The Birth Sisters Program: A Model of Hospital-Based Doula Support to Promote Health Equity.

Maternity care in the United States is characterized by racial and income disparities in maternal and infant outcomes. This article describes an innovative, hospital-based doula model serving a racially and ethnically diverse, low-income population. The program's history, program model, administration requirements, training, and evaluations are described.

Finn Bøe--war, medicine, music.

In January 1944 the Norwegian Resistance Movement placed a radio transmitter in the attic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the National Hospital (Rikshospitalet), Oslo. Knut Haugland (1917-2009) used this to send messages to the Norwegian government-in-exile in London. The transmitter was discovered by the Gestapo, and German troops surrounded the building on 1 April 1944. Haugland survived a dramatic escape. While the transmitter was in operation, Haugland lived with senior registrar Finn Bøe (1906-70) and his family in a hospital apartment. Bøe risked his own life and that of his family to assist during a dramatic phase of the resistance struggle. Bøe had completed a focused and purposeful clinical and academic training when he was appointed senior registrar at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the National Hospital, in 1943. He was professionally ambitious. His thesis from 1938 was disqualified, but four years later he submitted a new, experimental thesis which he successfully defended in 1945. In 1955, Bøe became the first senior consultant at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Aker hospital. Under his leadership, it became the largest in the Oslo area, and one of the most active in Norway with regard to science. Several of Bøe's own academic works on placental morphology and blood circulation have become classics. Outside of medicine, his great interest was music, and not only as a piano player. He also wrote a book about his fellow townsman Edvard Grieg.

"Breaking the chain of poverty": family planning, community involvement, and the Population Council-Office of Economic Opportunity alliance.

The Office of Economic Opportunity-Population Council program is an example of a mid-twentieth-century federal government/private foundation cooperative effort to place family planning and maternal health at the center of a fight against entrenched poverty. These joint efforts were the trend in family planning and maternal health provision by the 1960s and had two overlapping but also contradictory goals. The first was to provide contraceptive services to poor women to reduce the numbers of poor children, thus relieving the poor of added mouths to feed. Popular fears of a population explosion, mounting welfare rolls, and an increase in the numbers of African Americans receiving welfare fueled this goal. The second aim, however, was to expand comprehensive maternal health services to help reduce poverty by increasing poor women's involvement in and control over the health institutions that could have significant impact on their lives. While the first goal pivoted on encouraging poor women to bear fewer children, the second sought to integrate poor women into community healthcare delivery systems.

[The history and development of obstetrics and gynecology services in Vrbas].

INTRODUCTION: This is a brief historical review of the development of the town of Vrbas, of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in the town's hospital. FIRST EDUCATED GYNECOLOGIST IN VRBAS: This paper provides detailed description of the development of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department which dates back to 1945, when the first educated professionals (the midwifes and doctors) came to Vrbas. A great contribution to the development of the Department was made by doctor Zoran Radivojevic, (gynecologist) in 1959, when he was appointed Chief of the Department. WOMEN'S HEALTH CENTERS: This paper also presents the development of the women's health centers in Vrbas. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department was part of the hospital surgery department and at the beginning it was under the supervision of surgeons. However, later on, it was separated fom the surgery and became an independent department. Today, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in Vrbas is located in the General Hospital and it is a modern and well equipped health facility. All women from the municipalitY of Vrbas and this region use the services of this department.

Hospital Universitario de Caracas: cincuenta años de historia / Hospital Universitario de Caracas: fifty years of history

Se realizó un breve recuento histórico sobre la creación, inauguración, la atención del primer paciente y la primera intervención quirúrgica del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, con motivo de la celebración de su quincuagésimo aniversario.

It was a historical recount about the creation, opening, the first patient attention and the first surgery in the Hospital Universitario de Caracas, by reason of the 50 th anniversary.

[Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology: the list of diplomas and the related thesis of graduates in the twentieth century (1892-2000)]. / Cerrahpasa Tip Fakültesi Kadin - Dogum Anabilim Dalinda XX. Yüzyilda Uzman Olanlar (1892-2000).

Obstetrics Gynecology Department of Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine is the first and the unique clinic which has ever been founded in Ottoman Empire by Besim Omer Pasha (Akalin) in 1892 under the name of "Veladethane" (meaning labor-in hospital) upon a decree of the Emperor. In 1909, it has been transferred from its first building located in Demirkapi Sirkeci to Kadirga and following a change from Kadiga to Haydarasa in 1928. In 1933, after the university reform, it has moved again from Haydarpasa. In 1966, from Haseki to Cerrahpasa to its last and actual residence. Covering all these years, ten residents from Sirkeci, 17 from Kadirga, 7 from Haydarasa, 195 from Haseki and 167 from Cerrahpasa were graduated, all together they are 395 graduates. In this documentary you will find the list of their diplomas and thesis that have been officially accepted from 1946 to the presenting time. Essentially, many clinic, departments and specialty hospitals have been founded in Turkish Republic by these graduates and their successors of this faculty which has anniversarried its 108 years as an Obstetrics and Gynecology Department.

[The Leipzig University Gynecologic Clinic (Trier Institute) from its establishment in 1810 to 1945]. / Die Universitätsfrauenklinik Leipzig (Triersches Institut) von den Anfängen im Jahre 1810 bis 1945.

At the beginning of the 19th century the childless couple Trier gave a plot of land to Leipzig University with the impost of founding a maternity hospital (Accoucheur Institute) and demand to take their family name as clinic name. The institute was erected in 1810 and later (1892) extended as a department of obstetrics and gynecology. The Women's Clinic of the University ("Triersches Institut") developed very favorably through the 19. and 20. century, including the difficult time of national socialism and the years after World War II. This is documented by it's expansion with several enlargements and new buildings. The institution acquired a remarkable national and international reputation due to prominent scientific and clinical results of the famous professors working at the place such as Jörg, Credé, Zweifel, Stoeckel, Sellheim and Robert Schroeder.

[Assistant Professor Józef Szymanowicz Md. PhD.: his life and activities]. / Doc. dr Józef Szymanowicz - zycie i dzialalnosc.

The paper presented the life and activities of Józef Szymanowicz MD. PHD (1886-1946). He was one of the closest collaborators of Professor Aleksander Rosner, Head of the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and a pioneer of Polish endocrinological gynaecology. Józef Szymanowicz, one of the most promising young researchers headed the Clinic after the death of Professor Rosner (1930-1931). Until the outbreak of the Second World War he was Head of the Gynaecology Ward of the Saint Lazarus Hospital in Cracow. He left several very interesting scientific papers for the next generation.