Evaluation of the Oral Health Education Programme for Nurses using an Oral Lesion Simulator.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of a newly developed oral simulator for nursing students' oral assessment education on oral diseases and symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were first-year students (n=105) at a nursing school in Japan. Ten identical oral simulators with angular cheilitis, missing teeth, dental caries, calculus, periodontitis, hypoglossal induration, food debris, and crust formation were created by a team of dentists. After a 45-minute lecture programme for oral assessment performance with the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), the ability test with the simulators and the OHAT as well as test feedback were conducted in a 30-minute practical programme. To evaluate the effectiveness of the programmes, questionnaires and ability tests with slides of oral images were conducted at baseline and after the programme. RESULTS: Ninety-nine students (94.3%) participated in this study. The results of the ability test with the simulators and the OHAT in the practical programme showed that the correct answer rates of assessing tongue, gingiva, present teeth, and oral pain were less than 40%. Their levels of confidence, perception, and oral assessment performance were statistically significantly higher after the programmes than they were at baseline. Their level of confidence in assessing the need for dental referral had the largest increase in scores compared to the lowest scores at baseline in the nine post-programme assessment categories. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several problems with nursing students' oral assessment skills and improvements of their oral assessment confidence, perceptions and performance.

Pediatric Oral Health Online Education for Rural and Migrant Head Start Programs in the United States.

Children living in rural and migrant areas in the United States disproportionately suffer from poor oral health. Additionally, there continues to be a shortage of pediatric dentists practicing in rural/migrant areas. The purpose of this formative research study was to assess whether staff, teachers and families from rural/migrant Head Start/Early Head Start (HS/EHS) programs in California were receptive to oral health online education workshops conducted by pediatric dental residents who were assisted by bilingual (English and Spanish) community oral health workers (COHWs). Our findings suggest that partnering pediatric dental residents with bilingual COHWs to educate HS/EHS teachers, staff and parents on oral health care in rural/migrant areas could result in a rewarding experience for pediatric dentists that might lead them to practice in these communities upon graduation from their residency program. Furthermore, the positive feedback received from the teachers, staff and parents who participated in the workshops indicates they were receptive to receiving oral health information related to oral health literacy from the dental providers and COHWs. COHWs can help increase access to oral health care by serving as a bridge between families and providers by relaying information in a cultural, linguistic and sensitive manner.

Virtual reality-based simulation learning on geriatric oral health care for nursing students: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: There is a great need for training and education in the nursing curriculum to improve nurses' knowledge and skills to provide oral health care. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the use of a virtual reality (VR)-based Oral Health Care Learning System to train geriatric oral health care among nursing students. Fifty undergraduate nursing students were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. The experimental group received the VR-based simulation training on geriatric oral health care and the training was implemented twice at two weeks apart from March to November 2021. The control group did not receive the training intervention. Knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of geriatric oral health care as well as the intention to assist oral health care for older adults were assessed at the beginning, second, and fourth weeks. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effectiveness of the VR-based simulation training. RESULTS: After the first round of training, students in the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in knowledge and self-efficacy of geriatric oral health care than in the control group. After the second round of training, students in the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of geriatric oral health care as well as the intention to assist oral health care for older adult than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The VR-based simulation training was effective to improve undergraduate nursing students' knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy of geriatric oral health as well as the intention to assist oral health care for older adults. The VR-based simulation learning system is an effective tool to provide practice experiences to build confidence and skills and to bridge the gap of understudied geriatric oral health content in entry-level nursing curricula. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05248542; registration date 21/02/2022).

Entrevista motivacional como estrategia de mejoramiento de la salud bucal de niños y cuidadores. Revisión en sombrilla / Motivational interviewing as a strategy to improve the oral health of children and caregivers. Umbrella review

Objetivo: demostrar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional (EM) en el mejoramiento de algunos indicadores de salud bucal en niños de 0 a 12 años y sus cuidadores. Material y métodos: estudio de revisión en sombrilla (umbrella review). Se realizó búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas (PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EBSCO) y Google Scholar desde el año 2010 hasta el año 2020, con las siguientes palabras clave: ('motivational interviewing' OR 'motivational interview' OR 'motivational interviewing style' OR 'motivational intervention' OR 'motivational counseling' OR 'brief motivational counseling' OR 'maternal counseling' OR 'behavioral intervention') AND (“caries” OR 'dental caries' OR 'tooth decay' OR 'dental decay' OR 'carious lesions' OR 'DMFT index' OR “ICDAS”) AND ('gingival diseases' OR “gingivitis” OR “CPITN” OR 'gingival bleeding' OR 'dental calculus') AND (“children” OR “families” OR “caregivers”). Se incluyeron artículos originales sobre la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en salud bucal (EMSB) en niños de hasta 12 años y cuidadores, tipo revisión sistemática de la literatura y metanálisis, desde el año 2010 hasta el 2020. Resultados: 69 artículos (2 revisiones sistemáticas y 4 metanálisis). Los indicadores encontrados fueron: cambios en la presentación de caries de la infancia temprana, higiene bucal, condiciones gingivales y frecuencia de visitas a la consulta odontológica, con resultados alentadores y, en otros, contradictorios. Conclusiones: la evidencia sobre la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en comparación con la educación convencional muestra cambios positivos en indicadores de salud bucal, como mejoramiento de la higiene dental y de la presentación de la caries en la primera infancia. (AU)

