Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (LVSG) in feline cadavers using endoscopic stapling equipment and report clinical outcomes in two live feline subjects. STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric study and experimental case series. ANIMALS: Ten feline cadavers; two feline subjects. METHODS: LVSG technique was refined on feline cadavers and included retraction of the liver, dissection of the stomach, assessment of proper location for gastrectomy via stapling, and leak testing. Appropriateness of gastrectomy, gastrectomy %, surgical times and complications were recorded. The procedure was performed on two live feline subjects, and they were followed for 4 months to report surgical complications. RESULTS: LVSG was completed in 9/10 cadavers and both live patients. Stenosis at the incisura was recorded in 2/9 cadavers. No obvious leaks were seen in the 8 cadavers that were tested or either live patient. The mean surgical time for all cadaver procedures and live patients was 110.4 and 115 minutes, respectively. Mean weight of resected cadaver stomach was 10 g and the mean % of the total stomach weight resected was 27.6%. No intra- or postoperative surgical complications occurred in the live subjects. CONCLUSION: LVSG technique appears feasible and safe for use in live patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This LVSG technique may be safely used for partial gastric resection in cats. Further studies are necessary to determine if it is effective at reversing the effects of obesity and diabetes in this population.

Use of an intragastric balloon for management of obesity in a dog.

While various bariatric surgeries are commonplace in obesity medicine for humans, these techniques have not been commonly used in veterinary medicine. A technique used in humans consists in endoscopically placing an intragastric balloon. The intragastric balloon takes volume in the stomach causing a feeling of satiety and reducing food intake. A 57.6 kg, 9-year-old neutered female Labrador dog with chronic hypothyroidism was presented for overweight management. Combined levothyroxine treatment and dietary management with specific alimentation for obesity had failed to control overweight. An intragastric balloon was placed endoscopically in the stomach to allow the reduction of the gastric capacity and resulted in effective weight loss. The dog weight decreased to 40.9 kg at the time of intragastric balloon removal 198 days after placement. Further research including a larger sample size and long term follow-up is required to establish safety and effectiveness of this procedure.

Effect of feeding a weight loss food beyond a caloric restriction period on body composition and resistance to weight gain in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of feeding a food with coconut oil and supplemental L-carnitine, lysine, leucine, and fiber on weight loss and maintenance in cats. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: 50 overweight cats. PROCEDURES: The study consisted of 2 trials. During trial 1, 30 cats were allocated to 3 groups (10 cats/group) to be fed a dry maintenance cat food to maintain body weight (group 1) or a dry test food at the same amount on a mass (group 2) or energy (group 3) basis as group 1. During trial 2, each of 20 cats was fed the test food and caloric intake was adjusted to maintain a weight loss rate of 1%/wk (weight loss phase). Next, each cat was fed the test food in an amount calculated to maintain the body weight achieved at the end of the weight loss phase (weight maintenance phase). Cats were weighed and underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry monthly. Metabolomic data were determined before (baseline) and after each phase. RESULTS: During trial 1, cats in groups 2 and 3 lost significantly more weight than did those in group 1. During trial 2, cats lost a significant amount of body weight and fat mass but retained lean body mass during the weight loss phase and continued to lose body weight and fat mass but gained lean body mass during the weight maintenance phase. Evaluation of metabolomic data suggested that fat metabolism was improved from baseline for cats fed the test food. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that feeding overweight cats the test food caused weight loss and improvements in body condition during the weight maintenance phase, possibly because the food composition improved energy metabolism.

