ABSTRACT
A 3-year-old entire female Springer Spaniel, with a previous diagnosis of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin diagnosed 2 years before presentation and treated with long term administration of prednisolone, developed proteinuria. Laboratory findings revealed hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria. Further investigations excluded underlying causes. Renal biopsies were performed. The glomeruli and the tubulointerstitial compartment did not show any anomalies on light microscopy and immunofluorescence staining did not reveal abnormalities. Transmission electron microscopy revealed moderate podocyte injury consisting of foot process effacement and microvillus transformation of the cytoplasm. The dog was diagnosed with primary minimal change disease of the podocytes and treated with telmisartan and mycophenolate mofetil. Abnormalities of serum albumin, cholesterol, and proteinuria resolved within 4 weeks. Minimal change disease has been reported in dogs, but this is a case report of proteinuria secondary to minimal change disease successfully treated with mycophenolate mofetil and telmisartan.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Nephrosis, Lipoid , Dogs , Female , Animals , Nephrosis, Lipoid/drug therapy , Nephrosis, Lipoid/veterinary , Nephrosis, Lipoid/complications , Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use , Telmisartan/therapeutic use , Proteinuria/drug therapy , Proteinuria/veterinary , Kidney Glomerulus/pathology , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dog Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
A 6-year-old domestic shorthair male castrated cat was evaluated for sudden onset of vomiting and anorexia. A diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) was made, and the cat was treated with imatinib mesylate. The cat had an initial clinical improvement with the normalization of the peripheral eosinophil count. After approximately 8 weeks of treatment, lethargy and anorexia recurred despite the normal eosinophil count and a significant proteinuric nephropathy was identified. Treatment with imatinib was discontinued. Ultrasound guided renal biopsies exhibited histologic, ultrastructural, and immunostaining changes indicative of a minimal change glomerulopathy (MCG) which has not previously been reported in the literature in a cat. The proteinuria and HES initially improved while the cat was treated with more traditional medications; however, both the problems persisted for 30 months that the cat was followed subsequently. Previous studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of imatinib in cats do not report any glomerular injury or significant adverse drug reactions, and the exact cause of this cat's proteinuric nephropathy is uncertain. Nonetheless, the possibility of an adverse drug reaction causing proteinuria should be considered when initiating treatment with imatinib in a cat.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/veterinary , Nephrosis, Lipoid/veterinary , Piperazines/adverse effects , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/adverse effects , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Animals , Benzamides , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Cats , Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/diagnosis , Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/drug therapy , Imatinib Mesylate , Leukocyte Count/veterinary , Male , Nephrosis, Lipoid/diagnosis , Nephrosis, Lipoid/drug therapy , Nephrosis, Lipoid/etiology , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitorsSubject(s)
Dog Diseases/chemically induced , Nephrosis, Lipoid/veterinary , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Animals , Benzamides , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Atopic/veterinary , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dogs , Female , Nephrosis, Lipoid/chemically induced , Nephrosis, Lipoid/pathology , Piperidines , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pyridines , Thiazoles/adverse effects , Thiazoles/therapeutic useABSTRACT
In the dog, massive proteinuria and/or the nephrotic syndrome have been commonly associated with renal amyloidosis and membranous glomerulonephritis. Primary glomerulopathies associated with the nephrotic syndrome in man also include minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal glomerular sclerosis. A 4-year-old Collie dog is described with clinical, histological, immunohistological, and ultrastructural findings similar to those which characterize the minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in man.