Objective: to demonstrate, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in improving oral health indicators in children aged 0 to 12 years and their caregivers. Material and method: an umbrella review design. Search in electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EBSCO) and Google Scholar since 2010 to 2020, with the following keywords: ('Motivational interviewing' OR 'motivational interview' OR 'motivational interviewing style' OR 'motivational intervention' OR 'motivational counseling' OR 'brief motivational counseling' OR 'maternal counseling' OR 'behavioral intervention') AND (“caries” OR 'dental caries' OR 'tooth decay' OR 'dental decay' OR 'carious lesions' OR 'DMFT index' OR “ICDAS”) AND ('gingival diseases' OR “gingivitis” OR “CPITN” OR 'gingival bleeding' OR 'dental calculus') AND (“children” OR “families” OR “caregivers”), original articles on the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in oral health (EMSB) in children between 0 and 12 years of age and caregivers, type systematic review of the literature and metaanalysis. Results: 69 articles were found (2 systematic reviews and 4 metaanalysis). The indicators found: change in early childhood caries, oral hygiene, gingival conditions and frequency of visits to the dental office with promise results and others contradictories. Conclusion: the evidence on the effectiveness of motivational interviewing compared to conventional education shows positive changes in oral health indicators such as improvement in dental hygiene and the presentation of caries in early childhood, among others. (AU)

Effectiveness of School-Based Oral Health Education for Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The global burden of oral diseases is high, but access to oral health care is still problematic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The prevention of oral diseases in the child and adolescent population is the key as it can be prevented and potentially reversed at its early stages. This study aimed to provide evidence on the effectiveness of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies had outcomes, such as oral health knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, gingival health, and caries index, and those published from 1995 to 2019 in English. After screening and reviewing the retrieved articles, 20 studies were included in the systematic review and six eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. The computed effect size of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries showed improved knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, and gingival health from the selected studies. However, most of the interventions took place for less than one year, and long-term evidence is still lacking. As repetition and reinforcement are critical in maintaining long-term effects, both country context and sustainability should be considered in school-based oral health education.

Evaluation of a virtual interprofessional oral-systemic health simulation experience in nursing, dentistry, medicine, and pharmacy education.

PURPOSE: The annual teaching oral-systemic health (TOSH) virtual clinical simulation and case study activity exposes interprofessional teams of nurse practitioner, nurse midwifery, dental, medical, and pharmacy students to a virtual clinical simulation experience that uses oral-systemic health as a clinical exemplar for promoting interprofessional core competencies. The present study examines changes in participating students' self-reported interprofessional competencies following participation in virtual TOSH from 2020 to 2022. These findings are also compared to those from in-person TOSH (2019) to examine the equivalence of student outcomes of both the in-person and virtual programs. METHODS: A pre- and post-test evaluation design was used to examine the effectiveness of exposure to the TOSH program on self-reported attainment of interprofessional competencies for participating students using the interprofessional collaborative competency attainment scale. RESULTS: Analysis of pre- and post-surveys demonstrated statistically significant improvement in students' self-rated interprofessional experience competencies following the virtual TOSH program, which aligns with results from the in-person cohorts. Similar findings between the in-person and virtual cohorts indicated no statistically significant difference between the two formats. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the success of TOSH in promoting attainment of interprofessional competencies among future health professionals. We encourage administrators and faculty who lead health professional programs to take advantage of using virtual simulations as an integral component of interprofessional oral health clinical experiences where students from different health professions learn from and about each other in assessing and treating patients across the lifespan.

Oral Health Nursing Education and Practice Program: Ten-Year Outcomes.