Effect of feeding a weight loss food beyond a caloric restriction period on body composition and resistance to weight gain in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of feeding a food with coconut oil and supplemental L-carnitine, lipoic acid, lysine, leucine, and fiber on weight loss and maintenance in dogs. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: 50 overweight dogs. PROCEDURES: The study consisted of 2 trials. During trial 1, 30 dogs were allocated to 3 groups (10 dogs/group) to be fed a dry maintenance dog food to maintain body weight (group 1) or a dry test food at the same amount on a mass (group 2) or energy (group 3) basis as group 1. During trial 2, each of 20 dogs was fed the test food and caloric intake was adjusted to maintain a weight loss rate of 1% to 2%/wk (weight loss phase). Next, each dog was fed the test food in an amount calculated to maintain the body weight achieved at the end of the weight loss phase (weight maintenance phase). Dogs were weighed and underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry monthly. Metabolomic data were determined before (baseline) and after each phase. RESULTS: During trial 1, dogs in groups 2 and 3 lost significantly more weight than did those in group 1. During trial 2, dogs lost a significant amount of body weight and fat mass but retained lean body mass (LBM) during the weight loss phase and continued to lose body fat but gained LBM during the weight maintenance phase. Evaluation of metabolomic data suggested that fat metabolism and LBM retention were improved from baseline for dogs fed the test food. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that feeding overweight dogs the test food caused weight loss and improvements in body condition during the weight-maintenance phase, possibly because the food composition improved energy metabolism.

Assessment of protein and amino acid concentrations and labeling adequacy of commercial vegetarian diets formulated for dogs and cats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine measured crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) concentrations and assess labeling adequacy of vegetarian diets formulated for dogs and cats. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE: 13 dry and 11 canned vegetarian diets for dogs and cats. PROCEDURES: Concentrations of CP and AAs were determined for each diet. Values were compared with the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) Dog and Cat Food Nutrient Profiles. Product labels were assessed for compliance with AAFCO regulations. RESULTS: CP concentration (dry-matter basis) ranged from 19.2% to 40.3% (median, 29.8%). Minimum CP concentrations for the specified species and life stage were met by 23 diets; the remaining diet passed appropriate AAFCO feeding trials. Six diets did not meet all AA minimums, compared with the AAFCO nutrient profiles. Of these 6 diets, 1 was below AAFCO minimum requirements in 4 AAs (leucine, methionine, methionine-cystine, and taurine), 2 were below in 3 AAs (methionine, methionine-cystine, and taurine), 2 were below in 2 AAs (lysine and tryptophan), and 1 was below in 1 AA (tryptophan). Only 3 and 8 diets (with and without a statement of calorie content as a requirement, respectively) were compliant with all pet food label regulations established by the AAFCO. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most diets assessed in this study were not compliant with AAFCO labeling regulations, and there were concerns regarding adequacy of AA content. Manufacturers should ensure regulatory compliance and nutritional adequacy of all diets, and pets fed commercially available vegetarian diets should be monitored and assessed routinely.

Efectos de la transposición ileal, el bypass gastroyeyunal y la gastroplastia vertical en la regulación de la ingesta en un modelo experimental de obesidad relacionada con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / The effects of ileal transposition, gastrojejunal bypass and vertical gastroplasty on the regulation of ingestion in an experimental obesity model associated with diabetes mellitus type 2

Introducción: En el marco de la cirugía metabólica, este estudio pretende valorar la transposición ileal como tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida relacionada con la diabetes mellitus no insulinodependiente gracias a la acción del péptido GLP-1, en relación con el bypass gástrico y la gastroplastia vertical. También determinar las concentraciones de grelina y su contribución a la pérdida de peso para cada técnica. Material y métodos: Animales de experimentación del tipo Zucker Diabetic Fatty, ratas obesas y modelo de diabetes tipo 2. Tres grupos de 10 animales cada uno: a) transposición ileal; b) bypass gastroyeyunal, y c) gastroplastia vertical. Parámetros determinados: pérdida de peso, cambios en la ingesta, valores de glucemia, GLP-1, insulina y grelina en sangre de cada uno de los animales una semana antes de la intervención quirúrgica y a los 15 días de la cirugía. Resultados: La intervención que produce una mayor pérdida de peso es el bypass gastroyeyunal. Hay una disminución de la ingesta calórica significativa para los tres tipos de intervención. No se consigue corregir el estado de hiperglucemia intensa en los tres grupos, aunque en el grupo de la transposición se logra frenar el estado de cetosis. El aumento de GLP-1 es sólo significativo en la transposición ileal. Conclusiones: En la respuesta metabólica a la cirugía no sólo se modifica una única hormona, sino que se establece un estado de regulación y contrarregulación como traducción de una determinada acción quirúrgica. Los animales obesos, cuyo exceso de peso es de causa exógena, pueden ser un buen modelo para otros estudios en esta dirección (AU)

