
3.
J Comp Pathol ; 151(1): 63-6, 2014 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24811274

ABSTRACT

A 7-year-old mixed breed neutered female rabbit (Orytolagus cuniculus) developed a solitary black nodular mass (1 cm in diameter) in the skin of the right flank. Microscopically, the mass consisted of an admixture of neoplastic trichoblasts and melanocytes. The former were arranged as solid, trabecular, island-like and gland-like structures and the cells had oval nuclei with prominent nucleoli and lightly eosinophilic scant cytoplasm. The latter population exhibited prominent nuclear atypia and high mitotic index in the clusters of a few cells or single cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic trichoblasts expressed cytokeratins and E-cadherin, while the neoplastic melanocytes expressed vimentin, S100 protein, melan-A and melanoma antigen. A diagnosis of collision tumour involving malignant trichoblastoma and melanosarcoma was made.


Subject(s)
Hair Diseases/veterinary , Melanoma/veterinary , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/veterinary , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Female , Hair Diseases/pathology , Melanoma/pathology , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/pathology , Rabbits , Skin Neoplasms/pathology
4.
Vet Comp Oncol ; 7(3): 162-72, 2009 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19691645

ABSTRACT

This study describes the clinical and histopathological findings in dogs with mammary gland tumours, and compares the histopathological and clinical evidence consistent with progression from benign to malignant to human breast cancer epidemiology. Clinical and histopathological data on 90 female dogs with 236 tumours was included. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly older than dogs with benign tumours (9.5 versus 8.5 years), P = 0.009. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign tumours (4.7 versus 2.1 cm), P = 0.0002. Sixty-six percent had more than one tumour, and evidence of histological progression was noted with increasing tumour size. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly more likely to develop new primary tumours than dogs with benign tumours, P = 0.015. These findings suggest that canine mammary tumours progress from benign to malignant; malignant tumours may be the end stage of a histological continuum with clinical and histopathological similarities to human breast carcinogenesis.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/pathology , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology , Mixed Tumor, Malignant/veterinary , Neoplasms/veterinary , Adenocarcinoma/veterinary , Adenoma/veterinary , Animals , Carcinoma/veterinary , Dogs , Female , Mixed Tumor, Malignant/pathology , Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/pathology , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/veterinary , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/veterinary , Retrospective Studies
6.
Vet Pathol ; 41(2): 154-63, 2004 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15017029

ABSTRACT

To study the ectopic chondrogenesis in canine mammary mixed tumors, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and specific BMP receptors (BMPRs), BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, and BMPR-II, was examined using immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis in 39 canine mammary gland tumors. Immunohistochemically, BMP-6 and all three types of BMPRs were coexpressed in the myoepithelial cells and chondrocytes in six of eight benign mixed tumors. In complex adenomas, myoepithelial cells showed an expression pattern of BMP-6, BMPR-IA, and BMPR-II similar to those in benign mixed tumors, whereas immunoreactivity for BMPR-IB was very mild. The myoepithelial cells proliferating within the basement membrane showed more intense immunoreactivity for BMP-6 and all BMPRs as compared with those proliferating in the interstitial areas. Western blotting analysis revealed immunopositive bands at 40-45 kDa for BMP-6 in the samples from simple and complex adenomas and benign mixed tumors. The BMPR-IB-specific bands at 45 kDa were most detected in benign mixed tumors. Because among BMPRs, BMPR-IB is thought to be the major receptor for BMP-6 for primary chondrogenesis, these findings suggest that the expression of BMP and its receptors on the myoepithelial cells might play a role in the ectopic cartilage formation in canine mammary gland tumors, especially in benign mixed tumors.


Subject(s)
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism , Dog Diseases/pathology , Gene Expression , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/veterinary , Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism , Animals , Blotting, Western , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 , Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors , Dog Diseases/metabolism , Dogs , Female , Immunohistochemistry , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/metabolism , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/pathology
7.
Histol Histopathol ; 14(1): 51-61, 1999 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9987650

ABSTRACT

Immunocytochemical demonstration of metallothionein (MT) has been reported as a useful prognostic tool in human breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical location of MT in canine mammary tumours and its possible correlation with the morphologic characteristics of these tumours. Surgical specimens from spontaneous malignant (n = 20) and benign mammary neoplasms (n = 20) were processed for routine histological examination and immunohistochemical study. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique, using monoclonal antibody E9 against horse MT was employed. Intensity of the stain, the percentage of immunoreactive tumour cells and immunohistochemical overexpression of MT was estimated for each case. Metallothionein over-expression, defined as those cases with more than 10% immunopositive cells, was detected in both benign and malignant mammary tumours. However, strong immunostaining intensity was seen in benign tumours, whereas in malignant tumours immunopositive cells stained weakly. Positive MT immunostaining occurred in neoplastic epithelial cells, and some chondrocytes present in mixed mammary tumours. However, staining intensity was variable in immunopositive cells. Differences in staining intensity between the primary malignant mammary tumour, tumour emboli and metastatic cells within a lymph node were also noted. Myoepithelial cells and connective tissue did not stain for MT. We concluded that metallothionein immunostaining cannot be used as a diagnostic or prognostic tool in canine mammary neoplasms. However, results of this study support the hypothesis that MT has a role in tumour proliferation and tumour progression.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/chemistry , Metallothionein/analysis , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/veterinary , Adenocarcinoma/chemistry , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/veterinary , Adenoma/chemistry , Adenoma/pathology , Adenoma/veterinary , Animals , Carcinoma/chemistry , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/veterinary , Dogs , Female , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology , Mixed Tumor, Malignant , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/chemistry , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/pathology , Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/veterinary , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/chemistry , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
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