The Oral Health Nursing Education and Practice Program (OHNEP), a core partner of the National Interprofessional Initiative on Oral Health, is a national initiative focused on implementing an interprofessional oral health workforce innovation to influence change in clinical education, practice, and policy. OHNEP aims to address oral health disparities by enhancing the nursing profession's role in integrating oral health and its links to overall health in both academic and clinical settings. Leveraging the opportunity to cultivate faculty, preceptors, and clinicians as oral health champions, OHNEP aims to integrate interprofessional oral health clinical content and competencies in undergraduate and graduate nursing programs through faculty and preceptor development, curriculum integration, and establishing oral health as a standard of care in clinical settings. Outcomes include widespread dissemination of OHNEP virtual products and resources used by a significant number of undergraduate and graduate programs nationwide. OHNEP has a notable impact on policy related to integrating oral health and its links to overall health in undergraduate and graduate nursing programs, thereby increasing interprofessional oral health workforce capacity and aiming to improve oral health equity.

Knowledge and attitudes on oral health of women during pregnancy and their children: an online survey.

BACKGROUND: Life-long healthy behaviors are established during pregnancy and the first years of life. In this cross-sectional survey, new mothers with a high level of schooling living in Northern Italy (Lombardy Region) were interviewed to assess their knowledge and attitudes towards their and child oral health. METHODS: A questionnaire (27 items) was developed to assess socio-demographic factors, knowledge, and attitudes towards maternal and child oral health. The questionnaire was disseminated in perinatal courses, private gynecological clinics, and via social media. Mothers aged ≥18 years, with at least a child aged 0-36 months, with a high school diploma or higher, were included in the survey. RESULTS: A total of 1340 women completed the questionnaire, 1297 of whom had a child aged 0-36 months, 792 lived in Lombardy, and 600 had a high level of education and were finally included. About half of the sample (44.67%) was aged between 31 and 35 years, 76.50% were employed, and the majority had only one child (81.50%). During pregnancy, 28.33% of the sample reported problems with teeth and gums, while only 36.00% visited a dentist. More than 40% of the sample said they were not aware of a possible link between oral health and pregnancy, and 73.17% had not received any advice about their oral health or the future health of their baby's mouth. Less than 20% of women were aware of the increased caries risk associated with prolonged or night-time breastfeeding. Better knowledge/attitude was associated with the age of the child (p < 0.05), the number of children (p < 0.05) and whether the mother had received advice during pregnancy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this survey show a lack of dental care during pregnancy, a lack of information about oral health from health professionals during and after pregnancy, and consequently gaps in the knowledge needed to care for the oral health of the woman and her child. There is a need for training in oral health for pregnant women and new mothers, but also a need for behavioural change among health professionals who care for pregnant women.

Exploring the experiences and perspectives of women on oral health during pregnancy: A qualitative study in Tasmania, Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To explore women's oral health experiences and barriers to dental care and identify potential strategies to improve oral health during pregnancy. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study design was used. Purposively elected antepartum and postpartum women ≥18 years of age from Tasmania, Australia, were recruited using maximum variation sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and all qualitative data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. RESULTS: Fifteen women were interviewed with a mean ± SD age of 32.3 ± 4.5 years. Three key themes were generated from the data that described women's perceived changes in their oral health during pregnancy; barriers to oral health care during and after pregnancy; and perceived strategies to improve access to care. Most women acknowledged the importance of maintaining good oral health but reported a decline in their oral health status during pregnancy. Women also identified several barriers to dental care, including treatment costs, competing maternal priorities, limited oral health knowledge and negative perceptions towards dentistry. The provision of preventative oral health care by ANC providers was also limited. Community awareness, patient education resources and assessment tools could support the promotion of oral health care. Women also perceived that interprofessional collaboration between antenatal and dental providers played a key role in promoting oral health. CONCLUSION: This study explored women's varied oral health experiences and perceptions during pregnancy and highlighted critical barriers and enablers to dental care. Policy-level strategies that promote interprofessional collaboration between antenatal and dental providers and expand dental care access are suggested to overcome barriers to oral health for women during pregnancy.

