ABSTRACT
Inflammatory neuropathies are a diverse group of illnesses sharing the pathologic characteristic of inflammation surrounding nerve fibers. They may be autoimmune, granulomatous, infectious, paraneoplastic, or paraproteinemic in origin. All can result in significant morbidity and rarely, death. It is critical to correctly diagnose these illnesses, as many respond well to treatment. In this paper, the diagnosis and latest developments in the treatment of the most common inflammatory neuropathies (Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, neurosarcoidosis, anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy, Sjögren's syndrome, paraneoplastic neuronopathy, and vasculitic neuropathies) will be discussed.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Neuritis , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Neuritis/classification , Neuritis/drug therapy , Neuritis/pathology , Peripheral Nerves/pathologyABSTRACT
The parameters for vestibular dysfunction were modified after our own studies. This index includes the degree of vertigo present, spontaneous nystagmus, dysfunction of the vestibulospinal reflexes and caloric and postrotatory side differences. The index is applicable for defining the extent of a lesion, follow-up, defining its stage and the results of therapy. Introduction of the modified vestibular index is proposed for use in clinical diagnosis. Classification of vestibular neuronitis into groups A, B and C is suggested on the basis of the reversibility of spontaneous nystagmus after caloric stimulation.
Subject(s)
Neuritis/classification , Vestibular Nerve , Caloric Tests , Humans , Nausea/etiology , Neuritis/physiopathology , Nystagmus, Pathologic/etiology , Vertigo/etiology , Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/classification , Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The author presents data on multifactorial principles of classification and differential diagnosis of infectious-inflammatory diseases of the nervous system with consideration of immune interaction of macro- and microorganisms, local factors of infection and inflammation, etiological principles, microbiological verification, bacteriology. The importance is stressed of pre-etiological diagnosis of the acute period in determining the trends of pathogenetic treatment.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Neuritis/diagnosis , Virus Diseases/diagnosis , Bacterial Infections/classification , Diagnosis, Differential , Encephalitis/classification , Encephalitis/diagnosis , Humans , Nervous System Diseases/classification , Neuritis/classification , Virus Diseases/classificationABSTRACT
The authors review the concept of vegetative "ganglionitis" formed in the Soviet literature in the 40-60s. Consider the etiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects thereof. Provide the modern concepts of the clinical manifestations related to the lesions of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. Relate some hypotheses concerning the origin of painful phenomena within the framework of the syndrome of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Indicate that verified lesions of the sympathetic ganglia are associated with well-defined clinical symptoms which absolutely differ in their appearance from the reported descriptions of "ganglionitis", which are unjustifiedly widely used in the Soviet literature over the recent decades. The conclusion is made about the necessity of reviewing the outdated concepts of the pathology of the vegetative sympathetic ganglia from the standpoint of the modern concept of peripheral vegetative insufficiency.
Subject(s)
Ganglia, Autonomic , Neuritis , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/classification , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Humans , Neuritis/classification , Neuritis/diagnosis , Neuritis/etiology , Syndrome , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
In a series of 103 cases of postirradiation lesions of the brachial plexus operated on between 1978 and 1986--of which 60 patients have been reviewed with a follow up from 2 to 9 years--the surgical results are analyzed according to an anatomic classification, a clinical classification, and the surgical procedures. We conclude that the radiation plexitis should be treated surgically and at the earliest possible time after the onset of paresthesias. Also, the surgical procedure which gives the best results is neurolysis with pedicled omentoplasty.
Subject(s)
Brachial Plexus/surgery , Neuritis/surgery , Radiation Injuries/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neuritis/classification , Neuritis/etiology , Radiation Injuries/classification , Radiotherapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Fifty cases of ulnar nerve neuritis in Hansen disease are reported. The authors analyse the type of lesion, the clinical feature, the treatment, and the results of neurolysis. Many points are emphasized: the requirement to an association antileprosy, chemotherapy and corticotherapy with a careful neurolysis; pain and paresthesia were relieved immediately after neurolysis, recovery within two years after neurolysis; the amount of recovery was directly related to the extent and stage of involvement of the nerve; and thus the sooner procedure give the best result.