Aim: The continual advances in our knowledge of the pathogenesis and hormonal disorders of morbid obesity lead to new studies in experimental animals and the development of new technical options. The aim is to asses whether ileal transposition can be a good treatment of morbid obesity associated with diabetes mellitus due to the action of intestinal peptide Glp-1 (enteroglucagon) compared to gastric bypass and vertical gastroplasty (VGB). Material and methods: Trial enviroment: experimental animals ZDF rats (Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats). Subjects of the study: three groups of 10 animals each one divided as: a) ileal tranposition; b) gastro-jejunal bypass; c) vertical gastroplasty. Parameters to determine: weight loss, levels of glycaemia, enteroglucagon, insulin and ghrelin in blood, one week before the operation as a baseline control, and 15 days after the surgical procedure. Results: Gastrojejunal bypass produces the most significant weight loss. There is a significant decrease in intake in all groups. Hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia tend to decrease after surgery in all groups, but in ileal transposition there is better control of ketosis. After gastrojejunal bypass and ileal transposition, we observed an increase in GLP-1 levels but were only significant in ileal transposition. Conclusions: Ileal transposition produces a decrease in plasma glucose and better control of diabetes mellitus, which could benefit patients affected by morbid obesity and poor metabolic control. More studies are needed on other models of obesity. A model of exogenous and reversible obesity could be a good option to study the real benefits of the interventions (AU)

Regulation of lypolysis in white adipose tissues of lean and obese Zucker rats

Obese Zucker rat is often used as a model of genetic obesity to understand themechanism of the development of obesity. In the present work, in order to betterunderstand the regulation of lipolysis in the Zucker rat, the lipolytic activities ofadipocytes isolated from different adipose depots of lean and obese Zucker rats, inthe basal state or after catecholamine stimulation have been measured. The obeseZucker rat presents hyperinsulinemia without hyperglycemia and with elevated plasmafree fatty acids, suggesting a dyslipidemia. Morphological studies of three adiposedeposits show a marked hypertrophic and hyperplastic type of obesity, much pronouncedin the subcutaneous depot. In the current study we show that the basallipolytic rate is higher in adipocytes from each deposit of obese rats (when results arecorrected for cell surface area). This finding, associated with the increase of alldeposits, could contribute to the elevated plasma FFA observed. Investigation of theresponsiveness of dibutyril cAMP (DBcAMP) points out that the defect in the NEresponsiveness is essentially located at post-receptor level. Nevertheless, a receptordefect could not be excluded as suggested by a decrease of the Beta-ARs observed in alldeposits. Our study points out that the lipolytic resistance to catecholamines in adiposetissue of obese Zucker rats appears to counteract the increase in the lipolyticrate, in order to moderate the increase in plasma FFA levels that may contribute tothe hyperinsulinemia observed, characteristic of an insulino-resistant state (AU)

No disponible

Liposuction--removal of giant lipomas for weight loss in a dog with severe hip osteoarthritis.

An extremely obese, mixed breed dog, with severe bilateral hip osteoarthritis was presented with progressive hindlimb lameness. In addition, three giant lipomas were diagnosed, one causing mechanical irritation within the left axillary region. Previous treatments of dietary weight loss and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had failed. Minimally invasive liposuction of the lipomas was performed, resulting in weight loss of 3 kg, representing 10 per cent of the dog's bodyweight. Conservative treatment was continued, and the dog improved rapidly postoperatively. Liposuction of lipomas may be considered as an alternative to traditional surgical resection in cases where seroma formation and delayed wound healing may be expected. Acute weight loss through liposuction may improve lameness associated with osteoarthritis and motivate the owner compliance for further weight loss.