Perceptions, knowledge, and practices related to oral health in a group of pregnant women: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease is increasing in pregnant women. Dental care is mostly sufficient to prevent oral diseases and perform timely interventions. However, few pregnant women go to the dental office during this period due to a lack of knowledge. The perceptions, knowledge, and oral health practices of pregnant women have been scarcely explored and should be taken into account to propose positive interventions in this population. OBJECTIVES: To identify and explore the perceptions, knowledge, and practices of oral health in a group of pregnant women in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four semistructured interviews were conducted in different areas of Colombia. The interviews were conducted via telephone, and the calls were recorded with the consent of the participants. The recordings were transcribed in Word® and checked for typing and transcription errors. The transcripts were analyzed using a hybrid approach combining inductive and deductive coding. The information was organized and encoded using NVivo12 ®software. We followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. RESULTS: Pregnant women reported having good oral health. One barrier mentioned for occupation (Job) was pregnancy. The appearance of the oral cavity has not negatively affected the relationships of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: The pregnant women had good oral hygiene habits but did not receive dental check-ups. Knowledge in this group was limited and diverse. The information given by health professionals should be standardized, and some beliefs should be demystified. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In general, few pregnant women were aware of bleeding gums during pregnancy. Empower pregnant women to take care of themselves through regular dental check-ups with the aim of preventing and treating oral diseases. Oral hygiene education and healthy nutritional habits should be intensified during this stage. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The participation in the study included a semistructured interview by telephone with the prior consent of the pregnant woman authorizing her involvement and the recording of the interview.

Conhecimento materno sobre os cuidados bucais das crianças na primeira infância / Maternal knowledge about children's oral care in early childhood / Conocimiento materno sobre elcuidado bucal de los niños en la primera infância

Introdução:Os pais exercem um importante papel no estabelecimento dos hábitos saudáveis durante a infância.Aoprestarem cuidados bucais necessários às suas crianças, observa-se um significativo resultado na prevenção dos agravos.Objetivo:Identificaroconhecimento materno sobre os cuidados bucais das crianças na primeira infância. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa do tipo exploratório e observacional. A coleta ocorreu através da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado, com questões sobre o conhecimento materno em relação à higiene bucal, hábitos alimentares, acometimento de cárie e perfil socioeconômico. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva dos dados, seguida de análise bivariada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados:Sobre o conhecimento dos cuidados bucais dos filhos, o mesmo encontrou-se insatisfatório em relação à idade em que as crianças devem começar a escovar seus dentes sozinhas,quanto ao uso de escova e docreme dental fluoretado como método de higiene após a erupção do primeiro dente e quanto à inexistência do dente decíduo antes do nascimento dos molares permanentes. Observou-se conhecimento satisfatório em relação à importância de se realizar restauraçãoem dente decíduo acometido por cárie,à idade em que a criança troca os dentes decíduos pelos permanentes e, à realização de algum cuidado bucal (fralda e gaze) antes do nascimento do primeiro dente.Conclusões:Há uma lacuna quanto às orientações de saúde bucal providas pelos dentistasdirecionadas às mães. As mães/gestantes têm o conhecimento adequado sobre os cuidados bucais do bebê, porém, quanto aos cuidados após o nascimento do primeiro dente, os resultados foram desfavoráveis. Faz-se necessário a maior participação do cirurgião-dentista nas consultas de pré-natal e de crescimento e desenvolvimento praticando educaçãoem saúde (AU).

Introduction:Parents play an important role in establishing healthy habits during childhood. Providing necessary oral care to their children significantly contributes to preventing oral health issues.Objective: To verify maternal knowledge about children's oral care in early childhood.Methodology:Thisis a quantitative, exploratoryandobservationalstudy. Data werecollectedthroughtheapplicationof a semistructuredquestionnaire, withquestionsabout maternal knowledgeregarding oral hygiene, eatinghabits, caries involvementandsocioeconomic profile. A descriptivedata analysiswasperformed, followedby a bivariate analysis, usingPearson's chi-square test, considering a 5% significance level. Results:Regardingmothers' knowledge about their children's oral care, it was unsatisfactory in relation to the age at which children should start brushing their teeth by themselves; regarding the use of a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste as hygiene methods, after the first tooth's eruption, and regarding the absence of the deciduous tooth before the permanent molars eruption. Satisfactory knowledge was observed regarding the importance of carrying out restoration in decayed deciduous teeth; the age at which children begin to change deciduous teeth for permanent ones and, carrying out some oral care (fabric and gauze) before the first tooth's eruption. Conclusions:There is a gap in the oral health guidelines provided by dentists, aimed to mothers. The mothers/pregnant women have sufficient knowledge about their baby's oral care, but considering the oral care after the first tooth eruption, the results were critical. It is necessary a greater participation of the dentist in prenatal and growth and development consultations, practicing Health Education (AU).

