Subject(s)
Immunocompromised Host/drug effects , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications , Lower Extremity/physiopathology , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Immunocompromised Host/physiology , Lower Extremity/diagnostic imaging , Male , Nocardiaceae/drug effects , Nocardiaceae/pathogenicity , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Representative strains of Gordona, Nocardia and Rhodococcus were tested against 26 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. A distinct susceptibility profile was noted for most species. Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. transvalensis and N. vaccinii were rarely susceptible to the antibiotics tested; N. brevicatena and N. farcinica varied in their susceptibility depending on the strain tested. Only the antibiotic amikacin was active against all nocardiae. In contrast, the Gordona and Rhodococcus strains showed considerable susceptibility, in particular to the beta-lactam antibiotics. Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and gentamicin were active against all of the gordonae and rhodococci. The differences in susceptibility patterns may prove useful in characterizing the genera Gordona, Nocardia and Rhodococcus and in separating species within these taxa.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Nocardia/drug effects , Nocardiaceae/drug effects , Rhodococcus/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Nocardia/classification , Nocardiaceae/classification , Rhodococcus/classificationABSTRACT
About 3000 actinomycetes were isolated from various soil samples collected in 11 regions of Kazakhstan. 62.7 per cent of them proved to be antagonists. For isolation of the strains, selective media supplemented with antibiotics were used. Kanamycin promoted growth of Actinomadura and Nocardia. Rubomycin promoted growth of Actinomadura. Tavromycetin and roseofungin were used as selective agents for the first time. Tavromycetin favoured isolation of Actinomadura and Nocardia. Roseofungin favoured isolation of Actinomadura. Light chestnut and serozemic soils were the most rich in antagonists (67.1 and 61.3 per cent, respectively) while saline and chestnut soils were the poorest in antagonists (32.2 and 30.6 per cent, respectively). Actinomadura were more frequent in light-chestnut light-loamy and serozemic soils. Half of the antibiotics isolated in the form of concentrates were identified with the known antibiotics or classified as belonging to various groups. A culture producing a novel antibiotic was isolated.
Subject(s)
Actinomyces/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Nocardiaceae/isolation & purification , Soil Microbiology , Actinomyces/drug effects , Actinomyces/growth & development , Culture Media , Drug Resistance, Microbial , In Vitro Techniques , Kazakhstan , Nocardiaceae/drug effects , Nocardiaceae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
A number of drugs and drug combinations were tested both in vitro and in vivo against pathogens causing actinomycetoma and maduromycetoma. Of 144 patients with actinomycetoma treated, 63.2% were cured, 21.5% showed great improvement in their condition, and 11.1% showed some improvement. Treatment was successful even when there was advanced bone involvement. The most effective treatments involved dapsone plus streptomycin sulfate or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim plus streptomycin. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus streptomycin or rifampicin plus streptomycin also gave good results. Griseofulvin plus penicillin showed some promise in the management of maduromycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomi but at the present time this should be used only as an adjunct to surgery. All mycetoma patients undergoing drug therapy should be carefully monitored and treatment should be temporarily suspended if anaemia or leucopenia develop.