Introducción: Los padres ejercen un papel importante en el establecimiento de hábitos saludables durante la infancia. Al proporcionar el cuidado bucal necesario a sus hijos, se obtienen resultados importantes en la prevención de enfermedades. Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento materno sobre el cuidado bucal de los niños en la primera infancia. Metodología:Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo de carácter exploratorio yobservacional. La colecta ocurrió mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado, con preguntas sobre conocimientos maternos sobre higiene bucal, hábitos alimentarios, caries y perfil socioeconómico. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos, seguido de un análisis bivariado mediante la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados:En cuanto al conocimiento sobre el cuidado bucal de los niños, se encontró insatisfactorio en relación a la edad en la que los niños deben comenzar a cepillarse los dientes solos, en cuanto al uso de cepillos dentales y pasta dental fluorada como método de higiene después de la erupción del primer diente y la ausencia de un diente temporal antes del nacimiento de los molares permanentes. Se observó conocimiento satisfactorio sobre la importancia de restaurar un diente temporal afectado por caries, la edad en que el niño cambia los dientes temporales por permanentes y la provisión de algunos cuidados bucales (pañal y gasa) antes del nacimiento del primer diente. Conclusiones:Existe un vacío en la orientación sobre salud bucal proporcionada por los odontólogos dirigida a las madres. Las madres/gestantes tienen conocimientos adecuados sobre el cuidado bucal de su bebé, sin embargo, en relación a los cuidados después del nacimiento del primer diente los resultados fueron desfavorables. Es necesaria una mayor participación del odontólogo en las consultas prenatales y de crecimiento y desarrollo, practicando la educación para la salud (AU).

Avaliação de condição de saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados: revisão integrativa / Assessment of oral health conditions of institutionalized elderly: integrative review / Evaluaciónde las condiciones de salud bucal de ancianos institucionalizados: revisión integrativa

Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, é esperado que a população idosa se faça presente cada dia mais na sociedade. Por esse motivo, é importante reconhecer as necessidades de saúde desse grupo de pessoas que vivem institucionalizadas, para que a odontogeriatria atue de forma mais ativa e proceda de maneira mais efetiva, atendendo as demandas priorizando uma maior qualidade de vida.Objetivo:Identificar as principais alterações que acometem a cavidade oral de idosos institucionalizados. Metodologia:Fez-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados LILACS, BBO, IBECS, SciELOe PubMed. Foram usados os descritores "Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado", "idoso" e "odontologia" junto de seus sinônimos e variações em inglês, retirados do DeCS e MeSH. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais, artigos nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, estudos que envolveram pessoas e sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação. Foram excluídos estudos feitos em animais, revisões de literatura, capítulos de livros, teses e dissertações. Resultados:Foram identificados 555 registros. Desses, 15artigos foram selecionados para compor a revisão. Diversas alterações orais foram encontradas. As principais foram hiperplasia tecidual, estomatite e xerostomia, candidíase e halitose. Sendo os principais fatores causadores: má higiene oral, medicamentos utilizados e má adaptação de próteses dentárias. Conclusões:Considerando os resultados da análise dessa revisão integrativa, pode-se concluir que a hiperplasia tecidual, estomatite, xerostomia são as alterações mais predominantes nos idosos institucionalizados (AU).

With the increase in life expectancy, it is expected that the elderly population will become more and more present in society. For this reason, it is important to recognize the health needs of this group of people who live institutionalized, so that geriatric dentistry acts more actively and proceeds more effectively, meeting the demands prioritizing a better quality of life. Objective:To identify the main alterations that affect the oral cavity of institutionalized elderly.Methodology:An integrative review was carried out in the LILACS, BBO, IBECS, SciELO and PubMed databases. The descriptors were used "Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado", "idoso" e "odontologia"together with its synonyms and variations in English, taken from DeCS and MeSH. The inclusion criteria were original articles, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, studies involving people and without restriction regarding the year of publication. Animal studies, book chapters,literature review,theses and dissertations were excluded. Results:555 records were identified. Of these, 15articles were selected to compose the review. Several oral alterations were found. The main ones were tissue hyperplasia, stomatitis and xerostomia, candidiasis and halitosis. The main causative factors being: poor oral hygiene, medications used and poor adaptation of dental prostheses.Conclusions:Considering the analysis results of this integrativereview, it can be concluded that tissue hyperplasia, stomatitis, xerostomia are the most predominant changes in institutionalized elderly (AU).

Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida, se espera que la población anciana estécada vez más presente en la sociedad. Por eso, es importante reconocer las necesidades de salud de este grupo de personas que viven institucionalizadas, para que la odontología geriátrica actúe más activamente y proceda con mayor eficacia, atendiendo las demandas priorizando una mejor calidad de vida.Objetivo: Identificar las principales alteraciones que afectan la cavidad oral de ancianos institucionalizados.Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora en las bases de datos LILACS, BBO, IBECS, SciELO y PubMed. Se usaron los descriptores"Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado", "idoso" e "odontologia"Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos originales, artículos en portugués, inglés y español, estudios involucrando personas y sin restricción en cuantoal año de publicación. Se excluyeron estudios en animales, revision de literatura, capítulos de libros, tesis y disertaciones.Resultados: Se identificaron 555 registros. De estos, 15artículos fueron seleccionados para componer la revisión. Se encontraron varias alteraciones orales. Los principales fueron hiperplasia tisular, estomatitis y xerostomía, candidiasis y halitosis. Siendo los principales factores causales: la mala higiene bucal, los medicamentos utilizados y la mala adaptación de las prótesis dentales.Conclusiones: Considerando los resultados del análisis de esta revisión integrativa, se puede concluir que la hiperplasia tisular, la estomatitis, la xerostomía son las alteraciones más predominantes en los ancianos institucionalizados (AU).

Alterações bucais associadas ao tratamento antineoplásico e a importância da assistência odontológica ao paciente oncológico: uma revisão integrativa / Oral alterations associated with antineoplastic treatment and the importance of dental care for oncology patients: an integrative review / Alteraciones orales asociadas al tratamiento antineoplásico y la importancia de la atención dental en pacientes oncológicos: una revisión integrativa

O tratamento oncológico por meio da quimioterapia e radioterapia consiste em destruir ou impedir o crescimento das células tumorais, visando a cura ou controle da doença. No entanto, esses tratamentos podem ocasionar danos às células saudáveis e consequentes efeitos colaterais, especialmente na cavidade oral, causando alterações como: mucosite, xerostomia, disgeusia, infecções orais, trismo e osteorradionecrose. Objetivo:Sumarizar estudos sobre a importância da prevenção ecuidado das alterações bucais no manejo odontológico a pacientes em tratamento oncológico.Metodologia:Revisão integrativa, a partir da identificação do tema e elaboração da questão norteadora com busca sistematizada da literatura realizada entre os meses de setembro e novembro de 2022. Foram realizadas buscasnas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Google Acadêmicoe PubMed, excluindo-se artigos publicados há mais de cinco anos.Resultados:Obteve-se uma amostra final de seteestudos, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão.Houve concordância entre todos eles acerca das alterações bucais durante o tratamento oncológico, enfatizando a necessidade de assistência odontológica nesses pacientes antes, durante e após a terapia antineoplásica, além deminimizar efeitos desta intervenção. Conclusões:A atuação do cirurgião-dentista no cuidado aos pacientes oncológicos tem grande relevância, uma vez que as condições de saúde bucal impactam a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Em suma, o presente estudo contribuino entendimento das alterações bucais e cuidados para o bem-estar do paciente (AU).

Oncologicaltreatment through chemotherapy and radiotherapy consists of destroying or preventing the growth of tumor cells, aiming at curing or controlling the disease. However, these treatments can cause damage to healthy cells and consequent side effects, especially in the oral cavity, causing changes such as: mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, oral infections, trismus and osteoradionecrosis. Objective:To summarize studies on the importance of prevention and care for oral changes in the dental management for patients undergoing oncologicaltreatment.Methodology:Integrative reviewfrom theidentification of the theme and elaboration of the guiding question with a systematic search of the literature carried out between September and November 2022. They were carried out searchesin the Virtual Health Librarydatabase, Google Scholar and PubMed, excluding articles published more than five years ago.Results:A final sample of 07 studies was obtained, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was agreement among all of them about oral changes during cancer treatment, emphasizing the need for dental care in these patients before, during and after antineoplastic therapy, in addition to minimizing the effects of this intervention.Conclusions:The performance of the dental surgeon in the care of cancer patients is of great relevance, since oral health conditions impact the quality of life of these individuals. In short, the presentstudy contributesto the of oral changesand care for the patient's well-being (AU).

El tratamiento oncológicopor mediodequimioterapia y radioterapia consiste en destruir o impedir el crecimiento de las células tumorales, visando lacurar o controla de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, estos tratamientos pueden causar daño a las células sanasy en consecuenciaefectos secundarios, especialmenteen la cavidad oral, causandoalteraciones como: mucositis, xerostomía, disgeusia, infecciones orales, trismoy osteorradionecrosis.Objetivo: Resumir estudios acerca de la importancia de la prevención y cuidados de las alteracionesorales en el manejo dental apacientes en tratamiento oncológico.Metodología: Revisión integrativa, apartir de la identificación detema y elaboración de la pregunta guía con buscasistematizadade la literatura realizada entre los meses de septiembre y noviembre de 2022. Fueron realizadas búsquedas en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Google Académico y PubMed, excluyéndoseartículos publicados hace más de cinco años. Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra final de siete estudios, después aplicaciones de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Hubo concordancia entre todos acerca de las alteracionesorales durante el tratamiento oncológico, enfatizando la necesidad de asistencia odontológica en esespacientes antes, durante y después de la terapia antineoplásica, además de minimizar efectos de esta intervención.Conclusiones: La actuación del cirujano dentistaen el cuidado a lospacientes oncológicos tienegran relevancia, una vez que las condiciones de salud oral impactan la calidad de vida de los individuos. En suma, el presente estudio contribuyeen el entendimientode las alteraciones orales y cuidados para el bienestar del paciente (AU).

Patterns of Change in Parental Health Literacy in Relation to Children's Oral Health.

BACKGROUND: Although health literacy (HL) skills may change over time, most research treats HL as a constant, using baseline HL to predict other health-related constructs. Few studies have explored change in HL over time. OBJECTIVE: We examined person-level differences in HL trajectories. We identified subgroups (latent classes) based on longitudinal assessments of HL and examined the association of class membership with demographic and oral health variables. METHODS: We used four measurement waves of parental HL data, reflecting the risk of limited HL, collected as part of an intervention to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 579 parent-child dyads at baseline). Repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) models were estimated to identify subgroups of HL trajectories over time. We examined class membership in association with baseline demographics and with 36-month assessments of parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors as well as pediatric oral health. KEY RESULTS: A four-class model best fit the data. The largest class (high HL; 49.7% of the sample) was characterized by high levels of HL at all waves. A second class (improving HL; 17.7%) improved over all waves. The remaining two classes were characterized as moderate HL (20%) and low HL (12.6%) and maintained relatively stable HL levels over time. Higher educational attainment was associated with membership in the high HL and improving HL classes. Older age among this young-adult sample and higher income also were associated with high HL class membership. Parents in the high HL and improving HL classes exhibited more favorable performance on measures of oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behavioral adherence than did those in the other classes. Class membership was not associated with pediatric oral health. CONCLUSIONS: RMLCA demonstrated person-level variability in HL trajectories. Longitudinal patterns were associated with baseline demographics and prospectively with parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors, but not with pediatric oral health. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(2):e89-e98.].

Salud bucal en pacientes en estado crítico / Critical patient oral health

Fundamento:La salud bucal y sus cuidados son importantes en la atención sanitaria de pacientes en estado crítico.Objetivo:Proporcionar una visión general de los vínculos entre la salud bucal y los resultados adversos en la evolución de los pacientes en estado crítico.Metodología:Esta revisión narrativa se realizó en Google Académico, PubMed/Medline y SciELO, con los descriptores salud bucal, cuidados críticos, respiración artificial y neumonía asociada al ventilador, consultados en el DeCS. Se seleccionaron artículos a texto completo en español e inglés de revistas arbitradas por pares y de los últimos 5 años.Resultados:La disbiosis y la mala higiene bucales propician la aparición y desarrollo de enfermedades bucales que, a su vez, favorecen la incidencia de enfermedades respiratorias bajas como la neumonía asociada al ventilador en pacientes en estado crítico. Dentro de los factores vinculantes están la aspiración de secreciones bucales con bacterias patógenas que colonizan el tracto respiratorio inferior y los trastornos nutricionales que reducen el sistema defensivo. Aunque existen algunas discrepancias, la mayoría de los estudios apoyan las medidas de cuidado bucal en los pacientes en estado crítico.Conclusiones:La salud y cuidados bucales son claves para un desenlace clínico más favorable en los pacientes en estado crítico.[AU]

Efectividad del programa educativo “Sonrisas desde el vientre”. Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus / Effectiveness of the educational program "Smiles from the womb". Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus

Fundamentación:En el período de gestación el organismo de la mujer sufre modificaciones, transformaciones fisiológicas y psicológicas, además de cambios en los tejidos bucales y cambios de conducta que pueden iniciar enfermedades bucodentales o agravar las ya establecidas.Objetivo:Evaluar la efectividad del programa educativo “Sonrisas desde el vientre” en embarazadas del Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus.Metodología:Se realizó un estudio preexperimental, con diseño antes y después en el período de enero a junio del 2022, la población estuvo constituida por 20 embarazadas ingresadas en el Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta) y estadísticos. Se midió la variable conocimiento sobre salud bucodental.Resultados:Los conocimientos antes de la aplicación de programa educativo eran insuficientes (65 porciento), después de aplicado el programa educativo el 75 porciento de las embarazadas presentó conocimientos suficientes.Conclusiones:Al culminar la implementación del programa educativo “Sonrisas desde el vientre”, se logró un nivel de conocimiento suficiente sobre salud bucodental en la tercera parte de las embarazadas de este hogar materno.[AU]

Efectividad del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre". Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus / Effectiveness of the educational program " Smiles from the womb". Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus

Fundamentación: En el período de gestación el organismo de la mujer sufre modificaciones, transformaciones fisiológicas y psicológicas, además de cambios en los tejidos bucales y cambios de conducta que pueden iniciar enfermedades bucodentales o agravar las ya establecidas. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre" en embarazadas del Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental, con diseño antes y después en el período de enero a junio del 2022, la población estuvo constituida por 20 embarazadas ingresadas en el Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta) y estadísticos. Se midió la variable conocimiento sobre salud bucodental. Resultados: Los conocimientos antes de la aplicación de programa educativo eran insuficientes (65 %), después de aplicado el programa educativo el 75 % de las embarazadas presentó conocimientos suficientes. Conclusiones: Al culminar la implementación del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre", se logró un nivel de conocimiento suficiente sobre salud bucodental en la tercera parte de las embarazadas de este hogar materno.

Background: During pregnancy, the women's body goes through many changes, physiological and psychological transformations, as well as changes in the oral cavity tissues and behavioral changes that may initiate oral diseases or aggravate the stablished ones. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program "Smile from the Womb" among pregnant women at the Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus. Methodology: A pre-experimental study with a before and after design was conducted from January to June 2022, the population consisted of 20 pregnant women hospitalized at Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus. Theoretical, empirical (survey) and statistical methods were used. The variable oral health knowledge was measured. Results: Before applying the educational program the knowledge was insufficient (65%), after applying the educational program 75% of pregnant women showed sufficient knowledge. Conclusions: By the end of the "Smile from the Womb" educational program, one third of the pregnant women in this maternity home had achieved a sufficient level of knowledge about oral and dental health.

LESSONS LEARNED FROM the FIRST STEPS of IMPLEMENTING VALUE-BASED ORAL HEALTH CARE: A CASE STUDY FROM the MEDICAL UNIVERSITY of VIENNA.

BACKGROUND: Value-based oral healthcare (VBOHC) has two fundamental components, the assessment of patients' dental outcomes and the measurement of the costs to achieve those outcomes. The aim of this article is to describe challenges and opportunities of implementing dental patient-reported outcomes (dPROs) in clinical care at the University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, in Austria, to determine lessons learned and describe next steps forward to VBOHC implementation. METHODS: A case study determining lessons learned based on an implementation process to incorporate a dental patient-reported outcome measure (dPROM) in routine clinical care was conducted. The German version of the five items Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-5), a dPROM was selected and integrated into the general anamnesis including dental and medical history for patients aged ≥16 years. The anamnesis is paper based and is to be completed by each new patient during the registration process. Thereafter, it is uploaded to the patients' dental record via scan by the main central admission. However, it is then the treating dentist's task to transfer the data into the digital system. Data accuracy between digital and paper forms was investigated, and lessons learned regarding the first steps of implementing VBOHC were summarized based on the implementation process findings. RESULTS: To date, 8,147 patients were approached to fill in OHIP-5. However, only 266 patients´ OHIP- 5 files were transferred into the digital system by the dentist. To explore the accuracy between the manual transfer of data from paper forms to digital format, the data of 89 randomly selected patients was compared. Of this sample, 74 (83.1%) patient's data sets were found to be identical. Lessons learned included the importance of institutional dedication, stakeholders' engagement, dPROMs integration in follow up visits, the significance of digital solutions, and the continuous monitoring and evaluation. CONCLUSION: Integrating dPROMs in clinical settings is achievable and is the first important step to move forward with VBOHC implementation.

Impact of oral health literacy and psychoactive substances on tooth loss in adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between tooth loss, and oral health literacy, the use of multiple psychoactive substances, and the reason for the last dental appointment in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 746 adolescents aged 15-19 years in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. The adolescents answered the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), the alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test, and an oral health questionnaire from the National Oral Health Survey. The adolescents were then examined by two examiners who had undergone training and calibration exercises for the diagnosis of tooth loss due to caries (K > 0.80). Associations between variables were investigated using robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of tooth loss was 17.4%. Oral health literacy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89-0.97) was inversely associated with tooth loss, while multiple psychoactive substance use (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09-3.69) and last dental visit for treatment/symptoms (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.73-5.36) were directly associated with tooth loss. Oral health literacy, multiple psychoactive substance use, and reason for last dental appointment exerted an influence on tooth loss among adolescents.